Isaziso kusiphequluli sakho - kuyini?

Abasebenzisi abaningi Inthanethi uyazibuza: "Isaziso isiphequluli - kuyini?" Ibonisa isitayela esithile ezingosini ze-Internet, lapho isicelo ukuthengiselana okuqalwe iseva emaphakathi. Lokhu sihlukile kolunye uhlangothi idatha, lapho isicelo ukudluliswa kolwazi iqalwa umamukeli noma ikhasimende.

Ukuze isaziso ngokuvamile amasevisi zisekelwe ulwazi izintandokazi uzwakalise kusengaphambili. Lona imodeli ukuthenga kushicilelwe. Iklayenti "kubhala" Imininingwane "iziteshi" yakhe ehlukahlukene obunikezwa iseva. Noma nini okuqukethwe okusha kutholakala ngolunye lwezinsuku lezo iziteshi, iseva ithumela lolu lwazi kuye. Isaziso kusiphequluli ngezinye izikhathi emulates inqubo inhlolovo, ikakhulukazi ezimweni lapho nombuzo real akunakwenzeka - ngokwesibonelo, kwi website ye izinqubomgomo zokuphepha sina okudinga ukwenqaba engenayo izicelo HTTP / S.

Umgomo we operation

umhlangano evumelanisiwe futhi bethumelelana imiyalezo ngokushesha izibonelo salokho kubonakala sengathi isaziso. Kuyini futhi asebenze kanjani? Umlayezo wengxoxo futhi ngezinye izikhathi amafayela ayaduduleka umsebenzisi ngokushesha nje lapho yamukelwa messaging service. Bobabili endlalekile peer-to-LVS nezinhlelo eyodwa (njenge-IRC noma XMPP) ukuvumela amafayela "push". Lokhu kusho ukuthi igama umthumeli omula ukudluliswa kwedatha kunokuba umamukeli.

E-mail kungaba futhi sisebenze isaziso - SMTP olandelwayo kuyinto, empeleni "push". Noma kunjalo, "isitebhisi" zokugcina kusukela seva kukhompyutha ngokuvamile kwenza wokudonsa olandelwayo efana POP3 noma IMAP. Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo-IMAP ihlanganisa Idle-umyalo, okuyinto kuvumele iseva ukuthi azise ikhasimende ngombiko ongenayo. I-BlackBerry wokuqala yayingacacile idivayisi lokuqala athandwayo, lapho isaziso ubelokhu kusiphequluli. Kuyini kulezi amagajethi - kungabonwa ku Ikheli le-imeyili (wireless).

Yini kwaba ngaphambi?

Esinye isibonelo PointCast wenethiwekhi wayaziwa ngo-1990. Inikeza izindaba kanye stock market idatha. Futhi i-Netscape, futhi izicelo Microsoft ukuhlanganisa kube isofthiwe yabo nguqulo yesiphequluli zabo ngamunye, kodwa ayikaze ethandwa, futhi kamuva wanyamalala ngokuphelele. Iziphequluli kamuva esikhundleni lesi sici kowezi-2000 RSS - okubhaliselwe uhlelo, lapho kukhona isaziso okuthuthukile kusiphequluli. Kuyini idatha okubhaliselwe - uyazi zonke umfundi blogs.

ukusetshenziswa Okunye isaziso anikezwe amandla isilondolozi webhu kuhlanganisa ulwazi idatha emakethe (stock amanani), Internet kanye isistimu yomlayezo (WebChat), izindali, ukubheja inthanethi nemidlalo, ukubhejela ezemidlalo, aduduze ukuqapha kanye nokunye okufana nalokho.

Isaziso isiphequluli - okungukuthi namuhla?

Isaziso ngomyalezo IEFT is a protocol elula esebenzisa HTTP / 2 ukuletha izaziso osheshayo (i namakholi angenayo imiyalezo). Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo ihlanganisa yonke imicimbi yesikhathi sangempela esidakayo zilandelana, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kahle ukusetshenziswa enethiwekhi nawomsakazo imithombo. Eyodwa-stop service ehlanganisa yonke imicimbi iwukusakaza izicelo zabo njengoba zitholakala. Lokhu kudinga esisodwa kuphela, ngaleyo ndlela sigweme sadlala ngesikhathi nomthamo.

Isaziso kusiphequluli sakho - isuka iphuzu lobuchwepheshe umbono?

HTTP isaziso (owaziwa nangokuthi ukusakaza HTTP) iyi-yokuba ukuthumela idatha kusuka kusiphequluli seseva Web. It ingatholakala kunoma yiziphi izindlela eziningana. Ngokuvamile, i-web server akusho sokuqeda uxhumano emva kwesaziso wathunyelwa iklayenti. Iseva yewebhu eshiya uxhumano evulekile, futhi uma kwenzeka umcimbi omusha (isibonelo, ngokushintsha idatha ethunyelwe esigijimini) uboniswa kweso. Kungenjalo, umcimbi uyoba emugqeni kuze kube isicelo iklayenti olandelayo sitholwa.

