Indlela yokwenza ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo?

Ngo landscape design mhlawumbe ukusebenza kakhulu futhi sigqamile isici infield kukhona imizila yezinyawo. Yenza ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo kungenzeka, ngaphandle asebenzise usizo amafemu amaningi ukuthi ngokukhethekile ukukhiqizwa ezinjalo. Ubunzima ukustaka kuzoncika izici izici zokwakha, uhlobo amathrekhi kwaleso esibekiwe, esinguJesu izici isakhiwo umhlabathi isayithi. Kuyadingeka ukuqinisekisa ukuthi badedele indlela azenziwanga kuphela esisebenzayo, kodwa futhi injongo zokuhlobisa, wanika indawo isayithi ukubukeka eliyimfuhlumfuhlu kuyinto umhlobiso yayo futhi bavunyelwe ukuhambela kwezinye izindawo ngaphandle ingozi ukuwa azingcoli ngo yimuphi sezulu.

Kulesi sihloko sizohlola indlela yokwenza ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo, ongakhetha yokukhiqiza yabo futhi izici zomsebenzi.

Thuthukisa uhlelo

Lena yisigaba esibaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi, okuyinto akufanele ezingabanjwanga. Ngaphambi kokufaka ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe, kufanele ekubhaleni, kuphi futhi kanjani they ukusebenzisa. Kulesi sigaba, kubalulekile ukutadisha izici landscape yemvelo, isitayela jikelele engadini design kanye nezidingo zakho sinyathelo esikahle futhi kuwusizo ngokusebenzisa isayithi. Ukuhlela okuhle kulesi sigaba ngokufanele uthole izinkomba, ukuthuthukisa ifomu bese ukhetha ububanzi oyifunayo kanye namandla we amathrekhi enamathela.

amathuluzi adingekayo

Ngaphambi kokuqala ukwakha ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo, kubalulekile ukulungiselela namathuluzi umsebenzi: esitsheni noma semende yokuhlanganisa ukhonkolo, emaphekisi, intambo, lokwela, ezingeni, telunyawo, iraba ngesando kanye nenombolo kwamapulangwe lokhuni. Ngokwemvelo, kubalulekile ukuba alungiselele impahla uqobo akha isakhiwo esiyisisekelo umgwengwezi, futhi ukulungiswa izingxenye ukhonkolo: usimende, isihlabathi, amatshe kwamafrakshini ezahlukene, amanzi. Ungabi kahle ukulungiselela zombala for imibala ukhonkolo.

Embodiments we ezisetshenziswa

Ikhava ukhonkolo ithrekhi kuleli zwe? Indaba kungenziwa kukhethwe ukhonkolo kakhulu, itshe bokuzenzela noma yemvelo, isitini, amapuleti lokhuni noma tincetu zemithi, kuvuleke tile. Ukuze izinto ezithile ngokuqondile nangokusuka zihlanganisa, isibonelo, glass amabhodlela, amakepisi plastic nokuningi - incike iso lakho lengqondo, amathuba wokutholakala umuzwa tebuciko. Uhlobo ngalunye impahla has izici zayo siqu ezithinta ubuchwepheshe ukukhiqizwa. Noma nini uma kungenzeka, sizogxila izinto eziyisisekelo futhi izici esingokwemvelo.

Izigaba main umsebenzi

Ukwakha ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo, kumelwe sibuyele ngokusebenzisa lezi zindlela ezilandelayo:

• ukukhetha design and ithrekhi impahla;
• wokugubha ingxenye;
• kwenhlabathi ikhefu ku ububanzi ithrekhi;
• Ukulungiselela base ithrekhi;
• ukulungiswa formwork nokuqiniswa;
• Gcwalisa ithrekhi;
• yokululama kanye ebusweni umhlobiso;
• temporizing ukuqina aphathekako;
• ekuphothulweni ithrekhi.

