Isitashi Monomer ukuxhumana?

Chemistry ihlukanisa ezintathu izinhlobo carbohydrate. Lokhu isitashi, cellulose kanye glucose. Starch omele eyinhloko iqembu carbohydrate zemvelo. zamagama kwalo kwenzeka kuzo zonke izitshalo, liwumthombo oyinhloko wamandla nomzimba womuntu. Uyini monomer of isitashi? Okuningi ngalolo ngezansi.

Fields of kwesicelo

Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo impela, isitashi kabanzi emkhakheni wezokwelapha. Zokwelapha isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti enamathela izilonda emathunjini bese mucosal izinqubo ukuvuvukala izitho ezifana amathumbu nasesiswini. ithempulethi yengqikithi kanye eyenza imithi isebenzisa isitashi njengendlela inkomba esiyinhloko iodine. Pharmaceutical Ubuchwepheshe isebenzisa isitashi njengoba yamathebhu, i-ejenti esibophezelayo. Kodwa lokho uxhumano kuyinto monomer of isitashi, kuyathakazelisa eziningi. Ake sihlole kulesi sihloko.

ezweni lethu kuphela Research Center isitashi umkhakha emelelwa Zonke-Russian Research Institute Starch. Itholakala esifundeni eMoscow, futhi umsebenzi wayo eyinhloko kusungulwa izidingo ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ukwenziwa isitashi kusukela okusanhlamvu amazambane, isitashi Ushintshe, isiraphu glucose, fructose isiraphu, nokudla ezempilo ngaphandle amaprotheni. Ngaphezu imisebenzi yocwaningo, VNIIK kuye ukuklama imishini ephambili esetshenziswa embonini isitashi. Ngakho, imisebenzi VNIIK kuthinte insimu enkulu yesayensi, kusukela ucwaningo ukuze yezimboni.

Ngezansi ukubukeka kuyinto monomer of isitashi.

isakhiwo

Uma sicabangela isitashi ngokuya isayensi, limelela omningi ushukela, okuyinto ababuthelwa e iketanga. Lezi ngamaketanga kungaba komugqa noma branched. ezifana main-molecule uchungechunge ngamunye - glucose, okungukuthi into udlala indima eyinhloko umthombo wamandla emzimbeni.

Noma yimuphi uchungechunge olude kangaka ehlanganisa glucose, unalo impahla flex squirm futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe eligoqiwe. Umphumela kumiswa elimbudumbudu ezincane, efana okusanhlamvu kafulawa. Phela, ufulawa, kakhulu limelela nenye isitashi kanye izinto ezahlukene eyayihambisana nalo. Okungukuthi, monomer of isitashi kuyinto glucose.

Uma uthatha le isitashi futhi kuzame e isibhakela futhi deda phakathi iminwe yakho, bese uzozwa creaking eyinqaba. umsindo ezinjalo ekhiqizwa phakathi izinhlayiya isitashi bezihlikihla ngokumelene nomunye: banayo isakhiwo esingashintshi, futhi kanjalo nomthelela ukwa kwenzeka.

Ngo isitshalo eziphilayo kwakhiwa isitashi is uxhumano uchungechunge inombolo ezanele glucose molecule. Ngaphambi lokhu kwenzeka synthesis glucose kusuka carbon dioxide futhi amanzi. Phela, kuyinto monomer engqamuzaneni isitashi.

I izakhiwo isitashi

Ngo izitshalo kakhulu isitashi main amandla webhethri izinqolobane. Yilokhu impahla yayo zingachazwa ngezinqubo yokuthi isitoreji asebenzayo of isitashi senzeka izimpande, nezilimo eziyizigaxa kanye imbewu. Ukubunjwa inhlamvu kakolweni noma corn - ezingaphezu kwesigamu isitashi.

Ake sicabangele Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kanye nesakhiwo isitashi. Isitashi, kanye glycogen kanye cellulose, ingenye abameleli ebaluleke kakhulu iqembu polysaccharides.

polysaccharides

Polysaccharides - kukhona izinto okuyizinto polymers ama-carbohydrate, aqukethe inani elikhulu amayunithi monosaccharide. Inombolo yabo ziyahlukahluka kusuka amashumi amaningana izinkulungwane eziningana. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana kwakwakhe ephezulu yamangqamuzana (BMC), kanye isitashi kuyinto monomer glucose.