Iningi amaseva ewebhu anikela lesi sici usebenzisa CGI (isibonelo, Non-silandelwe unhlokweni izikripthi ku-Apache). Mshini esikiselwa lendlela esephepheni block yokudlulisela. Isibonelo zakudala isaziso kusiphequluli "bomshado". Kuyini kule sayithi? Eyokuqala ulwazi mayelana imiyalezo engenayo kanye namamaki "Like".

tindlela

Esinye isimiso esikwazi lihlotshaniswa ethile uhlobo lwe-MIME, okuyinto ibizwa ngokuthi esikhundleni multi-ngxenye. Waqale ethulwa ngo-1995, i-Netscape, isiphequluli "on the fly" lishintsha idokhumenti noma nini inguqulo entsha ku-server sitholwa. Namanje zisekelwa Firefox, Opera, ne-Safari, kanye namuhla, kodwa hhayi ku-Internet Explorer. Le ndlela yokwenza singasebenza HTML-imibhalo futhi yokusakaza izithombe zokusebenza webcam.

WHATWG Web Izicelo 1.0 kuhlanganisa indlela ukuthi ihlose ushintshe okuqukethwe iklayenti. Ubelokhu eyaziwa kusukela ngo-September 1, 2006, lapho Opera isiphequluli sewebhu ukusebenzisa le ndlela uhlelo olusha zokuhlola okuthiwa Iseva-SentEvents. Yena njengamanje zilandele izilinganiso ezithile njengengxenye ye-HTML5. Kule ndlela, iseva isebenzisa eziphikelelayo HTTP uxhumano, okuholela impendulo ihlala njalo "evulekile" (ie, iseva Akupheli impendulo), ngempumelelo "yokulutha" kusiphequluli sakho. Ngakho, isicelo njalo uhlala ukuqalisa imodi, emva ikhasi uwuvule egcwele. Iseva ke ngezikhathi ithumela amazwibela-JavaScript ukuze ubuyekeze kokuqukethwe ekhasini, nokuzokwenza isaziso. Ukusebenzisa ithekhniki le, iklayenti ayidingi Java applets noma ezinye izijobelelo ukulibeka ukuvula uxhumano kwiseva - iklayenti ithola ngokuzenzakalela isaziso mayelana nemicimbi elisha elizayo kwiseva. Nokho, kunesidalwa esisodwa esingaphezu kusimo enkulu le ndlela, ukungabi khona ukulawula ngesikhathi leseva lesiphequluli. Ukubuyekeza ikhasi njalo kunesidingo uma kukhona sokuvala ekhasini evulekile.

inkumbulo idatha

ngekhanda inqubo ngokwako akusona isaziso esifanele. It kuphela ikuvumela sokulingisa indlela isaziso endaweni lapho akunakwenzeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ku-olinde izinqubomgomo zokuphepha amasayithi adinga kwenqatshwa kusukela engenayo izicelo HTTP / S. Kuyinto engenakwenzeka isaziso kusiphequluli (okungukuthi, futhi isebenza kanjani - bheka isithombe esingenhla). Kulokhu, iklayenti ocela ulwazi ngokufana ncamashí ngendlela nombuzo evamile, kodwa ngenxa okulindelwe iseva Awukwazi ukuphendula ngokushesha. Uma iseva akanayo ulwazi olusha ukuze iklayenti uma isicelo samukelwe - esikhundleni kokuba ukuthumela impendulo ezingenalutho, isicelo uvuliwe, okulindile ulwazi olusha. Uma avele idatha efana, wayihlukumeza kakhulu masinyane, ithumela HTTP / S ekuphenduleni iklayenti, kokuqeda ukuvula uxhumano.

Emva kokuthola ikhasimende ngokuvamile ngokushesha ikhipha isicelo komunye Impendulo yeseva. Ngakho, ngokwesilinganiso impendulo ukubambezeleka kwesikhathi (isikhathi phakathi lapho ulwazi iba etholakalayo, isicelo iklayenti olandelayo) ephathelene ukufika izicelo, ke ayifakiwe.

-XML Socket

Isaziso kusiphequluli sakho, ezisebenza ngosizo le ndlela, wasebenzisa cBox nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ukungena ezingenanjongo. Isebenzisa-XML Socket izinto amafayela isingle-pixel AdobeFlash. Ngaphansi kokulawula iklayenti ye-JavaScript usungula TCP uxhumano ISIZINDA unidirectional on the server. Cela kulokhu uhlala engafundiwe, esikhundleni, engeyokuqala ithumela iklayenti isihlonzi esehlukile ngokushesha. isicelo se-HTTP senziwa bese iseva web, equkethe isihlonzi etholwe. Isicelo web kungaba ke ukukhipha umyalezo ziqondiswe iklayenti ku lendawo esibonakalayo edluliselwe iseva, okuyinto adlulisele kubo nge-flash. Buhle lendlela ngukutsi lisebenzisa asymmetry kwemvelo kokufunda-bhala.

Lena ejwayelekile kwezicelo abaningi web-based, kuhlanganise zengevu, futhi, ngenxa yalokho, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kahle eliphezulu. Ngoba ngenxa yokuthi yena alamukeli idatha enethiwekhi aphumayo, iseva ayidingekile ukufuna aphumayo TCP uxhumano, esenza kwenzeke ukusungulwa amashumi ezinkulungwane ukuxhumana kanyekanye. Ngakho kukhona isaziso isiphequluli kwi "Ofunda nabo" kumasevisi athile Site.

amasevisi isaziso Iyatholakala

Lesi sici itholakala ku amasevisi amaningi ukusekela compounds eshiwo ngenhla. Njengoba kakade kushiwo, isaziso isiphequluli - kuba ithuba lokuthola imiyalezo esheshayo nezaziso, ngaphandle kabusha ikhasi. Services, lapho lo mshini utholakala, zihlanganisa:

• Apple Isaziso Service.
• -Google Cloud Messaging.
• "Ofunda nabo".
• Facebook.
• Xtremepush.
• Amazon SNS.