Inhloko-dolobha ye-Republic of Adygea. Maikop umlando ulwandle (isithombe)

Maikop - inhloko-dolobha Republic Adygea, idolobha elincane eningizimu yeRussia, eyabonakala kumephu yezwe ngo-1857. Phakathi kwekhulu yakhe ngaphezu, wakwazi ukuya kusuka yezempi ukuthuthukisa amahle, abacebile izinto ezindaweni ezithakazelisayo.

Kanti inikeza-panorama yesiteleka of eCaucasus Izintaba, ethule, ezitaladini zawo ethulile iyona kangcono ukuhamba, kanye nesimo futhi zomlando zihehela izivakashi ezivela kuwo wonke umhlaba.

Adygea Russia kumephu

Isifunda wokwelusa e eningizimu yeRussia - ipharadesi zesayensi yokwakheka komhlaba, abavubukuli kanye nabahamba. Adygeya ibalazwe imibukiso ukuthi abangaphezu kuka-40% wendawo esifundeni embozwe amahlathi - lapho ezikhulayo beech, hornbeam, Maple, Kunamasayithi lasendulo AmaNeanderthal futhi homo Sapiens.

Ngisho kwamanje, ihamba endaweni yabo yokuhlala, ungathola izingcezu tableware nezinye iminonjana nangenkathi odlule. Ezindaweni sezintaba republic walondoloza bamatshe ezikhumbuzo - dolmens futhi amathuna Ephakathi Bronze Age.

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka zanamuhla emikhandlwini emibili ezisemadolobheni, nezifunda the Republic of Adygea Isikhombisa, nemizana emithathu ezisemadolobheni kamasipala nemizana amancane engaphezu kwamakhulu amabili. Isimo sezulu ngokuvamile omnene, ebusika akuyona kubanda kakhulu - isilinganiso Januwari lokushisa -2˚S. Ehlobo Julayi air lokushisa ifinyelela + 22˚S.

Esimeni semakhaya endaweni kungakapheli wesifunda ungahlangana ezahlukene zezulu zigaba, futhi kumi kanye nawo - izitshalo nezilwane zahlukahlukene kakhulu. Kukhona imisebenzi eziningana ezivikelwe, eziningi eziyingqayizivele izikhumbuzo yemvelo, kazwelonke park emvelo "Intaba Adygea" iyeza maduze.

Kusukela ngo-1936, le ndawo Adygei Autonomous Region. Ngo-1992, kwaba Republic of Adygea. Ulimi lalolo hlanga - Adyghe, nakuba kukhona abantu abakuqondayo Russian futhi cishe konke lokhu kukhulunywa.

Iningi labantu othi ubuKristu noma Islam. Nokho, akekho noyedwa izinkolo akuyona wobunye esaba izakhamuzi republic, njengoba isiko ezingokomoya zabantu Adygea kusekelwe kakhulu adyghe habze - imfundiso zokuziphatha futhi zefilosofi Circassians, ngokuphathelene imithetho kuyisiphazamiso esimisweni sokuhle nokubi, indlela ababebhekwa ngayo abadala, abazali, abesifazane, kanye nokunikeza amathiphu ukuziphatha esimweni esithile futhi ukuxazulula ingxabano.

Kusukela ikhodi akubonisi isidingo abanamathela inkolo ethile, kodwa akuvimbeli ngokucacile noma yisiphi sazo, adyg kungaba abathi iyiphi inkolo noma angakholelwa kuNkulunkulu futhi usazoba Adygeya, kuyilapho ithobela imfundiso.

Ngamagama bezizwe abahlala esifundeni, Adygeya ibalazwe libukeka kanje (idatha yokubala abantu ngoba 2010):

• kunombolo-Russian isahola Giaginsky, Maikop, futhi Krasnogvardeyskiy Takhtamukaysky izindawo;
• Adygeisk esifundeni ezisemadolobheni, emzini igama elifanayo, Teuchezhsky, Shovgenovsky futhi Koshekhablsky izindawo wahlala kakhulu Adygs;
• onesibalo esikhulu Armenia ubekade Maikop wesifunda;
• Ukraine nengcosana kakhulu, ngaphansi kuka-2% abantu sebebonke, wahlala kuyo yonke indawo, kodwa iningi lawo lalingabantu, efana isiRashiya, futhi Giaginsky Maikop imizamo wesifunda;
• ngenani Kurds - kakhulu ngendlela 13,11% abantu sebebonke - kwaholela Krasnogvardejskij.

