Isiko Chinese

Duzane kusukela 1871, zezenhlalo, izazi zemvelaphi nenhlalo yabantu, ososayensi ukudala ngeengaba ezahlukene amasiko, okuyinto, ekugcineni, uvele isakhiwo classical, lapho 164 mkhuba emlandweni wesintu ukuwa ngaphansi macroscopic kwencazelo isiko. Lokhu inyunyana ingcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo nezingokomoya, ifa lwesintu, wadala ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa kwalo ngokomlando kanye nomphakathi. Ikakhulukazi eduze kuhlobene ezicini ezingokomoya, njengokuya izincwadi, yobuciko, isayensi, ifilosofi.

isiko Chinese - Zhonghua Wenhua, okubhekiselwa kuzo nangokuthi Huaxia Wenhua (Huaxia - igama lasendulo yezwe) - into eyingqayizivele esimele iqoqo izici ezithile Chinese: ukucabanga, imibono, imibono, futhi samuntu zabo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ezombusazwe, ubuciko, izincwadi, imidwebo , umculo, karate, cuisine.

izici ezintathu ezibalulekile ngempela elichaza ke - kwaqala kudala, embili kanye ukubekezelelana.

Ngempela, iyona endala emlandweni isintu, ekhona iminyaka engaphezu kuka-5,000. isiko Chinese acacisa ezivela emithonjeni ezintathu: Yellow River impucuko, impucuko Omkhulu River (umfula iYangtze), esenyakatho asemaqeleni isiko.

It uhlala ingashintshiwe kusukela buqala. Emlandweni wezwe, izizwe eziningi zaqala omkhulu, amasiko odumile ocebile, kodwa asizange sisinde izikhathi zethu, ngokungafani China.

Zonke amathonya ezizwe ngokuvumelanayo ingxenye isiko Chinese. Emlandweni China alikaze libe nezimpi ezinkulu ngenxa yezizathu zenkolo. izinkolo ezintathu (ubuBuddha, Islam, ubuKristu) anikezwa ngokukhululekile on ensimini ezingxenyeni ezikude zombuso.

Injwayelo yokufuna ukuba kuleli zwe ukuze uhlukanise zigaba ezilandelayo: Elite, lasendulo, zanamuhla, futhi abantu.

Elite isiko Chinese - uhlobo thematic. Lihlobene nokubhekana ubuso abanegama umlando wezwe, owaba negalelo elikhulu kakhulu ukukhula kwawo.

isiko oMdala China, okuyinto ingxenye ebaluleke kakhulu isiko Chinese ngokuvamile, oluthathwa by isikhathi (noma lwamakhosi) kusukela ngesikhathi sokubusa wemindeni ezintathu Xia, Shang, Zhou naphambi 1840 (ekuqaleni lokuqala Opium War). Futhi ngokuvumelana izici ejwayelekile: isiko Chinese calligraphy, imidwebo, umculo, opera, imfundo, ifilosofi, ezomnotho, kwezesayensi, ezombangazwe njalo njalo.

Ezizukulwaneni, abacwaningi uyavuma ukuthi amandla yesimanje nezomnotho kuleli zwe incike yokuthi China endulo wakwazi ukwakha nokugcina isiko okukhulu, sibonga umphakathi multi-yobuhlanga lapho kukhona ukuzinza nokuzwana.

EChina, ekhaya ukuze kwamaqembu ezinhlanga 56, ngamunye wabo siqu yayo, yasendulo, namasiko. Folk umculo, umdanso, imikhuba nezinkolelo, izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane, ubuciko kanye izakhiwo.

isiko zasendulo nezanamuhla uhlukanisa ngokulandelana ekuqaleni Opium War phakathi WaseBrithani neChina phakathi nokubusa Qing BakwaHan (1636-1911). Ingqophamlando ngezigaba uhambelana ekuqaleni emlandweni wanamuhla yezwe, okokuqala kube khona ukuphazamiseka ezindabeni zayo zangaphakathi lwamazwe angaphandle.

Contemporary isiko Chinese - "ngiyingane wegazi elixutshiwe, 'a' imfundo 'ngokuhlanganyela kanye namasiko Western.

Uyini quintessence of isiko Chinese?

1. Okokuqala, kuba uhlelo lokuziphatha Confucian, okuyinto uthathwa njengomgcini Inkulumo eliphezulu kakhulu isiko Chinese. Kabanzi ifilosofi post-Confucian futhi Confucian kwaba yencazelo zakudala "Lee".

"Li" akuyona into ethize, kodwa kunalokho elufifi, libhekisela yimiphi wokuziphilisa nemisebenzi yezenhlalakahle zokuphila kwansuku zonke, ezingaholela lifana Western wacabanga welithi "isiko". Lokhu yezenhlalakahle amasiko, imikhuba, amasiko, indlela yokuziphatha kanye ukuziphatha. Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuthi nakuba izwi "uma" lihunyushwa ngokuthi "isiko", linencazelo ezikhethekile ubuConfucius (njengoba kuqhathaniswa izindinganiso zenkolo evamile). Ngo ubuConfucius izenzo ekuphileni kwansuku zonke ezibhekwa isiko. Abanaso ngempela kufanele ihlelwe, kodwa inqubo evamile, okuyisidina, umsebenzi mechanical kwenziwe, into abantu uyaqaphela noma ngokungazi bahlanganyele ngesikhathi ukuphila kwabo okuvamile. Rituals ( "Lee") ngeke ukuhlela umphakathi omuhle, okuyinto ingenye yezinjongo eziyinhloko ubuConfucius.

2. imiqondo Basic mayelana nohlobo lwabantu, zavela Mencius, owathi kukhona ubuhle isegazini zekhwalithi womuntu, okuyinto edinga kuphela omuhle nomthelela umphakathi.

3. Imfundiso uthando jikelele Mo tzu.

4. Tao futhi Te - Izimiso ezimbili Philosophy of Lao-tzu.

5. Imibono bobunjwa we Han Fei.

Zonke lezi zinkolelo-mbono ezakhiwa esekelwe okutholwe okukhethekileko yomuntu kanye nemvelo. Isiko Ezingokomoya of China livela ezihlukahlukene namasiko zefilosofi ngemibono. Lapho amakhosi ohlanga kuqala impilo yenkolo babeba nethonya elikhulu kubantu nemimoya. imibono zaba nethonya ukubonakaliswa kamuva kwamasiko ezifana yokukhulekelwa kukankulunkulukazi okhokho kanye ifilosofi yemvelo.