IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela Internet: yini okufanele uyenze?

Nakuba namuhla i-protocol ezijwayeleke kakhulu World Wide Ukufinyelela iwebhu nedatha yokudlulisela kusho IPv4 (okungenani izinhlelo Windows-based), ukuthuthukiswa entsha version wesithupha izitatimende ukwesekwa esikhathini esidlule, "OSes» Windows ubukeka akukhetha okuningi. Kodwa! Le catch wukuthi ngokuvamile umsebenzisi uthola umlayezo othi oyisebenzisayo IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela ku-intanethi.

Uyini umthetho olandelwayo IPv6?

Ukucutshungulwa udaba ezihlobene olandelwayo IPv6, kufanele uqale nge izisekelo, okungukuthi lalazi ukuthi zonke limelela.

Ukukhuluma kafushane futhi ngokucacile, kuba uhlelo okungukuthi inomthwalo wokukhiqiza, ukwabiwa nokusatshalaliswa esiyingqayizivele static futhi ashukumisayo IP-ikheli ikhompyutha ezikhumulweni chithi saka emhlabeni, ngokusebenzisa DHCP-iseva ngendlela akukho imeyili akakaze okuphindaphindiwe. Ngomqondo onabile, zonke namuhla eyaziwa ukusatshalaliswa yezifiso ukusebenza lesi simiso. Kodwa ethembisa kakhulu phakathi kwazo zonke kubhekwa IPv6. Ngaphandle ukufinyelela ku-intanethi namuhla, bambalwa abantu limelela, inani amakhompyutha noma amadivayisi eselula efanayo liye landa kangangokuba isimiso samanje umane nje akakwazi ukukhiqiza amakheli amasha.

IPv6 vs IPv4: izinzuzo

Manje umbe kancane ku umlando. Ekuqaleni, le protocol uhlobo wadalwa 70-yalolucwaningo kwekhulu elidlule futhi ithole isifinyezo IPv4. Lapho ke labantu Zomhlaba (kancane angaphezu kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezinhlanu), akekho owacabanga sina mayelana lokuthi lolu uhlelo uyakwazi ukudala wonke amakheli kwezigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezine. Kukholakala ukuthi lokhu kuyoba okwanele zonke izizukulwane.

Iziphakamiso eziyisisekelo uqobo ziyabonisa futhi ukusetshenziswa ikheli-32-bit, esakhiwa kwamadijithi eziyisishiyagalombili. Ngakho, futhi ayikwazanga ukukhiqiza ama-ID amaningi. Kwabe sekuvela ukuthi, umthetho olandelwayo IPv4 kwaba ayizwakali (nakuba lisasebenza namuhla). Iqiniso lokuthi ikhuphukile eminyakeni yamuva, inani ubuchwepheshe mobile esebeké abathuthukisi kwangqingetshe (ngamunye idivayisi udinga ukwabela, ungalokothi okuphindaphindiwe ID zangaphakathi nezangaphandle esiyingqayizivele).

Yingaleso sikhathi, futhi kuyaqondakala ukuthi uhlelo idinga ukushintshwa. Okokuqala, ST / ST2 olandelwayo sidalwe owawungumnyaka igama lolungakahleleki IPv5. Ngo umkhuba, ukusakaza ingemukelwa. Ngaphandle asetshenziswa njengenhlangano add-e-IPv4, base kuphela ezinye izinkampani, okuyinto ke ihlolwe.

Global IPv6 ubuchwepheshe intuthuko kwaba, esikisela isizukulwane IP amakheli 128 izingcezu. Uma othile azikaqondakali, ongakhetha ngokudala inhlanganisela esiyingqayizivele lapha izikhathi million ngaphezulu. cishe unlimited zonke, njengoba ochwepheshe abaningi ehola, inani amakheli elakhiwe.