Ngaphansi kwesimo uhlobo emangalisayo yezintaba dolobha eCaucasus republic sika Adygea libukeka iparele Umncele ohlangothini lokunene emifuleni White futhi Kurdzhips. Ngakho, uma entendeni ebonakalayo emikhulu ebiyelwe ngamapulangwe of eCaucasus, imihosha ejulile futhi wambozwa iphakama iqhwa-eneziqongo.

Umlando we dolobha

Lapho kukhulunywa ngaye okokuqala lo toponym "Maikop" ubheke 1825, futhi ngo-1857 wasungula Jikelele Kozlovsky izinqaba lempi, ithole igama. Esikhathini yoma okuqala e-19 leminyaka nasekuqiniseni isimo wasesemukela idolobha futhi yaba isikhungo Maikop wesifunda, ngesikhathi esifanayo i-kobuholi ezempi uyekwa, futhi ngokushesha waqala ukuba avele izikhungo - kuqala Intaba School ke emithathu ekilasini esikoleni, ngisho kamuva kukhona esikoleni indod kanye emtatsheni wedolobha.

Edolobheni ke kwakuhlezi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, kusukela ngo-Agasti 10, 1942, futhi ophela Januwari 29, 1943. Kumemori kwalo mcimbi Meyi 9, 1967 waba ovuthayo ilangabi okuphakade, lapho kungabonwa edolobheni namuhla.

Ngokusho ukubalwa kwabantu 2010, inani lezakhamuzi ngaleso sikhathi zaba 144 249 abantu. Ngawo lowo nyaka inhlokodolobha weRiphabhulikhi Adygea ilahlekelwe isimo zokuhlala zomlando.

kokubona

Ukuyovakashela Maikop nje usuku olulodwa noma ezimbili - kuwumqondo omuhle, futhi uma asondele uhlela ngengqondo, uzokwazi ukubona izinto ezithakazelisayo kakhulu. Kube makangacabangi ukuthi esikhundleni izinga nobungako - kungcono uvakashele indawo eyodwa noma ezimbili, kodwa ngomoya ophansi futhi kancane.

Eyokuqala ukubona Maikop mosque: lokhu emangalisayo ibandla Muslim ne nemibhoshongo yabaseTurkey yayo emide emincane futhi domes blue - aphume mncintiswano, nakuba yayakhiwe kuphela ngo-2000.

Kufanele nakanjani uzame umkhiqizo ngokobuhlanga kule nsimu - Adygei ushizi. Ngokusho umthetho, iRussia kuphela, kwakhiwa iRepublic of Adygea ingumkhiqizi esisemthethweni salokhu uhlobo elibilile ubisi umkhiqizo, futhi abakhiqizi kuphela kule ndawo kungase kudinge umkhiqizo wabo Adygei ushizi. Made ikuphi, kubhekwa mbumbulu ... ukuze uwageje ithuba ukunambitheka zangempela, fresh ubisi ukuhogela izimbali zasendle umkhiqizo.

Ikakhulukazi uma wena lucky ukuza Maikop ngesikhathi lapho kukhona umkhosi. It unikeza - hhayi kuphela okulungile. Zibekwe uhlobo Isigodlo, lapho izivakashi ungabona ukuthi izitsha okulungiselelwe ne ushizi, futhi ukuzilinga.

Okunye ukunakwa ezuzisayo endaweni - Museum of Oriental Art. Lokhu legatsha le eMoscow State Museum of Art Oriental. Kuhle encane, kodwa kukhona ngokuvamile nemibukiso nokucacisa, futhi bebonke, yiya engxenyeni ethi "evamile" usuku lwakhe luyoba futhi kube mnandi. Nakuba Adygea kumephu Russia - endaweni encane kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, kwasala uyathola anele nemibukiso eziningana ezikhethekile.

Uma kukhona ithuba, kufanele nakanjani vakashela isakhiwo esitolo we kudayiswa khona utshwala, Georgiya Pobedonostsa Temple, ukuhamba ezindleleni eziphumela ngaphandle komuzi, bheka dolmens eduze entabeni Bogatyrka. Ososayensi basikisela ukuthi babenesimo nenkolo - kodwa lokho kwakuyiqiniso yini noma cha, isiko dolmen yalesi sifunda sihlehlela emuva 2900 - 1300 BC

izikhumbuzo zomlando

Uma siba isikhathi esanele, inhloko-dolobha Adygea ingase ibonise umhambi unake side yabo ejabulisa kakhulu. Futhi emzini, futhi emhlabeni eziningi ezikhangayo ukuthi bayakufanelekela ukuhlola, noma okungenani ukubona phambi ushiya le ndawo enhle kangaka.

