Isikhumbuzo noCatherine wase-Odessa nakwamanye amadolobha

Le ngxenye nakumasiko yezwe isendaweni abadumile Catherine Square zomuzi, etholakala eningizimu ye-Ukraine. Eceleni kwakhe, futhi imele isikhumbuzo of uCatherine Abangane Omkhulu, futhi lihambisana, futhi abasunguli Odessa - de flounces, de Ribas, Potemkin namazinyo.

I isinyathelo lakhiwa ngo-1900 futhi adiliza ku 1920. Ngo-2007 kwaba khona ukubuyiselwa lesikhumbuzo, okuyinto kubange nemiphumela emibi zezombusazwe.

Amaqiniso kusukela umlando lesikhumbuzo

Njengoba ayaziwa e 1794 ngomyalo wabaholi uCatherine II yaqala ukwakhiwa nedolobha, kamuva eyabizwa ngokuthi i-Odessa. Ngemva kweminyaka engu-200, abakhileyo kulo muzi yamisa lesikhumbuzo behlonipha iNdlovukazi, okuyinto efakwe isikwele eponymous. Khona-ke amaBolshevik liqala ukubusa, futhi kwanqunywa ukuba ahlukanisa. Eziqoshwe de Volan, de Ribas, Potemkin namazinyo - ukuwudlulisela umlando wendawo Museum, futhi statue uCatherine Omkhulu - ukubhubhisa.

Ngo-1965, ku-okufanayo Catherine Square yamisa lesikhumbuzo entsha, okuyinto lunikezelwe iminyaka engu-60 lokhu kubhikisha of amatilosi yempi edume "Potemkin".

2007 kwaphawulwa yokuthi iziphathimandla idolobha selinqume lokuphinda lesikhumbuzo noCatherine wase-Odessa njengendlela intela ukuze abasunguli kwalo muzi. Umxhasi yephrojekthi esenziwa R. Tarpan (idolobha eyilungu lomphakathi). Isikhumbuzo "Potemkintsam - inzalo" baye bathuthela ku amasiko endaweni. Eziqoshiwe kanye uCatherine II, nabangane baso wabuyela endaweni yalo efanele. Ngenxa ukulahlekelwa ekuqaleni we lesikhumbuzo (Empress ikhanda) kwanqunywa ukukhiqiza into ezingekho futhi.

Yini waphenduka kuvulwa enkulu lesikhumbuzo

Ngo-October walowo nyaka ofanayo wethulwa izakhamuzi lesikhumbuzo ukuze uCatherine Omkhulu. Lo mcimbi kwakulandelwa rally futhi abasekeli kanye nezitha imvuselelo emagugu emasiko yezwe.

Abashisekeli bezwe lase-Ukraine wafika ngaphambili bazama ukuphazamisa ukwakhiwa lesikhumbuzo wokhelwa eyayigcwele Empress ngezingxabano nangokulwa bezomthetho. Nazo ngokufanayo, oluqondiswa ku umbono wabo, amaqiniso indaba iNdlovukazi ngokungafanele ziyoncibilika Sich futhi njalo usebenze njengomahluleli i "wesahlulelo abantu Ukraine."

Kanjani lokhu lesikhumbuzo

2 lesikhumbuzo noCatherine wase-Odessa lakhiwa ngayo lokho esigcawini igama elifanayo akwenzekanga ngephutha. Ingenye yezindawo ezinhle kakhulu kuleli dolobha. endaweni Catherine, kanye somlando we Ensemble nge izitebhisi Potemkin, noma ngaphezulu ngokunembile okuyingxenye layo elingenhla (igama lolungakahleleki elihlobene ne impumelelo ifilimu Eisenstein). Yena wakha lesikhumbuzo zethusi ukusiza iNkosana u - Duke de Richelieu (Governor-Jikelele e-Odessa 1805-1814 GG.).

izinyathelo Parallel Potemkin Izinyathelo kabusha kuphela original design funicular eyaziwa kokuba enqoleni ezimbili ezitjhelelako yanjalo ngezindlela ezimbili - phezulu, phansi. Bafaka nokuvumelana ngesikhathi Soviet inkathi escalators ukuthi lutho ngenxa umonakalo kuka wathutha ngokugcwele. Okwamanje, okuqukethwe imoto ikhebula eyenziwa ehhovisi lomphathi-dolobha izindawo, futhi ukugibela khulula.