Qaphela ukuthi lesi sivumelwano uqobo, njengoba ayamangalisa njengoba kuzwakala, yasungulwa ekuqaleni '90s, nokusabalalisa nokusekelwa isofthiwe wathola nje manje, nokuthi akubona bonke abahlinzeki. Ngakho, uma umsebenzisi ubona isaziso sokuthi uhlelo IPv6 olandelwayo efakwe ngaphandle ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi, kungenzeka kakhulu ukuba isimo, ukuthi umhlinzeki kwalo buchwepheshe uqobo ukufinyelela asixhasekile. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho nje akazange ukusetha DHCPv6-iseva, okuyinto unomthwalo wonke amakheli.

kusebenze protocol

Thina manje uqhubekele izinyathelo ezingokoqobo. Ake uqale nge ekwakhiweni izimo inkinga esiye Ukusetha i-IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela ku-intanethi. Windows 7 nangaphezulu akuvumele ziyawasebenzisa la izilungiselelo, kodwa ngaphansi kombandela wokuthi ukusekela ukufinyelela ezingeni umhlinzeki. Uma kungenjalo, zonke izinyathelo ukucushwa kuyoba nenjongo nethemba.

Ukuze uqale nge izinyathelo ezilula ezimbalwa ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi umthetho olandelwayo ngempela isebenze. Ngenxa yale njongo umugqa wemiyalo (Win R + cmd) ubeka ipconfig owodwa ukuphela umsebenzisi noma ipconfig / zonke ngoba yezimoto ezisebusweni Local Area Network futhi kuxhumene ngokuqondile kule khompyutha. Uma IPv6 kungaveli, uqhubeke kokumisa ohlelweni.

IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela Internet: yini okufanele uyenze?

Okokuqala, in the izakhiwo uxhumano lenethiwekhi, khetha kusuka standard control panel, kufanele ufake "umkhaza" wohlu ukubandakanyeka protocol (ukufinyelela kungenziwa kube lula uma ufaka ncpa.cpl umyalo kwimenyu "Run").

Manje udinga ukusebenzisa izakhiwo inkinobho ngezansi kwesokudla. Kwiwindi kuyoba izilungiselelo zethu oyifunayo.

kulungiselelwa ezivamile

Njengomthetho, uma umhlinzeki ine asebenzayo DHCPv6-iseva egijima kunethiwekhi yakho, kufanele kube khona izinkinga.

Misa ukwamukela IP amakheli DNS-iseva uku-othomathiki. Iseva kuyokhala ukusabalalisa amakheli we imishini ezixhunywe kulo.

Ngesandla ulungiselele

Uma nganoma isiphi isizathu lokhu akunakwenzeka, ungazama ukusebenzisa izilungiselelo manual. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ikheli esigungwini esithile ayifani ikheli router. Ku-router njengoba idijithi yokugcina ukhonza iyunithi, kodwa ungakwazi isethelwe computer, isibonelo, i-value-10, 100 noma 101 - njengoba ufisa. Zonke efanayo ikheli Ibanga kusuka 0 kuya 256.

Kuyaphawuleka futhi yokuthi esimweni lapho thina unokuxhumeka okusebenzayo nge-IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela i-Inthanethi, i-Windows 8 noma yiluphi olunye uhlelo angacela ukunikezwa anokulungiselelwa okunye, okuyinto evame kakhulu izilungiselelo ezihlobene isingeniso lamakheli efanele-DNS amaseva.

IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela Internet: kanjani ukuze sithuthukise isimo ku-izinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukene kanye opharetha ezahlukene

Ngokuphathelene izilungiselelo esikhundleni yiluphi uhlelo lokusebenza, ngalesosikhathi you azi ezinye umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze kusebenze umthetho olandelwayo "ekspishke" mhlawumbe usebenzisa imiyalo ezilandelayo:

Netsh (ke Faka) - Interface (ke Faka) - IPv6 (ke Faka) - ukufaka (futhi Faka).

Kodwa akugcini lapho. Kwezinye izimo, kungase kudingeke ukuze usethe ikheli zamabanga aphansi naphezulu-DNS iseva ngesandla. Ngokushesha kufanele sinake yokuthi ikheli wakhiwe kwamadijithi nesithupha akufanele ngisho ivunyelaniswe amasevisi opharetha umhlinzeki.

