Imikhankaso Military koFaro laseGibhithe

imibhoshongo Ngokubabazekayo, le Sphinx, kanye ogeleza umnyuziki Nile, izinhlamvu inotho. Wonke la mazwi ekuvuseni ezinhliziyweni ezulazulayo umoya futhi bomele adventure.

Kulesi sihloko, sizobe sesibheka umlando lempi kuleli zwe lasendulo futhi emuhle.

Wayengubani uFaro

Amadodana kaNkulunkulu emhlabeni, incarnation kamuva eyimfihlo ngaphansi kwamandla aphezulu, oFaro wabusa eGibhithe lasendulo zeminyaka eziningana.

Kwaba futhi kule nkathi wadala impucuko kuqala, ukuthuthukisa lokubhala, nezibalo, isayensi yezinkanyezi, isayensi lezempi.

Ngalo mbuzo wesibili sizobe ukukhuluma ngazo kulesi sihloko. Okulandelayo uzobe ibhekwa njengomlando wesonto obaluleke kakhulu imikhankaso yezempi koFaro.

Egypt ibutho Lasendulo

Enkathini yangaphambi kwezincwadi yebutho emidala Ephakathi Kingdom wayengekho njalo nokuzuza njengoba kudingeka. Ngaphezu amasosha avamile, kwakukhona okuningi Amasosha athumba emazweni angomakhelwane.

Njengoba inkathi balo Mbuso Omusha izintaba oFaro isekelwe kuphela ukusetshenziswa amasosha professional. Ngalesi sikhathi, kukhona kudingeka kuhlinzekwe isamba sika impi kwa esihlukile amalungelo ayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amaqembu ukuhlukaniswa ekugcineni kwakhiwa, izici Tactical amasosha elihamba kolesnichikh kanye amatilosi.

Sneferu

Umuntu owasungula le lwamakhosi wesine kubantu abakhi imibhoshongo abizwa ngokuthi emibuthanweni zezemfundo. Imithetho phakathi enkulungwaneni yesithathu yeminyaka BC.

Ake ukubhekana ukwanda kwezindawo wamabutho ahlomile kuleli zwe, ngoba sicabanga ke imikhankaso okwengeziwe lempi oFaro.

Ancient Egypt ngalesi sikhathi owawudliwe insimu emlonyeni neNayile elibangise embundwini yesibili. Kukhona yake kwaba inqaba lingo. Izinsiza eziyisisekelo babe eningizimu futhi enyakatho-mpumalanga. Emakhulwini eminyaka alandela kwathiwa Lapha amehlo amakhosi akhe.

Sneferu esebusa wangena esifundeni engumakhelwane (eNubia futhi Libya) izigqila kanye nezinkomo. Eminyakeni eyishumi kusukela 2595 BC, ngezizukulwane, waletha izigqila mayelana 8000 futhi 200,000 nomhlambi wezinkomo.

Into eyinhloko wezempi, ababefuna ukuphakamisa uwine uFaro, ezimayini steel ithusi iNhlonhlo YaseSinayi. Wanqoba kubo, kufakazelwa imifanekiso e Wadi Magkare. Ezinkathini okwalandela, wonke umlando wokucabanga, kuba feat enkulu, futhi Sneferu owayemuhle wayebizwa ngokuthi abavikela unkulunkulu esifundeni.

Sahur

Lokhu uFaro Sneferu sika owalandela inkosi. Wabusa iminyaka engu-mayelana nantathu, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi wakwazi ukwenza okuningi ukubaluleka ngokuya nokwandisa imingcele kanye nethonya laseGibhithe.

Ngokwalokho okuvezwa umlando, imikhankaso yezempi koFaro kwalesi sikhathi wagxila ikakhulu eningizimu nasempumalanga. Nokho, inzuzo yabo Sahour umkhankaso evela entshonalanga. Eminyakeni wokuqala wokubusa, yena wawashaya iningi izizwe waseLibya. On the bas-imifanekiso zibonisa iziboshwa abantu eyakho ebhakedeni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona umbhalo othi kusukela manje kuqhubeke "izwe Tehenu isizwe usebenza yaphezulu uFaro Sahour."

