Indaba efingqiwe: "Lo Oresteia" by Aeschylus. Trilogy of Aeschylus 'Oresteia ": Isifinyezo kanye nencazelo

Aeschylus wazalwa ngo Eleusis, eduze emzini waseGrisi Athens ngo-525 BC. e. WayeyiZwi lokuqala tragedians omkhulu ngesiGreki, owandulela abalobi ezifana OSophocles no-Euripides, futhi ososayensi abaningi bavume idrama kumdlali sika ezibuhlungu. Kuze enkathini yesimanje, ngeshwa, sasinda kudlala eziyisikhombisa kuphela ukuthi wabhala Aeschylus - "Prometheus Bound," "Oresteia," "Eziyisikhombisa Against eThebes" nabanye. Phambi kwakhe ukudlala njengoba uhlobo abekade ampofu - nomunye umlingisi ikwaya, okuyinto aphendula. Ezinkondlweni zakhe, Aeschylus ungeze "umlingisi yesibili" (ngokuvamile angaphezu kwelilodwa), ukudala uchungechunge izici ezintsha ukuze ubuciko okukhulu.

Wahlala ephila 456 BC. e., elwa izimpi wokulwa nePheresiya, kanye ukufinyelela eziningi ukuqashelwa emhlabeni yamabhayisikobho Athene. Lesi sihloko sizosisiza ibhekwe trilogy, eyabhalwa Aeschylus - ". Oresteia" Isifinyezo umjikelezo uzobe kuchazwe ngokuhlukile nhlekelele ngamunye.

Lokho kufaka trilogy?

"Agamemnon" iyona play lokuqala trilogy "Oresteia" by Aeschylus, nezinye izingxenye ezimbili - "Hoefory" futhi "Eumenides". Lokhu trilogy - esekhona kuphela ifomu ephelele eGrisi lasendulo. Ngokusho baxgeki eziningi, kuba ngumyalo omkhulu kunayo yonke inhlekelele Athene kunazo zonke ezake zabhalwa ngenxa uhlobo izinkondlo izinhlamvu eqinile.

Aeschylus 'Oresteia ": Isifinyezo izigemegeme

"Agamemnon" uchaza ngomzamo Clytemnestra nesithandwa sakhe omunye abalingiswa abasemqoka abazizwa ngayo, le nhlekelele wokuqala u ogama lakhe. Usizi "Hoefory" uyaqhubeka indaba, echaza ukubuya indodana Agamemnon - Orestes, ngubani babulala unina, futhi ngaleyo ndlela ukuthatha revenge for omunye umzali. Esikhathini yesibili, oyingxenye trilogy - "The Eumenides" - Orestes bezingelwa Erin isijeziso matricide, futhi ekugcineni ethola isiphephelo Athens, lapho unkulunkulukazi u-Athena ukhulula kuye kusukela icala. Ake sicabangele isifinyezo sezinto "Oresteia" by Aeschylus okwethulwa kulesi sihloko.

Ekuhlaziyeni ingxenye yokuqala trilogy

Phambi kwethu - incazelo eningiliziwe homecoming ka Agamemnon, inkosi yakwa-Argos, kusukela yaseTroy neMpi. Esigodlweni akulindele nomkakhe, Clytemnestra eyayifuna ukumbulala kwasekuqaleni tando kuhle phindisela! Ngomhlatshelo indodakazi yabo, ogama lakhe lalingu-Iphigenia, futhi, okwesibili, ngenxa yokuthi ngesikhathi ukungabikho kule minyaka eyishumi edlule Agamemnon, yena wangena ukuphinga nge Aegisthus, umzala umyeni wakhe. Ngalo mbuzo wesibili kuphela okusele zikhulumela abafowethu baphile, zibancishe umndeni eziphethwe futhi uzimisele ukuba siphinde sithole esihlalweni sakhe sobukhosi, yena ukholelwa kufanele zibe seMtatsheni kuye.