Futhi okokuqala kwezithelo zonke kubalulekile ukuvakashela asempumalanga. izimakethe Commercial e ngaphezulu - Central, eMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga - futhi ngamunye angathola okuthile okuthakazelisayo. Ikakhulukazi kunengqondo ukubheka izinongo - akatholakalanga lokhu ukujula yabo nokwehluka, kokubili emakethe. Lapha, emakethe, ungazama Adygei shizi ayran, izinhlobo ezehlukene Pita isinkwa, futhi ekwindla - chestnut ezidliwayo.

In the yesibili - kuyadingeka ukuze banake esikuyo. Inhloko-dolobha ye-Republic of Adygea kuyinto enhle iqiniso lokuthi cishe it - emangalisayo, yemvelo engafani North eCaucasus kanye izikhumbuzo of amasiko asendulo.

Idolobhana ngokwayo nokuzwa eziningana ezithakazelisayo, kuhlanganise umholi Mosque. Ngaphezu kwalokho kuba ukunakwa kuwufanele emnyangweni ukwakhiwa lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala, uyisikhumbuzo amasosha 131st Brigade, eMpumalanga Museum, lesikhumbuzo "Ubungane", indlu Kaplanova (eyakhelwe ngesitayela psevdomodern ejwayelekile izakhiwo zomphakathi Maikop ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20), kulowo mlilo-umbhoshongo, ukucinga indikimba yendaba igalari, indunduma Oshad namaqhawe yisikhumbuzo Civil Enkulu impi Patriotic.

esiteshini

Lesi yisihloko sokuqala sikhombisa ukuthi izivakashi inhloko-dolobha Adygea. "Ivula" esiteshini isitimela sifika lapha ngo-1910. Ngemva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuphela ubudala, ngo-1918, kwaba khona impi olunegazi nendikimba iWhite Guard, zabulala amasosha angaphezu kuka eziyizinkulungwane ezintathu Maikop Red Guard eziqhelelene.

Ngokusekelwe izakhiwo, isakhiwo esiteshini akunakubangelwa belingisa isitayela namaMoor. Emaphakathi ingxenye has a kuvulandi emine ikholomu baluster isimo ezisebenza. Olungaphambili lwesonto isakhiwo has igalari okukhululekile nemengamo ezicijile, lesekela round amakholomu nezinhloko-dolobha.

Lesi sakhiwo ngokwayo ubukeka ngempela nokuthula - Kunzima ukucabanga ukuthi uma izimpi ahlomile zalwelwa lapha. Nokho, nakuba Russia Adygea kumephu kwendawo okwenzeka eminyakeni 85 kuya ku-80 ubudala, izenzakalo kwenzeka lapha akukho esingaphansi izindawo ezinkulu.

mosque Cathedral

Yakhiwa ngo-2000 ngesikhathi Sheikh ka UAE imali. Akhiwe on a, indawo enhle ehleleke kahle futhi ngokumelene eluhlaza ubukeka esinokuthula kakhulu.

Blue Mosque Dome sihlukile izindonga ukukhanya ikakhulukazi ukubukeka olunothile ngesikhathi selishona, nalapho seliyozilahla imisebe kwelanga imibala ezindongeni zethempeli abe luhlaza golden afudumele.

Ukwakha Malting esitolo Maikop lapho kudayiswa khona utshwala

Breweries Zimbalwa kakhulu endaweni weRiphabhulikhi Adygea, Maikop futhi ngaso sonke kungaba kuphela ngiziqhayise eyodwa. Lesi sakhiwo siqukethe zakhiwo ezimbili, kodwa isithakazelo kuphela omunye wabo eyakhelwe ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20 e Art Nouveau isitayela, futhi isikhumbuzo bokwakha amagugu lonke.

Lesi sitshalo ngokwayo yasungulwa ngo 1882 by VI Lezimpahla. Plant ngenkathi ekukhiqizeni "ngokuthi i-pilsner", "Bavarian", "Vienna", "Export" futhi "Royal" ubhiya. Ngo-1908, imikhiqizo wale nkampani iye yaklonyeliswa Gold Medal.

Ngemva kuvulwa ujantshi ezimakethe edolobheni waqala ekuletheni ubhiya kusuka kwamanye ama-republic, futhi umnikazi Kwakufanele ngithathe izinyathelo ukuze zigcine indawo. umthamo ukukhiqizwa Kwandiswa, ke bafaka nomshini omusha futhi lakha isakhiwo, kamuva owaba ngomunye imihlobiso yawo Maikop.

