Imodeli phezulu idatha

Izinto zivame kakhulu ezitholakala ubuhlobo obunjalo, ababiziweyo phezulu. Ngokuvamile kuziwa ebuhlotsheni obunjalo, ngokuthi "ingxenye-wonke", ubuhlobo kwakuwukuthi noma izinhlobo zobuhlobo. Izinto ezisebusweni ubudlelwano efanayo, akha isihlahla, okuthiwa igrafu iqondiswe, okungukuthi, ukuba vertex oyedwa kuphela hhayi subordinated kunoma iyiphi enye vertex. Lendawo ibizwa ngokuthi i-empandeni yomuthi. Ukuxhumana phakathi kwezinye ISIZINDA luyasetshenziswa ngendlela elandelayo: noma yimaphi amanye vertex kungaphansi kuphela eyodwa engaphezulu ke, phezulu. Ngemicondvo, le phezulu imodeli idatha aqondwe njengokufaka iqoqo irekhodi izinhlobo ukuthi izinhlobo ukuxhumeka okuhlobene endaweni eyodwa noma izihlahla ezimbalwa ngabanye. Kulesi imodeli, zonke izinhlobo izibopho akhiwa ngokuvumelana "omunye eziningana", futhi igrafu imelelwa imicibisholo. It kuvela ukuthi phezulu imodeli idatha has lolu hlobo ubuhlobo phakathi kwezinto, kokubili uhlu lozalo, kodwa-ke, omunye ngaphandle: kunendlela eyodwa kuphela isihloko esiyinhloko into ngayinye okhonzile. Okungukuthi, endaweni enjalo imodeli idatha uvumele ukuthi ube nakho ezimbili kuphela ukuxhumana phakathi izinto egciniwe, "omunye komunye" noma "umuntu ezingozini eziningi". I database phezulu empeleni kuyinto data base of navigation, okungukuthi, ukufinyelela kungenzeka kuphela ngosizo ubudlelwane ngaphambilini kuchazwe.

Uma kwenziwe umcimbi sekulingisa, ukuxhumana ngokuvamile kudinga "okuningi ezimbalwa." Ukuze ususe lo mkhawulo, kungenzeka ukunikeza ikhambi elinjalo, njengoba ukuphindaphindeka izindawo. Nokho, kukhona ukuntuleka ukuphindaphindeka lezinto: ukungalandelani kolwazi zingavela. Phezulu imodeli idatha kunezinzuzo ezifana ukuqinisekisa ukufinyelela okulula kanye zamalinki achazwe ngenxa kwesimo sayo navigation. Nokho, kukhona wakhe kanye nobubi obuthile. Basuke ezihlobene yokuntuleka eguquguqukayo model idatha, ikakhulukazi ngokuqondene ukungabi nakwenzeka khona into abazali eziningana, kanye nokungakwazi ukuthola ukufinyelela ngqo idatha. Lokhu esenza sibe ezingafaneleki ngokuya imibuzo ejwayelekile ukuthi ngaphambili awazange okuhleliwe. I phezulu imodeli semininingwane unesinye ethile. ke itholakala lokuthi ukuthi ukubuyisa ulwazi kusuka aphansi amazinga phezulu ayikwazi ukuthunyelwa nge ISIZINDA engaphezulu.

Njengoba eziyisisekelo ulwazi amayunithi ngendlela imodeli phezulu kukhona ingxenye futhi insimu. Ngaphansi field idatha esithathwe ukucacisa iyunithi kulencane indivisible idatha olukhona umsebenzisi. Ukuze izingxenye ithathwe ukucacisa uhlobo ingxenye Ngokwesibonelo. Uhlobo ingxenye iqoqo okuthiwa amasimu ezinhlobo idatha, okuyinto yakhiwa. Ngokwesibonelo ingxenye kwakhiwa kusuka abanye amagugu ethile emasimini. I phezulu imodeli idatha, njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, yakheke esime isakhiwo idatha igrafu. Uma sicabanga ke ezingeni umqondo, kuba yintfo lekhetsekile imodeli nethiwekhi. Ngo imodeli phezulu vertices kungahambisani uhlobo ingxenye futhi lwesikhathi - uhlobo uxhumano endaweni "komzali nengane". Kukhona umthetho oqinile, ngesikhathi ingxenye-ozalweni kungaba ukhokho eyodwa kuphela. Ngokuvamile, lokhu imodeli libukeka i igrafu undirected exhunywe has a isakhiwo isihlahla, okuyinto esihlanganisa zonke izingxenye. Isakhiwo phezulu semininingwane uhlobo kuhlanganisa isethi ngaphambilini kwezihlahla. Imodeli ngokwayo kungumuthi, ezingeni eliphezulu okuyinto ingenye into esemqoka ubekwe ezingeni lesibili lezinto ezingeni, eyesithathu yesibili - eyesithathu, njalonjalo.

Kusukela le nto, ungathola umqondo walokho esingadala phezulu isakhiwo idatha.