Aeschylus 'Oresteia' "Agamemnon" (isifinyezo)

"Agamemnon" kusuka ngesikhathi lapho unogada owayesebenza wakhe, kuyilapho ophahleni isigodlo Argos, imele isiginali, okuyinto kwakuzosho ekwindla ka Troy impi ngesiGreki. Flashing beacon Uyakujabulela bagijima baya ukubikela izindaba ukuze Queen Clytemnestra. Lapho eshiya, isetshenziswe abaculi nabadansi, eyakhiwa namaxhegu Argos, isitshela indaba indlela iThrojani isikhulu Paris weba uHelen, umka inkosi ngesiGreki Menelaus, okwaholela impi kule minyaka eyishumi edlule phakathi Greece futhi Troy. Khona-ke sekungena ukhumbula indlela umyeni wakhe Clytemnestra, Agamemnon (umfowabo Menelaus '), baletha indodakazi yakhe Iphigenia njengomhlatjelo olethwa unkulunkulukazi u-Arthemisi esenana umoya ezikahle ze Navy ngesiGreki.

The Queen livela, nabaculi uyambuza kungani ibiyalela isevisi ngokubonga. Yabatshela ukuthi uhlelo beacon waletha lezi zindaba ukuthi Troy wawa ngobusuku bangayizolo. Chorus incoma onkulunkulu, kodwa ke wazibuza ukuthi izindaba zakhe ziyiqiniso; isithunywa livela kanye qinisekisa bonke, echaza ukuhlupheka ibutho at Troy, futhi siyabonga bephephile uma sebebuyela emakhaya. Clytemnestra sa it emuva Agamemnon ngemuva ngokushesha, kodwa ngembi kwekutsi abashiye, sekungena ucela ukuze uthole izindaba mayelana Menelaus. Herald uthi isiphepho esinamandla athumba imikhumbi ngesiGreki endleleni ekhaya, ngakho Menelaus nabanye abaningi abakatholakali.

I choir uyacula amandla esabekayo okubhubhisa ubuhle Helena. Agamemnon livela ngenqola nge Cassandra, inkosazana iThrojani, wenza isigqila sakhe nesancinza. Clytemnestra uyimema, kubonisa obala ukuthi uyamthanda, okuyinto empeleni akukhona, futhi ihlela lokumamukela elikhanyayo, esakaza ukhaphethi onsomi phambi kwakhe. Agamemnon imphathe coldly futhi wathi ehamba phezu umata kwakuyoba isenzo somuntu ozikhukhumezayo noma ukuzikhukhumeza ngokweqile; baphikelela, encenga ukuhamba phezu umata, engena esigodlweni.

Chorus kubonisani lwenhlupheko; Clytemnestra uyaphuma ukumema Cassandra ngaphakathi. inkosazana iThrojani wathula, indlovukazi eshiya wakhe yithemba. Cassandra ke uqala ukukhuluma, khuluma isiprofetho incoherent sesiqalekiso phezu kwendlu Agamemnon. Utshele isetshenziswe abaculi nabadansi, ukuthi bayobona inkosi yabo efile, wayebuye efa, bese iqagula ukuthi umphindiseli sondela them. Ngemva lezi zibikezelo ngokugqamile umprofethikazi kubonakala ubuyisane Isiphelo sakhe futhi ingena endlini. Ukwesaba ezikhulayo ngoma nje lapho ekuzwa ukuthi Agamemnon omemezayo ubuhlungu. Batsi bedingida indaba yokuthi kufanele yini ukwenza, iminyango ivulekile futhi Clytemnestra livela, ezinde phezu emizimbeni umyeni wakhe Cassandra. Uthi wambulala ukuziphindiselela indodakazi yakhe, futhi ememezela ebudlelwaneni bayo nalowo Aegisthus, lover wakhe. Khor wathi Orestes ebuya ekuthunjweni, ngukuba uyise.

Ekuhlaziyeni inhlekelele "Hoefory"

"Hoefory" - ingumkhiqizo yesibili, oyingxenye trilogy "Oresteia" by Aeschylus. Usebenta asize ngokuhlanganisa babantwana Agamemnon, okungukuthi Orestes futhi Electra, revenge yabo. Orestes afe Clytemnestra ukuziphindiselela kokufa Agamemnon, uyise.