Ngemva kokumiswa Soviet amandla plant yafakwa ngaphansi kophiko lwayo. izenzakalo yangaphandle ngaleyo nkathi bathonya inhlalakahle isitshalo abampofu. Izakhiwo kanye imishini kancane kancane yawela kwamazinyo. Phakathi indlala 1932-1933 akashiywanga sibukela futhi Adygea, Krasnodar esifundeni, futhi insimu yonke le Kuban neNorth eCaucasus. Ukubuyiselwa waqala kuphela Iminyaka yangemva kwempi. Ikhumbule hhayi ebuya phambi abasebenzi isitshalo insimu yalo nge Obelisk encane.

Ngo 2007-2009 wayephethe umsebenzi wokuvuselela izakhiwo kanye sesimanje ukukhiqizwa.

amaqhawe Memorial 131 lamabutho esinenjini "Alley Afghan"

Revolution futhi impi abasindi Maikop - inhloko-dolobha Adygea wahlupheka ngesikhathi Icebo lika kukaLenin futhi ngesikhathi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Memorial esizinikezele inkumbulo amasosha owashona ngo-1995 ngesikhathi Storming ka Grozny futhi itholakala nge emzaneni Kamennomostsky.

Yisikhumbuzo kuhlanganisa ethempelini Georgiya Pobedonostsa, ezimbili pylons ethwele izingalo Russia, kanye emibili 18 abasindile ngesikhathi lokulwa imishini. A uhlu oluphelele amalungu efile we msebenzi ezibaziweyo phakathi egwadle.

Eduze kunenye lesikhumbuzo - isikhumbuzo "Alley Afghan", anikezelwe kulabo ababa nesandla empini Afghan.

ISikhumbuzo amaqhawe kulwiwa futhi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe nelangabi okuphakade

Lesi sithombe esiyisikhumbuzo itholakala emaphethelweni esenyakatho Maikop, eduze esiteshini sesitimela.

It ekuqaleni elimiswe 1927 kukhunjulwa izisulu zenhlekelele ngo-1918 - ke phezu Abamhlophe forecourt ezingaphezu kuka izinkulungwane zabantu Abathathu badutshulwe. Isenzakalo sesibili ezisenkumbulweni elimiswe yisikhumbuzo libhekisela ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Ngo sentyabryue 1942 zonke izifunda weRiphabhulikhi Adygea kwakuhlezi undlovukayiphikiswa abahlaseli. Kwaphela isigamu ngonyaka abantu engaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezine kushone Maikop.

In the 50s, sikhulunywa endaweni ezungeze lesikhumbuzo waba kabusha - phakathi kwezinye izinto, ukuthi ovuthayo ilangabi okuphakade. Manje kukhona izingcezu eziningana imishini kusukela ngeMpi Yezwe II.

Fire Tower

isakhiwo sayo lakhiwa ngo-1900 e isitayela reminestsentny classicism Russian, kanye izakhiwo etholakala eduze amaloli umlilo. It has a ingqikithi 5 phansi, ekugcineni - igalari observation. Olungaphambili lwesonto uhlukaniswe izigaba ezine ngosizo kulo uphahla. Iphansi ezintathu engenhla, ngaphezu kwalokho, octagonal. Isakhiwo ababethi abomvu.

Pushkin indlu

Ekuqaleni, Pushkin House kwaba esinye sezakhiwo lokuqala kuleli dolobha. Elalizokwakhiwa e-1900 ngezithukuthuku izakhamizi, wayedlala indima isikhungo samasiko nemfundo Maikop. Kwakuthinta kancane wabhubhisa phakathi neMpi Yezwe II.

Eminyakeni 50 sanquma kabusha lesikhumbuzo bokwakha. Ngokusho iphrojekthi Lebedev wezakhiwo lakha isakhiwo sokuhlala esisha (yaseshashalazini) ngesisekelo yangaphambili Pushkin House. Kube foyer nge eziyisishiyagalombili ikholamu kuvulandi, ihholo izihlalo 600, ibhokisi esiteji nge Igumbi Umbuso indawo.

Kabusha Pushkin House isishintshe kakhulu. Manje kukhona kancane ukuthi kufana nokwakha e-1900. Umhlobiso ingaphakathi kungcono walondoloza ehholo, lapho sibona esiyingqayizivele udini ophahleni futhi bayazibuza udluliseleke omangalisayo. Noma kunjalo, wahlala kulo igama lakhe wangaphambili, nakuba manje isetshenziswa njengendlela yaseshashalazini.