Ukubaluleka lokubuyiselwa somlando

Potemkin Izitebhisi ngu kummango elihlobene ne kwakhiwe Maritime Station, kanye nokufinyelela kule ndawo yokugibela imikhumbi olunothile, okuyinto kabusha idenge lenkangala elimile afabana umgibeli liner ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Konke okungenhla kudala yezakhiwo Ensemble mlando olulodwa. Ukuze kabusha lesikhumbuzo noCatherine wase-Odessa nabangane baso - kusho ukuba sifeze izinyathelo kuqala maqondana nokubuyiselwa abakhi ezibaluleke kakhulu Odessa isikhungo zomlando zomuzi elinendawo esidlule colorful kakhulu.

Biography of uCatherine Omkhulu

Ngaphambili, yena owawuyinkosazana we ubukhulu German Anhalt-Zerbst. Igama lakhe kwakungu UZandile Augusta Frederica. Wakhuliswa e 1744 eRussia futhi washada. eyingoduso wakhe kwaba indlalifa yesihlalo sobukhosi isiRashiya, Grand Duke uPetru Fedorovich. Lokhu kwalandelwa Isiqinisekiso, lapho UZandile Augusta Frederica wabhapathizwa enegama yobuKristu Catherine A .. Masinyane lo dade wavula kakhulu iwine uzwela kokubili enkantolo futhi lonke unogada.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngo-Catherine A. Guard nabafowabo UGregory Alekseya Orlovyh, owayehola ngesakhiwo, wagumbuqela sobukhosi koMbusi uPetru III umyeni wakhe. Futhi 1762 ke yagcotshwa ngaphansi kwegama Elikhulu uCatherine II.

Uquketheni iNdlovukazi

Abakwazi aqoqwe ohlwini elandelayo, okuyilezi:

1. Ikhiphe lombhalo yabakhulu amalungelo.
2. Phakathi yokubusa kwakhe kufezeke ongumlimi impi, egcwele umholi Emelyan Pugachev.
3. Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi wokubusa uCatherine Omkhulu eRussia banamathela: eCrimea, Northern eCaucasus, Northern Black Sea Coast, Belarusian, Lithuanian namazwe West Ukraine.
4. Ngokusho esinqumweni Empress, uyekwa Ukraine hetman.
5. ukuvalwa Zaporizhzhya Sich Yenziwa.
6. Kwakheka Black Sea Cossacks. Esikhathini isici wezomthetho abaholi kwalo ulinganiswa ukuthinta izicukuthwane kuphela.
7. UCatherine II kusungulwa ekolishi wezokwelapha kanye eyakhelwe ngaphezu izibhedlela kweshumi.
8. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kwakhe zifaka isethulo yokugoma ngokumelene ingxibongo.
9. lonke inethiwekhi zokukhosela izintandane yadalwa.
10. Phakathi nokubusa kwakhe eyasungulwa wezwe Russian Academy lokuqala Sciences.

Kuyaziwa ukuthi eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila iNdlovukazi uCatherine II esichithwa ukunakekela umuzi wadala okuthiwa Odessa ke. It wafuna bakhona kwaba ogxile ngamazwe. Sihlale njalo siqaphele ukwakhiwa Odessa futhi ukunikeza wonke kungenzeka futhi kuzo ukusekelwa ngezinto ezibonakalayo futhi zokuziphatha.

Ngakho, akekho akungabazeki ngokunemba ngesinqumo kabusha ukusungula ukubaluleka zomlando njengoba lesikhumbuzo noCatherine 2. Odessa, yayakhiwe ngakwesokudla.

Indlela abhebhezela inkumbulo iNdlovukazi Podolsk

lesikhumbuzo wakhe elimiswe Septhemba 2008 esigcawini eponymous. Sici Its ethize izenzo ke njengoba emelelwa iNdlovukazi - emsebenzini, ukuqhathaniswa nalokho okuboniswe lesikhumbuzo noCatherine Odessa - ngeqholo ubuka phansi nabantu bedlula.

Ababhali ethumba lapho yena ngemvume incwadi ebalulekile - esinqumweni Okthoba 5, 1781, lapho iNdlovukazi wayala ekusungulweni emzini Podolsk. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo imele umphumela imisebenzi ngokuhlanganyela Aleksandra Rozhnikova futhi Nicholas Pestova. Ukuze enembile, wona kanye umqondo wokuthandana ukubaluleka zomlando fanele Pestova, futhi owawusekelwe kuwo Rožnik. Cishe ababili amathani ukala zethusi lesikhumbuzo noCatherine. Podolsk, nakuba akulona idolobha lapho kwakheka, kodwa igalelo lalo iNdlovukazi alethwe ukuthuthukiswa okukhulu.

Petersburg: litje lesikhumbuto Catherine

Lokhu ifa zomlando kubonakala enhloko-dolobha Northern. Petersburg, phezu edumile Ostrovsky Square ngo-1873 Kwakhiwa isikhumbuzo uCatherine II. Umqondo ukwakha lesikhumbuzo noCatherine Petersburg kwavela ukuthi ngemva kweminyaka eyikhulu obhekwe iNdlovukazi okwakufanele abe inkosi.

