Iyiphi inqubo engcono kakhulu yokudlala?

Noma ubani onentshisekelo ekuthuthukiseni ubuchwepheshe bekhompyutha, ngokuqinisekile wabonisa ukuphikelela okumangalisayo kokuvela kwamakhompiyutha amasha. Amandla weprosesa namakhadi wevidiyo akhula minyaka yonke, futhi abakhiqizi bazisa izixazululo ezihlukahlukene zezobuchwepheshe ezenzelwe ukusheshisa i-computing. Ngokuba umsebenzisi kubonakala ukuthi ayikho isivinini esikhulu, kodwa ijubane lentuthuko lishesha kakhulu kangangokuthi iphathekayo elithengiwe alinaso isikhathi sokuthi lingasebenzi uma imodeli entsha isivele isethengiswa. Ubani onentshisekelo ezakhiweni ezintsha? Impendulo ilula: abalandeli bemidlalo yekhompyutha. Amageyimu amasha aqala ukusebenza ngokwengeziwe, adinga amandla engeziwe wekhompyutha.

Wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi ukusebenza kuxhomeke kuprosesa, ikhadi levidiyo, i-RAM nezinye izingxenye. Ukuphikisana ukuthi yiziphi izinqubo zokudlala ezingcono kumdlalo ongumbongi. Wonke umuntu unombono wakhe, onamathela kuwo. Ngakho ake sibheke imingcele eyisisekelo esisiza ukuthi sinqume ukuthi yikuphi ukucubungula okumele ukhethe kumageyimu.

Njengamanje, abaproseshi abaphakathi (CPUs) bakhiqizwa izinkampani ezimbili ezinkulu - AMD kanye ne-Intel. Ukufunda amanani amafemu ekhompyutha, umthengi kufanele akhethe ukuthi iyiphi iprosesa engcono kakhulu yokudlala. Imikhiqizo yabombili abakhiqizi iphezulu yekhwalithi, evumela ukuveza ngokugcwele ikhono lekhompuyutha.

Uma eminyakeni embalwa eyedlule ijubane lomdlalo lithembeke kakhulu kumvamisa weprosesa, manje akulula kakhulu. Wonke amasha amasha alungiselelwe ama -processor amaningi. Iprosesa enjalo iqukethe eziningana, kodwa kuphakheji elilodwa. Ngezemidlalo, akufanele uthenge umodeli oyedwa-oyinhloko. Kunezinhlobo ezinezinhlamvu ezimbili, ezintathu, ezine noma ngaphezulu. Ngokwemvelo, singacabanga ukuthi ama-cores amaningi ku-processor, aphakama ukusebenza kwawo kahle. Ukukhangisa kugomela ukuthi i-multi-core core (i-Hyper-threading, i-HT), eqaliswa kwezinye izinhlobo ze-Intel, iphishe ibe ngaphansi kwezingqinamba zokucubungula ngokugcwele ezixazululweni zokuncintisana (AMD). Ngempela, imiphumela yokuhlolwa iqinisekisa lokhu, kodwa kuphela uma kuqhathaniswa amamodeli amasha we-HT we-Intel nezizukulwane zangaphambilini ze-AMD, ngakho akuyona umbuzo wokulungisa. Ngakho, impendulo yokuqala embuzweni othi "iyiphi iprosesa engcono kumageyimu" iningi-core.

Esinye sezici eziyinhloko ze-CPU yimivayili yokusebenza, kulinganiswa ku-gigahertz (GHz). Okuphakeme ngaleli xabiso, impendulo esheshayo. Okubalulekile: ukuqhathanisa imvamisa yomsebenzi we-AMD nemikhiqizo ye-Intel ingaba nokubhuka okuthile. Iqiniso liwukuthi umkhiqizi ngamunye usebenzisa ubuchwepheshe bakhe ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kwe- logic, ngakho-ke i-Intel 3 GHz ihluke njalo ngesivinini esiphezulu se-3 GHz AMD. Iyiphi iprosesa engcono? Ngemidlalo, imvamisa enkulu ibalulekile, kodwa, njengoba kubonisiwe kakade, phakathi kwemikhiqizo yimuphi umakhi okhethiwe.

Ingxenye yengonyama ye-processor transistors iyimemori ye-cache. Ngenxa yalokho, ukusebenza kahle kwe-CPU kuye kwanda. Imidlalo yamanje isebenza ngokushesha kumadivayisi ane-cache enkulu, futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe isebenzisa iNqanaba 3 yale nkumbulo. Kungashiwo ngokuqiniseka ukuthi izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi futhi zizosebenza kangcono ukusebenza nabaproseshi abanjalo. Ngakho-ke, ingxenye yesine yombuzo othi "i-processor ingcono kumidlalo" - nge-cache enkulu. Ngokujwayelekile, amamodeli anesilondolozi esengeziwe se-L3 ayashesha kunesimiso sesibili sokuqala (L1 + L2).

Futhi isisombululo esicacile kunazo zonke ukuthenga okuphezulu (inqubo ephezulu, ebiza kakhulu). Izaveli zihlanganisa umsebenzi wezizukulwane zangaphambilini futhi ziyasheshisa umsebenzi wemisha.

Uma ukhetha iprosesa, kufanele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ijubane lokukhishwa kwekhodi yegeyimu ngokuvamile lixhomeke ekuqinisekiseni isofthiwe. Yingakho akekho omangazwe yilokho isimo lapho i-CPU enamandla kakhulu yomkhiqizi oyedwa ingaphansi kwesisombululo esincane, kodwa kwesinye isiqinile.