Kurgan Oshad

Idolobha eliyinhloko weRiphabhulikhi Adygea - Maikop - has kancane engaphezu kweyikhulu, kodwa izwe ku kuso, unendlela yawo, kusale ngokujulile umlando ezinkulungwaneni zeminyaka. Ubufakazi balokhu kukhona engcwele igodi abavubukuli.

Ngo-1897, N. Veselovsky igodi endaweni Maikop lasendulo yokungcwaba indunduma. Ngesiduli olufana indunduma yomhlabathi abazohlasela bekuyo ukuphakama kwamamitha ayi-10 nge amancane angaba ngu-60 metres ububanzi. umuntu oyedwa kanye nabesifazane ababili - ngaphakathi izinsalela ezintathu sabafileyo atholakele. Kanye emizimbeni Kwaba khona futhi nesikhamo izimpahla ocebile ethuneni, kuhlanganise ubucwebe, lezitsha zegolide, isiliva, ithusi, izinto ezenziwe ngobumba, kanye nezinye izinto, izikhali, futhi izinto okungenzeka bekade izinto isiko.

Ngokusekelwe kulokho okutholakele, ososayensi baye basikisela ukuthi lokhu yokungcwaba ocebile umholi-umpristi Oshad. Okwamanje, kungokwalabo engxenyeni yokugcina IV yeminyaka BC Izinto ezitholakala kwi isibonisi Museum eMoscow, futhi endaweni yokungcwaba eliqoshiwe.

Emhlabeni Barrow esikhathini sakamuva, kwakukhona izindlu eziyinkimbinkimbi solar ngokufanele kuzo zonke izinhlangothi ezine imishayo ukukhanya enisemikhawulweni okubizwa ngokuthi "umbala rose."

Izitekhi zalezi zakhiwo usengakwazi angabonwa ensimini ka Maikop njengoba izindunduma enezindonga eziphakeme eziyisivikelo kanye ngaseziseleni noma imibuthano komhlaba amatshe. Maikop setshe equkethe okucashunwe namanje undeciphered satholakala ensimini ka eyodwa yalezi ezingcwele.

Hodzhohskie dolmens

Ngaphandle komuzi kuyinto ngisho izindawo mnandi. Phakathi kwabo - hodzhohskie dolmens, isakhiwo 14 izakhiwo Bronze Age (kuhlanganise dolmen walondoloza ngokuphelele "Chygyudzh"), okuyinto zitholakala emnyango Kamennomostsky. Eqinisweni, izikhungo ezinjengalezi kuleli zwe okuningi - elinye iqembu uku Bogatyrskaya ukusula.

Kuyinto usondele ngokwanele edolobheni ukuze uthole ukuhlanzwa kungenzeka kokubili ngemoto futhi ngezinyawo noma ngamahhashi. Njengoba ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi megaliths egxile ichopho esempumalanga Bogatyr Ridge, bona ahlelwe imigqa 2, ingxenye - ehlakazekile phezu nasemithambekeni.

Ekutholeni ukuzimela kwangaphambili, kwafunyanwa amakhulu ezinkulungwane zama dolmens - ososayensi basikisela ukuthi isikhungo sempucuko engaziwa yasendulo ingasetshenziswa lapha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifunda zase-Maykop kanye ne-Mostovsky ze-Adygea zinokuhlushwa okukhulu kulezi zakhiwo.

Izakhiwo ezifanayo ze-megalithic zitholakala eNyakatho Afrika, eNtshonalanga, eNyakatho naseYurophu YaseYurophu, eKorea, eChina, eJapane, eSouth naseNingizimu-East-Asia. Enyakatho naseNtshonalanga Caucasus, kunezinto eziningi ezifanayo ezifunyenwe - ososayensi bazinikela emkhatsini wezinhlamvu zama dolmen, esikhathini se-bronze yokuqala nasesiphakathi, okungukuthi, isikhathi se-III-I-millennium BC.

I-Russia - i-Adygea, ecacile - ngaleyo ndlela, ihlanganiswe nenani lamasimu lapho khona kwakukhona khona imiphakathi eyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi ithuthukile. Okufanayo kuboniswa yinkimbinkimbi yezakhiwo ezingcwele ezungeze i-Oshad. Ochwepheshe abasakaboni ngemibono evamile, okwakhiwa kuyo imingcele.