Isambulo somculo siyi-nocturne. Lokhu kuyiphupho, lokhu kungukuphila, lokhu kungukuvuma

I-Nocturne ayilona igama lomuntu oyithandayo wezinwele noma isitolo sekhekhe esisha ekhoneni. Lokhu akusilo isilawuli sezinkondlo, hhayi igama le-candy oyikhonzile noma ikhofi enomnandi. Umqondo we "nocturne" weza kithi uvela eYurophu, futhi okuhunyushwa kusuka eFrance kusho "ebusuku". Mhlawumbe, yingakho okokuqala ngqá kuthathwa ubusuku bunye ukuze kusebenze kusihlwa, ukuma ngaphansi kwamafasitela enkosikazi yenhliziyo.

I-Nocturne njengoba kunjalo

Iningi lezincwadi zomculo lisho ukuthi "i-nocturne" ihunyushwa njengengxenye encane yokudlala yomlingiswa ophusayo nge-tempo elula futhi elula, kanye nendlela yokusebenza enhle neyothando.

Umsebenzi wokuthula womculo othulile uncibilikisa ngamazwi ayo nomculo ogqamile, uveza imicabango ngekusasa eliqhakazile noma uthumele izinkumbulo ezifudumele zezinjabulo zokuphila ezweni.

Lezi zinsuku zihlanganisa izingxenye eziningana, ngokuvamile zintathu - ngokuvamile lokhu kuyisethulo esithulile, ingxenye yesibili enemifanekiso enemifanekiso, futhi i-nocturne ikhipha ukuthula okufanayo, njengasekuqaleni, umculo wesigcawu sesithathu, ngezinye izikhathi kuhambisane nezitolo ezinkulu. Zincane futhi kulula kakhulu ukuzibona, zemizwelo.

Imisindo yesikhathi esidlule

Ake sibone ukuthi abantu abaneminyaka yobudala abahlukene baqonda kanjani ukuthi yi-nocturne. Ngezinkathi eziphakathi, i- nocturne yayibizwa ngokuthi yizinhlobo zenkolo, ngakho-ke yadlala imisebenzi enjalo kuphela ekuseni. Ukuthuthukiswa kwakhe okuyinhloko njengengoma yomculo ayitholile emakhulwini eminyaka alandelayo.

Ngo-XVIII nocturne yidlala encane eyenziwa kuphela emoyeni ovulekile futhi ephethe uhlamvu oluhlukahlukene. Ngokuvamile wayedlala ukudlala, ehlukumeza, ejabulisa, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho edlala. Ekupheleni kwayo, njalo kuzwakala amanothi omyalo, owaxwayisa abalaleli mayelana nokuhamba kwabaculi. Bakha ama-nocturnes ngezinsimbi ezihlukahlukene, njengomthetho, zenziwa ngama-orchestra ngezingcingo zomoya noma izintambo.

Ikhulu le-XIX, okokuqala, lihlotshaniswa negama lomqambi wase-Ireland uJohn Field. Wayengowokuqala ukusebenzisa igama lesiFulentshi "nocturne," hhayi nje ukulifaka ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, kodwa futhi wagcwalisa umqondo ngencazelo entsha. Wakha imisebenzi eyishumi nesishiyagalolunye, izingoma ezinezicucu zomsindo ocebile, futhi zigcwele uthando, ukuncoma kanye namanothi asuka enhliziyweni. Abaculi baleso sikhathi bakha izisusa ezinokuthula, ezibushelelezi nezicabangela. Emisebenzini yabo bazama ukuveza yonke imizwa nemizwelo umuntu angayithola.

