Izibonelo imihlola ukukhanya. imihlola Khanyisa ngokwemvelo

Inani yokukhanya ezimpilweni zethu kunzima overestimate. On kuncike wonke umsebenzi womuntu kusukela enkathini yokuqala kuze kube namuhla. Ukuze ecucuza okukhanya ukunyakaza njalo emkhathini woMhlaba - uhlobo uhlelo optical, lapho imingcele njalo ushintsha.

Izibonelo imihlola optical emkhathini

Izendlalelo imvilophi igesi kuyiplanethi yethu ukuxubana, ukushintsha kwabantu bayo, obala, ukukhanya kubonakala kuzo, ukhanyisa kobuso bomhlaba. Ezimweni ezithile, indlela ugongolo is agobile ekudaleni izenzakalo ezimangalisayo kakhulu futhi ezimibalabala emkhathini. Ezinye zazo yilezi evame kakhulu, kuyilapho ezinye Awaziwa kahle kubantu.

Amehlo ethu, akuzona zonke izenzakalo ngokomzimba. Khanyisa anezinkanyezi iluphu iphethini, isibonelo, kungenziwa kuphela ukutholwa ikhamera nge ukuz okuyinto ithumba like zezulu ushiye amamaki eliyingqayizivele ngesikhathi Ukujikeleza umhlaba emhlabeni axis awo. Ngakho ngokuvamile sisebenzisa amadivayisi ezikhethekile optical.

Ngokumangalisayo amahle kufinyeleleke observation kukhona zemvelo asemkhathini, kuba nokuxhumana wokukhanya kanye nokuphelela imvilophi gaseous kule planethi yethu. Ngokuvamile, lapho zenzeka ngenxa imisebe ihlakaza of kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona kanye umumo womsebenzi lapho bend emhlabeni imingcele zemizimba opaque. Kulesi sihloko sibheka lezi zibonelo esiyingqayizivele imihlola optical ezenzeka emkhathini.

rainbow

Endulo lalibhekwa ibhuloho phakathi komhlaba nezulu. Isazi sefilosofi Descartes kwafakazela ukuthi imfundiso yokuziphendukela ukwakheka rainbow, esekelwe kwalungiswa izinkunga zokubona imisebe yokukhanya. Nokho, kepha yena Newton, kuqhakambisa ulwazi, ihlulekile ukuchaza umsuka eziningana kulezi zinkanyezi ebonwe esibhakabhakeni ngesikhathi esifanayo. Futhi kuphela sezinkanyezi XIX leminyaka Erie ungase incazelo lesi simanga ukunikeza: imvula kwesihenqo njengembuka isakhiwo lapho kukhona umumo womsebenzi yokukhanya. bayihlaba kakhulu inkolelo yakhe efanele namuhla. Rainbow waphawula ngaphansi ukukhanya kwelanga indwangu imvula esisogwini esibhakabhakeni ohlangothini inkanyiso okuphambene. Ngokuvamile kokuncoma ukubukwa zombuki uvezwa hhayi elilodwa uthingo eziningana, kodwa ilungiselelo imibala kuzo ihlale ifana.

Lesi senzakalo ukukhanya ngokwemvelo kuyagcinwa hhayi kuphela ufasimbe lemvula, kodwa futhi phezu amaconsi amanzi emithonjeni futhi umthombo wokukhanya kuthiwa inyanga, ilanga kanye obala abavamile. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ososayensi baye luhlose ukukhiqiza kabusha lo mkhuba ngaphandle kwesibeletho, etholwe mayelana izithombe nesishiyagalolunye.

Uthingo evamile wazibona, yebo, zonke kodwa ebusuku kuthathwa njengesibikezelo ezingavamile engokwemvelo. Esikhathini unyezi, kubonakala ezimhlophe, kodwa ngokushesha nje lapho emvula abe emikhulu, ngokushesha iphenduka ibe nombala. Ngokuvamile Lokhu kuye kwaba phezu ogeleza impophoma.

Fire rainbow

Ososayensi abathi yona umphumela ezingavamile kakhulu optical. Senziwa kwelungiselelo elikhethekile kwelanga ngokuphelele emkhathizwe ngemuva amafu Cirrus sakhiwa ice zinhlayiya, ogama facets kukhona parallel phansi. Kuphela ngaphansi kwalezi zimo, ukukhanya sihamba lapho sibhekene mpo refracted bese engena ovundlile. Futhi ke amehlo ethu bamangala uvele ifu-like multi anemibala elangabini lomlilo, efana esibhakabhakeni embozwe i ifilimu enhlobonhlobo.

ikholomu ukukhanya

Ezikhathini zasendulo, ngokuvamile aphanjaniswe amabika ilanga ukukhanya imihlola. Physics futhi uchaza enjalo izinsika umdlalo elangeni nge ice zinhlayiya kwakheka elingenhla emkhathini. Kuyohlale kukhona into engokwemvelo umbala umthombo wokukhanya, futhi kungase ilanga, inyanga, noma izibani. Kodwa uma akhiwa izinkanyiso zemvelo, amakholomu abanjalo bangabaphostoli isikhathi eside.

Kumiswa isigxobo ukukhanya ngenkathi ezibandayo. Zinhlayiya ice ayahwamuka ashisa sub-zero e-surface abakubonisayo kwakukhuphuka inkungu ukuthi zingabonisa kahle izibani ngesimo amakholomu. Uma siqhubeka Isenzakalo esingokwemvelo kwenzeka ebusika e Niagara Falls, lapho zinhlayiya kuphela ukukhanya kusukela spotlight.

