Izimila nezilwane iRed Encwadi endaweni uVladimir: uhlu photo

IRed Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni - idokhumenti, eyabonakala ngenxa umsebenzi odinga isineke ngempela lososayensi. Wona endaweni ocebile emahlathini (bathatha kancane ezingaphezu kwesigamu endaweni Imininingwane), isimo sezulu opholile omnene, kusho inqwaba yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene. Yingakho esifundeni uVladimir yizilwane eziningi weNcwadi Red. Ngaphansi evumayo kakhulu emvelweni isithombe 6 amaphesenti ezweni - ensimini nezinto ezivikelwe. Phakathi kwazo kunane-National Park "Meschera" futhi echibini Isihra. Nansi ingxenye reserve and "Klyazma" olubaluleke sikahulumeni.

Uyini Incwadi Olubomvu?

Isinyathelo sokuqala ukuthatha isinqumo sokuthi yini eNcwadini Red, iyini injongo yaso kanye nezici. Ngakho le dokhumenti uhlu abameleli ezingavamile noma ezisengcupheni ka yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene.

Kuyiphutha ukucabanga ukuthi leli phepha ukuze bangabhekani otholakala kuphela Russian Federation. Ngo-1963, i-International Red Book (umsebenzi ukuthi wazalwa ngo-1948) ukhululiwe.

Ngokuphathelene ethize kubambana nelive letfu lokufanako, ekuweni wase-USSR kwakukhona Incwadi Red zase-USSR, bese - ku 2001 kakade wabona ukukhanya sesethi izitshalo evikelwe nezilwane Russia, ngokuthi iNcwadi Red. Futhi ngaleso sikhathi, izikhonzi Federation aseqalile ukukhiqiza lesifunda Red Data Izincwadi zabo.

Iletha ndawonye imibhalo efanayo eyodwa - isakhiwo sabo. Zonke izimila nezilwane zihlukaniswe izigaba wanyamalala ngokuphelele (phambi kwabo uwuphawu 0) kulabo imiphakathi okuyizinto inqubo yokuthola (uphawu 5). Phakathi kwalezi zimo amagugu ukuhlangabezana usongo zimise ukunyamalala (1), inani nokwehla (2), ezingavamile (3) futhi indeterminate (4).

Isibalo esiphelele sabo bonke izincwadi obomvu kanye nomklamo yabo - ikhophi ngasinye sihambisana isithombe egqamile futhi ekubizweni ndawo.

IRed Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni

Yini unyakaza izilwane kanye nezitshalo ezisohlwini Red egwalweni uVladimir esifundeni, inombolo yabo kufana izilwane 160, izitshalo ezifanayo futhi 10 amakhowe.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi, uma kulinganiswa nokwenu 2008 (inguqulo yokuqala yale Ncwadi Red) okwamanje inani izilwane kuyehla ncamashi kabili, isitshalo nge amayunithi 48, kanti isikhunta ku 7.

IRed Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni, izilwane kanye nezitshalo ayisihloko kwalesi sihloko yanyatheliswa okokuqala ngo-2008. Lalimelela ke, uhlu olwandayo lwezilwane ukuthi kufanele alethe (Governor Isinqumo) kuwo. Konke lokhu - umphumela womsebenzi onzima ososayensi, ngosizo okuyinto uhlu okuye kwafezwa.

Ngo-2010, uhlu olubukeziwe encishisiwe. Sasiyini isizathu? Ngeshwa, kuphela ukuncipha endaweni izinhlobo. Kuze kube manje, izilwane Red Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni on the esengozini yokuqothulwa - lokhu muskrat Russian, kanye crane, nabanye abaningi. Nazi kwezinhlobo zezinyoni ezingavamile kakhulu yezimila nezilwane ezihlukahlukene ngayinye amakilasi.

izwe yemifino

Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, kancane ezingaphezu kwesigamu endaweni le ndawo imbozwe amahlathi, lezixuku ikakhulukazi birch noma emahlathini kaphayini nesihlahla sonwele amahlathi. Kukhona futhi kuxutshwe. Kwezinye izindawo, kukhona zezitsha ezingavamile abasha lime izihlahla - bona waphakamisela wazinquma kulo lonke ikhulu leminyaka elidlule, futhi manje uzama ukubuyisela. Kungokufanayo kunjalo oki: ziyivelakancane, lingama loMfula i-Klyazma and Oka emifuleni.