F.F. Chopin

Umbono we-nocturne uhlobene ngokungahambisani nomsebenzi we-pianist onethalente futhi onobumnandi obukhulu uFrederic Chopin. Mhlawumbe, nguye owayengcono kakhulu kulolu lwazi lomculo. Umqambi wabhala ama-20 ahlukene futhi emangalisa ngesimo sebusuku. Ziyizansi futhi zithintekile, zibuhlungu futhi zicabange, zikhuni futhi zithakazelisa, zizolile futhi zivinjelwe. Omunye wemisebenzi ka-Chopin engcono kakhulu futhi engakhohlwayo kule hlobo lomculo yi-nocturne ku-D flat enkulu. Ukuqakatheka kwayo ukuthi engxenyeni yokugcina yekhanyisa, isihloko sokwemvelo nokuthakazelisayo komsebenzi, inkhulumomphendvulwano izwakala.

Haydn

Kucatshangelwe kahle ukuthi ummeli omuhle wesikole saseViennese - uFranz Josef Hyde. I-Nocturne ekusebenzeni kwakhe ibilokhu ikhonjwe ngendlela ekhethekile yokukhiqiza. Bakha izingqungquthela eziningana zomculo zomculo zomculo wokuxubana, futhi, okubaluleke kakhulu okumele kuqashelwe, lokhu kwenziwa ngesicelo seNkosi yaseNaples ngokwakhe.

Ngaphezu kukaFrederic Chopin noJoseph Haydn, abakhiqizi abahloniphekile baseYurophu aseYurophu njengo-E. Grieg, F. Uhlu, uR. R. Schumann nabanye abaningi babhekisela kuloluhlobo lwebusuku.

I-Nocturne. I-Glinka

Uhlobo lwe-lyric nocturne emsebenzini wabakhiqizi baseRussia lwaluyisimo esiyingqayizivele. Ukuze sikuqonde kangcono, ake sibuyele ekuhlangenwe nakho komculi omkhulu - uMikhail Ivanovich Glinka.

Ngobusuku bokudlala upiyano, ngokuyinhloko izingoma zakhe ezikhunjulwayo, ngoba wayeyinkosi engavumelekile yamakhiya amnyama namhlophe. Ngokweqhaza lomculi omncane we-lyrical wabhala imisebenzi eminingana emangalisayo. Futhi owokuqala phakathi kwabo ukhumbula engqondweni kaNocturne of Separation, eyanikezelwa udadewabo u-Elizabeth Ivanovna Fleury. Ukubunjwa kuphefumulela imizwelo, kuhluke ukuguqulwa okubushelelezi nokuhlelwa kwemiyalezo, ukuthintana nokuzwela. I-masterpiece ebonakalayo ayiyona nje isibonelo esihle kakhulu sekhono lezinsimbi, kodwa futhi nesibonelo sangempela se-lyric genre yesimanje, indlela eyaqala ukuvula umculo ovelele we-piano umculo - uMikhail Glinka.

Izici zangempela nezinkimbinkimbi zezingoma nazo zitholakala emasontweni alabo abashaya abahlonishwayo baseRussia njengoScriabin, Balakirev, Rachmaninov, Tchaikovsky.

I-Nocturne osukwini lwethu

Izingoma zanamuhla ziye zathola izinguquko eziningana, zihluke ngokuphelele kumaphethini avamile emakhulwini eminyaka adlule. Namuhla, i-nocturne, kunalokho, umqondo ongokomfanekiso, ohlanganisa ingxube yezitayela zomculo ohlukahlukene. Kungase kuzwakale ku-conservatory noma eHolharmonic Hall, eyenziwa yi-orchestra ye-classical, nasezindaweni zekhonsathi zezwe ngendlela engavamile yokuzizwa ngezwi. Isibonelo esihle kule ndaba yizinkulumo zikaMuslim Magomayev, uJoseph Kobzon, uValeria nabanye abaningi.

Umsebenzi omncane wezinsimbi ezinamagama amanothi futhi omculo angathinta ngisho nenhliziyo enzima kakhulu. I-Nocturne ayiyona nje indalo yomculo. Lokhu kukuqashelwa okukhethekile, ukuvuma kwangempela okubamba izintambo ezincane zomphefumulo womuntu futhi kukuvumela ukuba ujabulele ingoma engavamile engokwenyama ngomlingiswa ophilayo.