Kukhethwa design futhi impahla

Ngaphambi abekucabanga yenkinga, indlela yokwenza ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo, isithombe imikhiqizo enjalo ngeke engadingekile ukubona, isibonelo, kulesi sihloko. Kuyadingeka ukuba ukhethe Umklamo amathrekhi ezithombeni noma ukuklama owakho. Akunjalo ngempela sonke amathrekhi kumele kube ububanzi efanayo kanye nomklamo. Okokuqala, kufanele ukuthi yimaphi ama-kubo izosetshenziswa njalo kakhulu futhi uye wakwenza ngokuzimisela okukhulu, isibonelo, wezimpahla ahlukahlukene Shuttle elolini. Bafanele ebanzi futhi akhiwe nge enamathela eqinile kakhulu futhi isikhathi eside. Amathrekhi ngokuvamile kufanele ebanzi ngokwanele ukuba kwamandla kanye nokulimala izimila ukuhambahamba isayithi. Okuhlangenwe nakho kubonisa ukuthi ububanzi ukwanele engadini uzungu 80 cm.

partitioning ingxenye

Ukuze uqonde ithrekhi layout ilula - ngosizo nezikhonkwane enisemikhawulweni izigaba futhi intambo. Ukuze amathrekhi amafomu emazombezombe zidinga nezikhonkwane ngaphezulu ahlelwe buqamama emifushane.

wokumba

Ukwakhiwa amathrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ayikho ngaphandle ukulungiselela umhlabathi, okubandakanya ukususwa umhlabathi oseduze ubude lonke yokugijima. I we ekhishiwe inhlabathi ungqimba ukujula incike ngezithako zawo. Uma kuwukuthi enamadwala noma sandy, kwanele ukususa 20 cm, uma ubumba, ukususwa kuyakuba cm okungenani 30 enhlabathi. Phansi okuholela amanzi ube nemigodi ngemigodi kufanele ugcwalise izinto, angasetshenziswa njengoba ungqimba ngohlalwane ingxenyenamba wokuqala indawo, bese - amancane, futhi ekugcineni, ungqimba isihlabathi. Lokhu kuyadingeka ukuze avimbele umswakama lingashoni track futhi eceleni kwakhe.

ukulungiswa formwork

Ukuze wenze ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo phezu ezinhlangothini formwork kufanele usethe. Ngenxa yale njongo, ibhodi nobubanzi hhayi esingaphansi we wathela ungqimba ukhonkolo ukujula kanye ukushuba hhayi ngaphansi kuka 15 mm. Kuyadingeka ukuthi Imi amabhodi engenhla kwaba bushelelezi ukuze ngivumelanise kwalo wathela ungqimba ukhonkolo.

Formwork efakwe ezingeni ukuthi ithrekhi uyisicaba. Kodwa kumele senza eyehlelayo kancane (1-2 degrees) kusukela kolunye uhlangothi kuya kolunye ithrekhi self-ukususwa amanzi emvula. Ukuze kwandiswe amandla kwesakhiwo kufanele kubhekwe ukuthi uma izinga lokushisa inhlabathi kanye nomoya ukhonkolo, kanye nanoma yimuphi omunye impahla olushintsha Ubukhulu bayo komugqa. Ngakho-ke kudingekile ukuba ugcwalise ithrekhi akuyona iribhoni okuqhubekayo ngokhonkolo, ulwahlukanise ngokufaka ngokusebenzisa pad ka 1-2 amamitha transverse slats ukushuba 1-2 cm. Ukuze sikwazi ukuqhuba ukususwa okwalandela wabo kufanele camera samafutha angcolile. shuttering amabhodi Side zihlanganiswa ndawonye esebenzisa emapheshana. Kuyadingeka ukuthi uma priming ukungabaphazamisi ubuqotho bezinhlamvu.

ukuqinisa

Ngaphambi uthele ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe, kuyinto efiselekayo lokufeza ukuqinisa yabo. Ngenxa yalesi silingane igridi obandayo noma nje izingxenye ukuqinisa, zibekwe phezu ukulungele isiguqo 10-20 cm kokubili kanye nakuyo yonke ithrekhi. Kuyinto efiselekayo ukuthi valve is amanga ezansi base lelungiselelwe. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ngaphansi ke buyela, isibonelo, ukhokho kusuka amabhodlela, izingcezu tile noma isitini.

ugcwalise

Ngokulandelayo, nosimende ukhonkolo okulungiselelwe usebenzisa usimende brand okungenani M400, isihlabathi (mhlawumbe Bahlanza, umfula) futhi amatshe (egwadle kuwusizo ukusebenzisa ukuthuthukisa amandla enamathela) endaweni isilinganiso 1: 1.5: 2.

amanzi Ukuxuba yengezwe ukushuba ukhilimu noma obukhulu. Isixazululo kancane ewuketshezi, namandla indlela etholakale, kodwa kudinga umzamo owengeziwe noma ekhethekile Isixwa ngoba tamping ungqimba ukhonkolo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhambi ketshezi kulula ukusebenza futhi cabaza it. Ngakho-ke, kwabantu ipiki.

Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi ikhambi lelungiselelwe kufanele ngokugcwele esetshenziswa ngaphakathi ihora elilodwa emva ukuxuba. Ukungeza amanzi isisindo okuphekwe labasizi is hhayi Kunconywa, ngoba liwohloka kakhulu amandla enamathela.

Ukuze ulandelele akaphendukanga grey futhi tatty, ukudweba kubo. Lokhu kungenziwa enamathela kakade kuqedile, kodwa enamathela ezinjalo kuba eyesikhashana. Kungcono engeza udayi sombala ngesikhathi kuhlangana ukhonkolo. Khona-ke kujika ezinemibala yonke ungqimba yakhe. Nokho, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusetshenziswa sombala lingaphezulu, kodwa umphumela okuholela kuyazuzisa yini ngempela. Ukuze umbala, ungakhetha yimuphi umbala, kodwa ngesakhiwo engadini ukulingana kangcono phuzi, blues, ebomvana kanye ocher.

Eqeda ungqimba ukhonkolo eyalo engenhla ungqimba umthetho formwork. Lokho ebusweni kwakungeyona nje bushelelezi futhi bafaniswe, ungakwazi agqoke ke ukudweba. Ngokuvamile, lokhu kwenziwa kusetshenziswa ekhethekile stencil isifanekiso (okuthiwa ukhonkolo ephrintiwe). ukubhaliswa okunjalo kungenziwa emahoreni ambalwa noma ngosuku olulandelayo, lapho ukhonkolo a sokudonsa kancane, kodwa lingazenzi zibe lukhuni ngokuphelele. Ngaphambi kokwenza i operation ezifana sisetshenziswa phezu kobuso fixer ithrekhi toning. Kuyasita kunika ngemva embossing ebusweni ngokuphawulekayo ukuthungwa enhle simulating ngezinto zemvelo ezihlukahlukene (kuvuleke izitini, itshe, futhi lokhuni flooring al.). Iphethini isetshenziswa ebusweni indlela ukhonkolo, kuncike kuphela amehlo akho engqondo.

Ukuvikela upende kanye ukuthungwa ngokhonkolo ephrintiwe ngokumelene mechanical weathering ku ubuso bayo camera impregnation acrylic. Ngemuva kwezinsuku eyodwa noma ezimbili, isuswe ngokucophelela ukufakwa itheyiphu transverse injalo.

ukuqina elinde

Ngemva bathele ukhonkolo ebusweni balo embozwe epulasitikini ukuze kancane kancane eba yiqhwa. Ngezinsuku ehlobo kushisa, kuyinto efiselekayo ngezikhathi ezimanzi, ukufafaza ngamanzi. ukulungela Final bungabonakala umbala ngokhonkolo. Uma namanje ezimanzi, kuba acwebezelayo futhi amnyama. Sebenzisa izindlela kungenzeka kuphela emva omiswe ephelele (emva kwezinsuku 5-6 ethela).

ukuphothula Track

Kulesi sigaba, lo formwork iyasuswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho ezivuzayo transverse egcwele isihlabathi noma inhlabathi, inhlabathi okuqoqiwe at emaphethelweni ithrekhi.

Okunye enamathela ezahlukeneyo

- Brick Lane. Isici ukubukeka layo elimnandi, ikhono lokubekezelela ibanga elithile phakathi kwezitini ukugcwalisa umbala isihlabathi, usimende-isihlabathi nosimende noma umhlabathi ukuhluma kwezinhlobo utshani. Izitini wathelisa ungqimba yesixazululo ukuze ebusweni yabo 10-15 mm phezu kwenhlabathi ezizungezile, enika eyehlelayo encane evela isikhungo maqondana imiphetho ithrekhi. Amanzi avela imvula ngeke uhlale ithrekhi. Ukulungiselela base akuyona sihluke kunjalo echazwe ngaphambilini ngaphandle ukuthi base ukujula kufanele luhambisane ukushuba izitini esetshenziswa.

izitini Vykladyvanii kukhona ezingeni iraba isando, ushona kwezitini evunyelwe kuso, uma kunesidingo. Uma isitini kufanele avuswe, khona-ke kuthathwa, ibekwe ngaphansi kwaso kancane yesixazululo wafaka emuva. Kunalokho, ikhambi elula ukusebenzisa ezomile usimende-isihlabathi ingxube. Ngemva kokubekela ithrekhi elithola amanzi amaningi futhi le ngxube kwaba kancane kancane usetha futhi Uqinisa. Ngokwemvelo, akunakwenzeka ukusebenzisa ithrekhi kuze solidification yokugcina isixazululo noma ingxube lapho izitini nikubeke ezinhliziyweni zenu.