Ubuningi amahlathi, isimo sezulu ngokulinganisela olumanzi kanye efudumele band phakathi kukhona ithuba elikhulu ukukhula amajikijolo kanye amakhowe. Futhi, le ndawo igcwele futhi izitshalo tube, eziningi zazo ohlwini ezisengozini, kodwa ngokukhethekile evikelwe esibhalwe ukuthi "ezisengozini", isibonelo, polushnik bristly, slipper ntokazi, Karelian birch, amanzi caltrop.

Polushnik bristly - isitshalo esitholakala ngasogwini lomfula amadamu ahlukahlukene, it ukhetha nenhlabathi anesihlabathi silty noma nje isihlabathi. Sikwazi ukukhula Polushnik kumuntu ka 2 amamitha ukujula, ngaleyo ndlela-ke ithanda amanzi oluhlanzekile kakhulu. Amanzi kanye nokungcoliswa kwamanzi kuholela ukunyamalala simila.

Lady sika slipper - imbali, hhayi kuphela ukushaya ubuhle bakhe, kodwa futhi zokwelapha. It livame ukusetshenziswa njengendlela okulalisayo. Le mbali Kuyathakazelisa futhi siyini rasteniem- "gibe 'adle ezithutha impova yabo. Kuqashelwe hhayi kuphela kulo lonke elaseRussia kodwa emazweni amaningana aseYurophu. Siyini isizathu? Nge imisebenzi womuntu: ukugawula amahlathi ukutshala alien izitshalo endaweni, libanga umonakalo onjalo ehlukile zezakhamuzi zakhona, yini slipper womfazi lo.

Unentshisekelo umlando ukuvikelwa rogulnika elintantayo. Kuze kube muva nje, wakhonza kuzo Red egwalweni RSFSR Nokho, sibonga izinyathelo isicelo, waxoshwa khona. Rogulnik kwaba kuphela amathuluzi lesifunda kwemvelo. Kubandakanya Red Encwadi endaweni uVladimir: izilwane nezitshalo efakwe kuwo, senizamukele ngokoqobo wanyamalala kule ndawo. Kungani rogulnik? izithelo zayo ungathi ikhanda enkunzi. Sikhula e amachibi amanzi amile noma kancane egeleza. Kusukela ukhetha nenhlabathi silty.

Izihlahla: birch Karelian

birch Karelian - into izimila ezingavamile ngokuphelele. Ukhuni lwaso has iphethini zemvelo.

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo iye yasetshenziswa womshini zonke izinhlobo yasendlini izinto (imigexo, caskets). Ngeshwa, labantu Karelian birch incane, futhi ngenxa yalokho, eyenziwa umsebenzi walo ukulondolozwa: Ungene yonke imithi uyanqunywa kuphela kwemvume iziphathimandla.

izinambuzane

Ubuningi emahlatsini imizimba amanzi enikeziwe ikhaya ephephile kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane nezimila. Nokho, izilwane uVladimir esifundeni, ezisohlwini Incwadi Red, baningi kakhulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona njengoba izinambuzane futhi izinyoni, nezilwane ezincelisayo.

Njengoba for izinambuzane, kufanele wathi lokuqala zonke emhlabathini mabhungane Menetries, acwebezelayo futhi onsomi - bonke bangabafundi on the esengozini yokuqothulwa ikakhulu ngenxa yokuthi ezihlala emahlathini (shiny, onsomi), lapho ukucubungula zinambuzane, izimayini, amadlelo imfuyo yakho izinkomo, noma emaxhaphozini (Menetries), okuyinto angaphansi sokufunwa inqwaba.

Ungase futhi uqaphele bumblebees: abavamile, yonellyus, moss, izithelo nobumba. Futhi bee-umbazi. Zonke lezi abameleli Hymenoptera ziyancipha ngenxa Ukuwohloka izindawo: zezikhotha kanye nasemahlathini esetshenziswa yenziwe amadlelo emfuyo, amakhemikhali kusetshenzwe, amahlathi zithonywa imililo nokugawulwa kwezihlahla.

arthropoda

izilwane ezingavamile uVladimir esifundeni eNcwadini Red - kuba nayo eyisinambuzane. Shirokopaly nezinkalankala uzkopaly, ulwembu, silverfish, Szczytno spring ezinamagobolondo - ukuthi amanye amalungu zilwane.