Bioluminescence ku Maldives

imihlola Khanyisa ngokwemvelo ngezinye izikhathi ebhubhisa imibono yethu ngazo. Lesi siqhingi sethiwa baziwa inimitable Vaadhu kukhanya bluish ukuthi likhipha izigidi phytoplankton ezihlala emanzini. Kubonakala sengathi izinkanyezi ziyabonakala phezu kwamanzi. Eqinisweni bioluminescence - a eziyinkimbinkimbi zamakhemikhali izinqubo ezenzeka emzimbeni kwamagciwane. I kukhanya kusukela uhamba amanzi ngamaza iphuma, kokwenza izivakashi zinemibono ehlala njalo. Nokho, ne kwelanga mkhuba esiyingqayizivele buphela futhi iphele ngokuphelele.

umlilo St Elmo

izibonelo UKwenza iZinto ngeNdlela eNgakajayeleki imihlola ukukhanya physics kuyagcinwa ezibaliwe uma kuduma izulu noma isiphepho. Itilosi batshelwa ukuthi Kwakukhona izibani okwesabisayo ku masts futhi wanyamalala ngokuphelele. Isayensi iye eside wafunda izenzakalo ezinjalo, babehlale senziwe izinto olulodwa noma ezicijile lapho liphuma emhlabeni ensimini kagesi. I luminescence kuphakama futhi eziqongweni zezintaba noma izihlahla, namabhilidi emakhoneni. Kuyinto ahlukene kulokoza izibani futhi ngezinye izikhathi eyiphutha umlilo oluthukuthele. Nokho mkhuba shweza yokukhanya nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka akabi futhi akabi futhi Akuthathi ngomzuzu angaphezu kwelilodwa.

aurora Polaris

Kukhona izibonelo ubuhle okumangazayo imihlola yokukhanya, okuyinto njalo lizungezwe aura ezingaqondakali. Ngo lasendulo Eskimo futhi Native legend American likhuluma ngezinsizwa nezintombi imiphefumulo yabafileyo, zafinyelela ngokushesha ukuze esibhakabhakeni ukuze esigodlweni Polar Star. Kulabo basaphila, abantu abawuboni, kodwa kungenzeka ukuba bagcine ukukhanya ehlela phezu kwamafu ezulu lapho izakhamizi ukuvula amafasitela. Akwaziwa umlando eliyimfihlakalo, lapho lonke leli dolobhana wathatha ebusuku polar, kusale imizi yabo, ne ukubonakala ukukhazimula ejabhile.

Lesi simo esiyingqayizivele sibangelwa futhi ezinganekwaneni incazelo: lapho amafasitela avuliwe onkulunkulu, babiza kuye abantu abahlala, futhi baya ikhwelo ukuthi iNkanyezi yaseNyakatho, ukuthola lapho isiphephelo zokugcina. It ngempela into engaqondakali zimbozwe nezimfumbe. ososayensi ucwaningo Akwaziwa wazama usebenzisa radar omoya anamandla futhi udale buyinto yokufakelwa, kuhambisana ukudalwa ongaphakeme-izinkundla zamandla omsakazo kagesi ukuthi isinyathelo psyche womuntu. Imisebenzi zazigcinwa ziyimfihlo, futhi lapho ngisho manje kuncane kakhulu ezaziwayo.

Ngesimo izindawo elikhanyayo, efana efwini inkulumo opholile omkhulu izibonelo izenzakalo aurora ukukhanya. Lesi sakamuva avele ngaphansi kukhanya enamandla ngokushesha nje umfutho kulahleka, bayahlukane ku izindawo. Aurora kuyinto emkhathini kukhanya kokuba kazibuthe, nokuxhumana izinhlayiya icala usakaze kusukela corona solar esikhaleni ezizungezile. Phakathi kukhanya, sifana umgubuzelo omkhulu efinyelela wezinkulungwane amakhilomitha emkhathini, kukhona imisinga kagesi zivuse iziphepho magnetic.

Umsindo kanye nemiphumela nokukhanya ezihambisana ukubukeka aurora, njengoba ukubaniza eliqhakazile umsindo bese ujoyina ama-cod, ezithinta imisakazo, ukuze zokuxhumana uphazanyiswa abangajeziswa noma kunqanyulwe isivumelwane ngokuphelele.

Ekuphetheni

Imvelo ezingokomzimba imihlola yokukhanya yaba kuncike uphenyo zabantu kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo. imiphumela Optical ezenzeka izingqimba asemkhathini womhlaba, kubhekwa futhi kuyafaneleka kusukela iphuzu zesayensi of umbono. Izibonelo imihlola ukukhanya physics okwethulwa kulesi ukubuyekeza, futhi akusikho lokho kuphela, ngokuphindiwe Nokho bashaqeka wangempela abantu, ngisho imidwebo eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi kwendle namuhla zichazwe. Baningi izenzakalo yaphindwa ngaphandle kwesibeletho. I play sokukhanya idonse isikhathi eside kuyoba into wokwenama ezinye izizukulwane, zibuka wokukhanya kwelanga noma unyezi ukunikeza iplanethi yethu umbono esiyingqayizivele.