Ukuze amandla enamathela akuyona oyifunayo ukusebenzisa isitini ezivamile futhi clinker (izindlu) etholwe zokudubula i lokushisa lenyuka amamaki ekhethekile ngobumba. Silicate isitini ezimhlophe efanelekayo amaphepha yangaphakathi noma udonga, futhi ebomvu kancane kancane libhujiswa imvula. Kanye emaphethelweni ithrekhi, kuyinto efiselekayo ukusungula lomgwaqo. Kungenjalo, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, umklamo iza laphinde labhidlika, kusukela izitini kakhulu.

- Indlela kuvuleke Slabs. Ukuhlelwa akuhlukile isitini. Ukukhethwa yikhono sebentisa tinhlobo letibanti letehlukene Tile (itholakale emakhemisi), bobunjwa nemibala. Isici esikhethekile wukuthi awukwazi ukusebenzisa tile ngoba ingaphakathi - ke kuba okwesikhashana futhi ubhujiswe uma isimo sezulu sisibi ngesikhathi esifushane. I ukushuba we tile kuvuleke kumele okungenani ibe 6 cm. Isitayela sici ukuthi tile akhethiwe nge ukuma nombala wazo, kusukela maphakathi ithrekhi ngase emaphethelweni. Imiphetho ukusabalala kuleli sokugcina, njengoba ngokuvamile zidinga amathayili ahlabayo ngokuvumelana ukucushwa kwe imingcele ithrekhi. Cutting ingasetshenziswa grinder ne ukusika akwazi ukugcina Ukhonkolo. Ukuze sifinyelele ukuqina isikhathi eside enjalo efiselekayo ukusetha curbs ithrekhi kahle.

- I amathrekhi wagawula isihlahla. Ziyakwazi mhlawumbe kakhulu womshini isabelomali futhi likhanga kakhulu. Ukuze udlulisele amandla impahla edingekayo ekukhiqizeni kwabo wabona ukusika izihlahla endala diameters ezahlukene 10-15 cm obukhulu. Kumele baphathwe ukuvimbela izinqubo abolile. Ngenxa yalesi wabona usike pre-baphathwe, isibonelo, uwoyela linseed noma isixazululo zethusi sulfate yomiswa. Leyo ngxenye Imi isaha, okuzoba ngaphakathi isisekelo ithrekhi, kuphinde selashwe ayebonakalisa ibitume esibunjiweyo.

Ngokungafani ubuchwepheshe ngaphambili kuboniswa ekulungiseleleni isisekelo ezijulile ngokusho ukuba spilite obukhulu. Abakwazi wabeka ngqo embhedeni esihlabathini, kodwa okungcono - in the nosimende usimende-isihlabathi, kuyisunduzele a ibitume iphathwa ukujula. Izikhala phakathi izingxenye ophumile spilite kamuva egcwele isihlabathi, amatshe afahlazekile noma amatshe melim. Ungase futhi ugcwalise kubo inhlabathi futhi ukuhlwanyela utshani otshanini. Ebusweni elingaphandle imidlalo efiselekayo sanded wamboza izingqimba eziningana ukuvenisha ukusetshenziswa ongaphandle. Kungaba ngcono Okubukwe ukhuni ukuthungwa.

Elungisa amathrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo

Nge kwesikhathi ngaphansi kwethonya amathrekhi mechanical weathering aqala ukuwohloka. Lena ucishe ejwayelekile iziphi izinto ezisetshenziswa, ikakhulukazi uma senqubo yokukhiqiza akuyona eyaqinisa. Kubalulekile ukulungisa kubo, ngaphandle kokulinda esigcwele esimweni labhidlika. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sebenzisa izinto efanayo bathathwa ilungiselelo yabo. izingxenye ezilimele adiliza, kwafakwa nasici efanayo. Ngakho it is ifanelekile imikhondo ukuvuselelwa agodliwe kusengaphambili imali enamathela impahla ukwenza ukulungisa okufika ngesikhathi futhi ephelele.

isiphetho

Sibheke indlela ukudala ithrekhi ukhonkolo kuleli zwe ngezandla zabo. Sithemba ukuthi zendaba engenhla kuzokusiza ukuqala kokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo Izindawo design endaweni.