Umdlavuza kanye uzkopaly shirokopaly, kukhona ezithakazelisayo okungukuthi asiphambani amabanga, futhi, kancane kancane ushukumisela lesibili. umehluko omkhulu endaweni hhayi: bona bathanda egcwele amanzi oksijini, ihlanzekile. Imbangela yobukhulu bawo amancane, ngenxa yalokho, ukuvikelwa kuyinto ukungcoliswa Ukoma zemizimba amanzi, kanye nesifo ethize - inhlupho anomdlavuza.

Spider-jewel kwenza kwemvelo ukukhathazeka kancane esingaphansi ezinamagobolondo ethulwa ngenhla. Kuyinto kwezinhlobo kuphela arachnids ngiyijwayele impilo emanzini. It ukhetha amanzi kabi egeleza noma umile amanzi. Ukuncishiswa izinombolo zabo, kanye nokungcoliswa kuye kwaholela yokuthi amanzi siya izicabucabu ezincane.

entwasahlobo Szczytno kanye ezinamagobolondo musa ihluke bodwa. Lezi zilwane Red egwalweni uVladimir esifundeni bukhoma phansi emadanyini, kanye nokujula kungaba lisukela ngamasentimitha ambalwa (amaxhaphozi, ube nemigodi ngemigodi). Isizathu sokuba ukunciphisa - ayasha kwendawo yemvelo, okwandisa izinga lokushisa lamanzi.

inhlanzi

Izilwane kanye nezitshalo Red Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni, abahlala amachibi, azigcini izinambuzane kanye eyisinambuzane - phakathi kwabo kukhona inhlanzi. Phakathi kwabo kuwufanele kokukhuluma starlet futhi bullhead. Eyokuqala - kakhulu sensitive ubumsulwa amanzi, yingakho futhi owaloba encwadini Red njengenhlangano isilwane esisengozini yokuqothulwa, ngoba kuphela amadamu amanzi okumsulwa bahlupheka ngaphezu kwakho. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indima eziyingozi eyadlalwa ukudalwa ngesisekelo amadamu semilambo, lapho amanzi hhayi bahlanza kahle, sibi bazogcwalisa ne-oksijini, njengoba kulezi amadamu kunzima ukuphuma izinhlanzi ziyozalela.

Bullhead liyatholakala kuphela crystal nasemanzini. Ngokungafani sterlets awusebenzi uthuthe futhi uhlala e Reservoir yayo. Le nhlanzi kufika ku-12 cm ukubukeka iyesabeka: ikhanda enkulu, enkulu ngokwanele namehlo ububanzi abomvu. Izikali e sculpin, kodwa kukhona kuphela kwameva, exosha eziyingozi. Umbala isithombe sifana phansi: izinhlanzi brown-yellow, tint ngezinye izikhathi ogqamile.

izinyoni

IRed Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni, izilwane lapho isithombe - isihloko lesi sihloko, futhi iqukethe inyoni. Abamele le oda ohlwini okuningi, ukunikeza kuphela lezo isimo "ezisengozini".

Little esibonelweni. Le nyoni luhlala loMfula imifula, amachibi kanye amadamu, ukunyamalala salo ngenxa yenani elincane izindawo kungenzeka yokwakha isidleke, ngaphezu, zikhona izimo lapho indawo yemvelo tern ukhungethwe phakathi kwemifula.

nonogolantethe abamhlophe nabansundu. Lezi zinhlobo ezimbili inyoni iyathinteka, ngokuyinhloko ngenxa ukuzingela ngokungemthetho nokubhujiswa izidleke. storks Kunalokho enkulu enhle - ezifudukayo, ezinyangeni ezipholile, base behamba bese ubuyela izidleke zabo entwasahlobo. Base amaqanda futhi zohlobo. Security izinyathelo zenzelwe ukubasiza yokwakha isidleke, futhi wacindezela ngezinhlamvu zezibhamu zokuzingela.