Abalobi lokhu ebaziwe eyenziwe abaculi abadumile Russian kanye Okugweda: Mikhail Mikeshin, Matvey Chizhov, u-Alexander Opekushin, kanye abaklami - Dzhozef Abuhlungu noVictor Shterer. Stone womshini egwadle isinyathelo walethwa ngokukhethekile kusukela ogwini Karelian Isthmus. Ngenxa yalesi kwaba okudingeka izithathe ukuze ixazulule indlela phezu kwamanzi kuze kube Petersburg iNeva River. Ukuze akhulule itshe endaweni efanele, kwakudingekile ukuba abeke ojantshi.

Ukuqopha ukuphakama Empress ka 4,35 m. I lesikhumbuzo ukuze uCatherine II ethulwa esifanekisweni yayo emide. Esandleni sakhe sokunene yena lisiphatheleni intonga, futhi kwesokunxele - umqhele umfire. Ngasezinyaweni zakhe, ngokomfanekiso elise Umqhele of the Empire, isiRashiya, futhi esifubeni sakhe - Order of Andreya Pervozvannogo.

Abangane of iNdlovukazi

izibalo zabo ziyisiliva ngezansi round isinyathelo, ikakhulu:

• imbongi kanye sikahulumeni UGavrilă Derzhavin;
• wezempi Russian Bala Alexei Orlov-Chesmensky;
• Isikhulu sikahulumeni Bala uPyotr Rumyantsev;
• umlawuli omkhulu Russian futhi iqhawe lethu kazwelonke Alexander Suvorov;
• Isikhulu sikahulumeni futhi oluthandayo iNdlovukazi UGrigory Potemkin ;
• isihloli Russian futhi Admiral Vasily Chichyagov;
• Princess Ekaterina Dashkova;
• UMongameli we-Imperial Academy of Arts Ivan Betskoi;
• ohlakaniphile Alexander Bezborodko.

It wanquma kabusha lesikhumbuzo ukuze Catherine e Simferopol

Wayelethwa abazinikele e-October 1890 Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo imelelwa kwesithombe iNdlovukazi esisekelweni. Eduze kwesithombe uCatherine II abangane bayo: G. Potemkin-Tauride, V. Dolgorukov-Krymsky, u-Alexander Suvorov futhi I. Bulgakov. Babegcizelela kakhulu yomzamo eCrimea baba ingxenye yoMbuso isiRashiya, futhi enhlonhlweni uvele Simferopol.

Le ehlobo, imeya yalezi zedolobha zikhipha isimemezelo ngesinqumo ukubuyisa le zomlando eziligugu. Siza e inqubo recreating lesikhumbuzo ezihlongozwayo umqophi Zurab Tsereteli.

Itshe lesikhumbuzo esisanda kubuyiselwa ukuba iNdlovukazi e Krasnodar

Kwakuthinta elakhiwa ngo-1907, futhi ngo-1920 - libhujiswa amaBolshevik. Isikhumbuzo noCatherine Krasnodar elibuyiselwe obungagutshuzelwe ngokufanele ngo-2006

Yaklanyelwa behlonipha weminyaka engu 200th we Kuban Cossack Army (1895), umdwebi odumile futhi umqophi Mihailom Mikeshinym. Ukuvulwa grand yefa oyingqophamlando waqhutshelwa ngenyanga ka Meyi 1907

Ngenxa lesikhumbuzo noCatherine wase-Odessa, lokhu lesikhumbuzo imelelwa kwesithombe iNdlovukazi esisekelweni. Wagqoka izingubo zasebukhosini onsomi futhi eziphethe intonga zikhipha. I olungaphambili lwesonto isinyathelo wethule Charter kwesokunxele 1792 uCatherine II ku isizinda zonke izinhlobo impi amafulegi nezimpawu lempi ukuboniswa Duke futhi eyithandayo Potemkin-Tauride, futhi ilungelo - izikhulu lokuqala Cossack Anton Holovaty, Zahariy Chepega Sidor nobumhlophe. Ngemuva lesikhumbuzo imelelwa Kobzar izimpumputhe isiqondiso kanye nohlu ngokunqoba ukuthi abangu iwine eRussia ukubanjwa kweqhaza Kuban Cossacks.

Itshe lesikhumbuzo okudalwe - umsebenzi umqophi Alexander Kuban Apollo. Phakathi senqubo yokukhiqiza of lesikhumbuzo waqondisa asinazo izithombe zethusi yokuqala, kanye onobuhle, imidwebo kanye imibhalo ezigciniwe. Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo senziwe workshop yobuciko Castings Rostov University.