Ingxenye yesibili trilogy

Isifingqo "Oresteia" by Aeschylus uqhubeke ezichaza izenzakalo nhlekelele yesibili - "Hoefory" lapho yindawo kunikezwa imiqondo ezifana impindiselo nokubulala. Orestes efika ethuneni abazali bakhe, ephelezelwa umzala Pylades, indodana yenkosi yase Phocis; lapho eshiya imicu ambalwa izinwele. Orestes futhi Pylades ukufihla njengoba Electra, udade Orestes, wabuye weza ethuneni, ephelezelwa iqembu labahlabeleli nensikazi, ukuba enze isenzo umnikelo wokuphuzwayo (umhlatshelo ingxenye inqubo) ethuneni; Clytemnestra bathunyelwa, emazwini akhe, "ukubonakalisa umonakalo." Uma umcimbi isiko uphela, Electra ukubona zingu izinwele ethuneni, yena zifane izinwele zakhe. Kuleli qophelo, Orestes futhi Pylades uphume kuyo, futhi Orestes kancane kancane engenza wakhe ngokuthi ngempela umfowabo.

Sekuyisikhathi sokuba nomninikhaya okokuqala kuyingxenye enzima kakhulu izinhlekelele ngesiGreki esekhona, lapho ekwayeni, Orestes futhi Electra ozama zivuse umoya Agamemnon oshonile, ukuze eyabasiza ukuze baziphindiselele. Orest wazibuza ukuthi kungani Clytemnestra wathumela isenzo umnikelo wokuphuzwayo ukuthi uye waholela isinqumo esinjalo. Khor uthi Clytemnestra yavuswa ebuthongweni okwakwenzeka bakhe: yena ngiphuphe ukuthi wabeletha inyoka, okwamanje ukondleka kusukela esifubeni sakhe futhi wondla ngendlela ubisi lwayo hhayi kuphela, kodwa futhi ngegazi lakhe. Ekhathalela lesi sibonakaliso kungenzeka sentukuthelo kaNkulunkulu, owesifazane ithumela Electra ethuneni nomyeni wakhe ongasekho ukuthi benze isiko ukukudambisa. Orestes ukholelwa ukuthi kuba ngesimo inyoka ephusheni likanina udadewabo yakha nomphindiseli uhlelo lomzali yayo, nokucabanga ngokubulala Aegisthus futhi Clytemnestra yena.

Orestes futhi Pylades ukuzenza ukuba abangabazi futhi ukutshela indlovukazi ukuthi Orestes ufile. Bajabula ngokukhululwa izindaba ezinjalo, Clytemnestra ithumela inceku Aegisthus futhi ifike. Kamuva Clytemnestra ubona Orestes ukuma phezu komzimba Aegisthus. Orestes wayesezibeka nesimo esinzima: ukuze ngiphindisele uyise, kufanele abulale lowo kunina owayizala. Owesifazane bares amabele, umcele ukuba isihe wathi: "Ihlazo wena, ingane." Orestes uphendukela umngane wakhe omkhulu Pylades, indodana yenkosi yase Phocis, abuze: "Ngingaya namahloni kokubulawa unina"

udaba imfumbe

Izikhathi ezidinga ukucabanga, kakhulu trilogy, eyabhalwa Aeschylus - ". Oresteia" Ukuhlaziywa abangochwepheshe kungase kube ngokuyisisekelo ukuhluka nezinye ukubukwa. otolika Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi umbuzo Orestes exhumene isihloko ebanzi: ngezinye izikhathi abantu sihlangana nobunzima, okuyinto alikho ikhambi, ezifana yemfanelo yomkhaya Orestes ngenhlonipho komunye umzali kakhulu kunokusebenza izibopho zomkhaya kwabanye. Kukhona elinye futhi iphuzu umbono. Kungase kubonakale sengathi akuyona okungaphezu nje ubuza umbuzo ongafuni mpendulo, ngoba Orestes Pylades iseluleko ngokuzithandela amukela ngokunemba lokho akwenzayo. Izazi eziningi ziye wafunda trilogy, ezifana G.Ch. Huseynov. "Oresteia" by Aeschylus ingenye izinjongo izifundo zakhe.