Ifomula jikelele

compounds Macromolecular formula jikelele singatlolwa bunjesi:

(C ₆ H ₁₀ O _{5) n,} lapho n kulokhu lingafika ngamakhulu nangezinkulungwane.

Ngaphandle isitashi kuzwakele kubo bonke - ketshezi umbala omhlophe, esakhiwa usayizi encane okusanhlamvu. Starch kuyinto zingaxazululeki emanzini abandayo kodwa oncibilikayo emanzini ashisayo. It has a impahla ukuvuvukala. I izixazululo eziba umphumela kuyizipho ukungaguquguquki viscous Emva lwaluyophola adlulisiwe mass gelatinous ngokuthi unama.

I yokwakheka isitashi , kukhona amafraktjhini ezimbili: amylose futhi amylopectin. Lezi amafraktjhini ezimbili akhiwa α-D-glucose. Ziyahlukahluka bodwa hhayi kuphela isakhiwo iketango ngokwayo, kodwa futhi isibalo glucose izinsalela. Lezi izinsalela monosaccharide zihlangene ngu amabhuloho oxygen. Phakathi kumiswa amaketanga kwenzeka glycosidic hydroxyl nokuxhumana elilodwa-molecule nomunye-molecule i hydroxyl oludakayo. Lapho zisabela isitashi nge isixazululo iodine kuphakama isici staining okwesibhakabhaka. Okungukuthi, abangabantwana yokusabela qualitative ngokwemvelo. Staining ubalekela lapho ikhambi uyabaselwa, futhi kwenzeka uma cool it.

Manje kuyacaca ukuthi kwakwakhe kuyinto monomer of isitashi.

Amylose - a polysaccharide nge chain komugqa zamakhemikhali, ke yakhiwa ezinkulungwane eziningana hexoses (glucose izinsalela), okuyinto kuhlobene α-glycoside isibopho uhlamvu. -X-ray ukuhlaziywa ibonisa ukuthi amylose-molecule has a ilungiselelo Helical. ncamashi ngamunye sokutjhuguluka Kuvunguza amayunithi 6 ethathwe monosaccharides. Ngokwesilinganiso, Helix has ematfuba mayelana 50.

Phakathi ezifana isakhiwo spiralevoy has isiteshi ububanzi of mayelana 0.5 nanometer. Ngaphakathi isiteshi kungenziwa akhiwe namanye amangqamuzana ezilungele ngosayizi. Lo mklamo simele izakhiwo ezikhethekile ezibizwa ngokuthi ukufakwa compounds. Compound ka amylose iodine, kokuba nombala oluhlaza njengesibhakabhaka, ingenye nje zalezi zakhiwo. Uyini monomer of isitashi, sathola ngaphambili.

Amylose futhi amylopectin

Amylose futhi amylopectin babe nse Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali, umehluko yabo eyinhloko phakathi kwawo - isakhiwo ngekwendzawo. i-molecule Amylose esakhiwe asamicwana, isb lwento, kodwa amylopectin-molecule has a isakhiwo branched.

Phakathi amaphuzu ekhelini itholakala cishe 20-25 hexoses. Ubude amylopectin macromolecule elakhiwa mayelana amayunithi 6000 noma ngaphezulu ethathwe monosaccharides.

Ngokuvamile, isitashi yakhiwa 10-20% lamanzi lesibopho. Uma ngokushesha ukufuthelana, kuyoba noqhekeko hydrolytic ka macromolecules namaketanga ezincane zishintshe akhiwa ngenxa yalokho.

Starch main umthombo carbohydrate ekudleni womuntu, yingakho inenani elikhulu kunawo wonke ngesimo ukudla: isinkwa, amazambane, okusanhlamvu. Izinto eziningi ezinkulu, isitashi isetshenziswa umkhakha, isibonelo, isetshenziswa isitokwe Sizing izindwangu (enqubeni sizing) gluing iphepha kanye amakhadibhodi womshini dextrin glue. Emkhakheni wezingalo kohlaziyo-chemistry isitashi isetshenziswa njengenhlangano inkomba ngesikhathi iodometric Titration indlela.

Sithole ukuthi ayinto kuyinto monomer of isitashi.