Ngokwesibonelo, ezivamile futhi, ngakho ukukusho, ukucushwa ukusebenza kubhekwa ukusetha amasevisi we-Google e umsebenzi lapho ukhuluma zokugcina Izinombolo ezine kungaba eights ezine noma eights ezimbili futhi okuhamba ngezine ezimbili. Ukuze isevisi "Yandex" - futhi okubi nakakhulu. Kube kuyodingeka linqume inhlanganisela enjalo izinhlamvu nezinombolo ukuthi umsebenzisi, njengoba besho, ngizoya ikhanda spin.

Manje ake sihlole ezinye izimo ezikhethekile. Ngakho, siye isebenze protocol IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela ku-intanethi. "Rostelecom" ukuthatha njengoba isibonelo sokuqala. Kulokhu, inkinga, futhi, kuyehla kuphela ukuqinisekisa ukuthi amakheli iseva zilungile (mayelana kabusha okungenzeka router, amabhokisi usethe-top noma iyiphi idivayisi ke akahambi).

Line DNS amakheli singasetshenziswa eyabelwe noma eziyisishiyagalombili noma amane, njengoba kuboniswe ngenhla, noma sebenzisa izilungiselelo "Yandex", okuyinto ezihilela ngokufaka ukubaluleka 77.88.8.8. Isebenza ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

A amazwi ambalwa mayelana IPv6 (ngaphandle ukufinyelela ku-intanethi). ByFly, isibonelo, (opharetha Belarusian) has a lot of izinkinga zokuxhumana. Njengoba ulandela kusukela ekubuyekezweni komsebenzisi, yesivinini sokuxhuma, ngokuvamile kungagcini ongu- 600 kbit / sec (kokuba kuboniswe fibre). Uyaqonda ukuthi kule njengoba mayelana nanoma yimaphi amasethingi ezingase kakhulu ezithinta throughput, futhi ayikwazi ukukhuluma. Nakuba ikhebula nesivinini ifektri akuvamile idlula 50 Mbit / s, lokho bekungeke kube alikhulumi.

Nokho, njengoba nakuyicabanga, ungasebenzisa nemingcele ngenhla. Endaweni ehlukile, kuyafaneleka ukuthi kwezinye izimo uma udala uxhumano kuyodingeka usebenzise amaphasiwedi ngokufihla kanye Izivumelwano, okungukuthi i-PAP futhi CHAP. Maye, ukuphepha nokuxhumana okunjalo kuyinto ukungabaza esisemthethweni.

operability test

Ekugcineni, thina uqhubekele kusukela lokuthi wonke amasethingi zilungile. Manje uhlala ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umthetho olandelwayo isebenza ngokoqobo.

Ukuze wenze lokhu, futhi, sebenzisa umugqa wemiyalo ne kadokotela we ipconfig. Phela nezinqubo esikrinini ishoda olandelwayo ngekheli kunikezelwe. Angiyithandi ke? Ungaya isikhungo kanye Ukwabelana Center Network futhi sibheke isimo uxhumano. Endabeni kakhulu, ungakwazi vele uchofoze isithonjana uxhumano kuthreyi yesistimu (isibonelo, uma usebenzisa i-Wi-Fi) futhi iya kumenyu oyifunayo.

esikhundleni isiphetho sendaba

It uhlala ukuze ungeze ukuthi i-IPv6 ngaphandle ukufinyelela ku-intanethi (inethiwekhi) - hhayi inkinga enkulu abasebenzisi yesimanje abanale kumatheminali ekhaya / ehhovisi noma amaseva bendawo usebenzisa IPv4. Eqinisweni, ngokuzenzakalela uhlelo IPv6, nakuba kuthiwa ekusekeleni okufanayo, amasistimu Windows Nokho, ekhubazekile, ukuze abasebenzisi ungawakhi nobunzima ezingadingekile.

Uma kuziwa ukuthi, umbuzo ukusebenza kanye ukucushwa kwe-protocol kuyafaneleka kuphela uma lapho lobu buchwepheshe osekelwa opharetha enikeza amasevisi umhlinzeki. Kungenjalo, into awukwazi ngisho usethe ukuzama.