Kusukela izinyoni ezidla inyama evikelwe ngokucophelela iRed Incwadi nengqungqulu, inyoka ukhozi, i-golden eagle, ukhozi elimhlophe-tailed futhi peregrine ukhozi. Isibalo zezinyoni ezidla inyama kuyehla ngenxa ezicini eziningana, ngokuyinhloko udlala indima ukulinganiselwa zizalela sites nokubhujiswa izidleke ngu ezilwaneni eziyingozi (ezifana izimpungushe). Ngeshwa, kukhona futhi Isici ukungcoliswa kwemvelo, ngoba ukhozi hawk adle izinyoni ezincane nezilwane olungahlala ezindaweni enobuthi ngamakhemikhali.

Owl - enye inyoni edla inyama, engaphansi isivikelo. Ithuba uyithole ngisho ekhulwini XX cishe zero: isikhova eduze yokuqothulwa. Lokhu kwakungenxa ngenxa yezenzo zesintu: izinyoni badutshulwe, ayisesemikhulu ezindaweni kwendawo yazo (ukuqothulwa kwamahlathi) kanye kwenza okholwayo wangakwazi ukubamba ukudla. isikhova Eagle iyona isikhova esikhulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. Ukudla lakhe zahlukahlukene kakhulu, kungaba sengathi zezinye izinyoni ezidla inyama nezilwane ezincelisayo, naphakathi kwezilwane eziphila ezweni nezilwane. Kwangaphandle isici sici - uhlobo "izindlebe 'we izimpaphe ekhanda.

ezincelisayo

esincelisayo futhi esinegazi elifudumele iRed egwalweni uVladimir esifundeni, ngezithombe kanye nencazelo okuyinto ajwayelekile kulesi sihloko kungabesifazane ambalwa. Ikakhulukazi okukhathazayo kwemvelo zinyathi, lynx Eurasia, Otter futhi muskrat Russian. Ake sihlole isilwane ngasinye ngaphezulu.

Bison libhekisela parnopalym izilwane. On the sonqenqemeni lokuqothulwa, kubhekwa ngobukhulu yazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo eYurophu. Lezi zilwane ezinkulu bahlala ngamaqembu amancane, okuyinto ungavumeli abanye ungulates. Okwamanje, izinyathelo ezisetshenziswa ukwandisa sabantu zinyathi.

Lynx vulgaris - kummeleli umndeni cat nge usayizi esingeqile inja enkulu. Lokhu nomzingeli has a ukubukeka basilibale, lolwehlukanisa a-lynx yase - "ibhulashi" ezindlebeni. Animal noboya yinhle kakhulu, ngenxa yalokho injongo ngezinhlamvu zezibhamu zokuzingela.

River Otter Selety phezu lomfula ezingqubuzanayo ezaziyaluzisa. Lokhu kumele kube isilwane elincane umndeni uchakide, ngoba amanzi la, hhayi kwi freezer ebusika, kanye Otter uhlala futhi feeds kuzo. Nanguya umbhukudi emangalisayo, kusiza umzimba side, ngezidladla leWebhu futhi ungqimba obukhulu amanoni ayigongobali ngamanzi abandayo. Izilwane kanye nezitshalo Red Incwadi Vladimir esifundeni kukhona khona ingxenye enkulu ngenxa nokungcoliswa imvelo womuntu. Otter - iyathinteka. Iqiniso lokuthi kungaba kuphela bahlala namanzi ahlanzekile futhi alungiselele lezi amadamu isiba ezincane.

Desman Russian - eyodwa ngaphezulu omele ezincelisayo, avikelekile. Lesi silwane unohlobo ezihlekisayo kakhulu: nose eside, umzimba ubuka futhi ehlanganisa izikali eqinile umsila-wheel, ukuvumela ukushayela ngokushesha Burrows ukuthi Ukuvubukula ogwini emifuleni ethulile kanye amadamu. Iningi ezincane ukuzingela ngokungemthetho isilwane okusongelayo: ekhulwini XIX kwathiwa baqothulwe omningi. Wanezela negalelo layo ekuphunguleni labantu kunemnotfo lomuntu: amanzi amanzi noma ukwakhiwa emthethweni yemida yabo.