Pylades Orestes unxusa ukuba singakhohlwa imisebenzi yabo ku-Apollo. Orestes, ngemuva kokuthi kubulawe efihla umzimba ngaphansi izingubo ezigugile uyise. Ngokushesha nje lapho ushiya indlu, Erin uqale ahlukumeze naye. Orestes uyabaleka ngenxa yokwethuka okubuhlungu. Chorus iqagula ukuthi umjikelezo enobudlova akagcini lokubulala Clytemnestra.

Ekuhlaziyeni usizi "Eumenides"

Ingxenye yokugcina trilogy "Oresteia" by Aeschylus - kuyinhlekelele lapho Orestes, Apollo kanye Furies ukuza Areyophagu. Athena iza abahluleli; benquma ukuthi Orestes unecala lokubulala unina.

Isifinyezo ingxenye yesithathu trilogy

U-Oreste uhlushwa Erinyes ukushushiswa (furycraft) okuyinto Ningonkulunkulu abathintekayo impindiselo izenzo zokungabi nabulungisa. Ngenxa nokugqugquzela ngu waziphatha lokubulala unina. Ngezinye Apollo at Delphi Orestes uthola ukuthula kwengqondo, futhi uNkulunkulu, ongeyena ukumsindisa nasolakeni Erin lusizi umthumela waqhubeka nendlela yakhe, futhi, usebenzisa iziphonso, uzama alibale Erinyes.

Clytemnestra selivela yisithunzi kodwa kanjani futhi kuphi - ayaziwa ... ukubukeka kwakhe kwakungathi siyaphupha. It obiza Furies ingalali uqhubeke ekuzingeleni kwabo Orestes. Njengoba nje enye Erinyes iqala ukuvusa ghost isuka. Ukuvela Erinyes umuzwa igcwala jaha: Bahlabelela kanyekanye, ukuvusa beshesha futhi kumnandi futhi sihlose ukuthola iphunga elimnandi kwegazi, lapho phezu Orestes. Inganekwane ethile ithi kudlalwé play, eyabhalwa Aeschylus (trilogy "Oresteia" Yingaleso sikhathi impumelelo), uye wabangela bayesaba kakhulu phakathi izilaleli ukuthi ungomunye wabesifazane abakhulelwe kwadingeka kwesisu, futhi yena washonela khona.

I esibalulekile

Track furies bamba wakhe. Athena Athene angenele ukwahlulela Orestes. Apollo iba nomvikeli Orestes, kuyilapho Furies ivele uhlangothi Clytemnestra efile. Ngesikhathi kuqhubeka leli cala, Athena Apollo ngaphansi kwengcindezi kuvumelana neqiniso lokuthi umuntu kubaluleke ngaphezu owesifazane. It is abalwa, futhi kuvela ukuthi ukuthola nenani elilinganako amavoti. Wabe uyakhothama Erinyes ukwamukela isinqumo, futhi ekugcineni uyobapha ngesandla uyavuma. Ngaphezu kwalokho, manje ube yingxenye izakhamuzi Athens futhi uyonikeza indawo ezinhle edolobheni. Athena futhi uthi ummangalelwa kufanele ukhululiwe, njengoba zesihe kufanele njalo ahlule unya. Lona umqondo ukuthi ngifuna ukuletha umbhali trilogy.

esikhundleni isiphetho

"Orestea" Aeschylus isifinyezo okuyinto seyenziwe ngenhla nesibonelo esisodwa trilogy walondoloza isikhathi. Dionysia umkhosi 458 BC. e. yena umklomelo wokuqala. Ekuqaleni ephelezelwa satirical idrama "ngokumelene" Nokho, okuyinto, engafakwanga. Kubonakala sengathi igama elithi "Oresteia" ekuqaleni lalisho konke kudlala ezine.