Le ndawo yesibili kwemikhankaso wamabutho kwakuyinto eningizimu (endaweni Cataract lokuqala Nile), eyashaqwa ngasezinkwalini futhi kwezimayini zegolide. Ukunwetshwa kulesi siqondiso, esikwaziyo olusemthethweni waseGibhithe uloba ngesikhathi lo faro, okwenziwa endaweni enyakatho eNubia.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Sahour baqhubeka ekunqotshweni eNhlonhlweni yaseSinayi, okuyinto won izizwe ezimbalwa zendawo.

Kodwa impumelelo enkulu wokubusa kwakhe kwaba ukuthuthukiswa laseGibhithe njengombuso wezwe onamandla zasolwandle. Ukudala imikhumbi enkulu ngokwanele, uFaro waya eFenike, lapho eletha izithunjwa eziningi. Isiqondiso sesibili kwakukhona izwe ongaqondakali lasePunt. Lokhu "Klondike" lwaseMpumalanga Afrika kakhulu ezweni lasendulo. Ngakho, kokuphothula umkhankaso athunyelwa emahlathini nemure, igolide, eziyigugu.

Ngakho, njengoba kusho umbiko we steles futhi imifanekiso, uFaro Sahour wokubusa yaba ngeyesikhashana, kodwa kuba nomvuzo omkhulu. Ukuze uthole inqubomgomo esebenzayo enjalo sokunqotshwa igama lakhe isihloko "umnqobi amazwe" kamuva wanezela.

mina Piopi

Amarekhodi nokubusa oFaro kwalesi sikhathi ziye zalondolozwa usesimweni esibi kakhulu, kodwa amavesi kuyacaca ukuthi iziphathimandla Piopi ngineminyaka engu ephakathi kwengu-25 nengu-50. Lesi siphetho eyenziwe Ubala izinkomo, okwakwenza njalo eminyakeni elilodwa noma amabili ezinkathini ezihlukahlukene umlando Egypt.

Lokhu faro waqala ukubusa ngo-esemncane, isikhathi eside le ibamba laba unina. Kwadingeka simelane nokuphikiswa eholwa Userkare, okubonakala sengathi wayebulala futhi Piopi uyise. Ukuze anqobe indlovukazi isitha Iput iqala ukunikeza amandla amaningi ukuze iziphathimandla zendawo nababusi, kamuva kakhulu buthaka lizwe.

Lapho uFaro esemdala, wathumela wonke amandla kwenqubomgomo zangaphandle ukunqoba, njengoba eGibhithe lwalusaqinile ngisho nangemva.

Thanda kokumethemba yayo, ukunwetshwa okwenzeka ikakhulukazi empumalanga (iSinayi) futhi eningizimu (eNubia Nile kusukela embundwini yesibili). Insimu yesibili subordinated ngokuphelele oFaro Upper futhi Lower Egypt, kwaba phakathi nokubusa Piopi I.

Umsebenzi we ososayensi zabantu eziye zafunda imifanekiso e Wadi Magara, sithola incazelo ukucinga indikimba yendaba, "lo faro empini." imikhankaso Military koFaro abaculi baye bazama uthwebule okusheshayo, ngoba ngenkathi yena wayengemuva "ukunqoba" kwemizwa, ungakwazi ukuthola okuningi legolide. Ngakho-ke, kancane isithombe bahlobise ngokoqobo ezinjalo, nokho kukhona obungenakuphikwa Eqinisweni kwabavoti.

Futhi kusukela kulesi sikhathi emlandweni Egypt ukulondoloza ingoma sokunqotshwa izicukuthwane Una. Wayehola impi kaFaro, ezathunywa ezweni Heriusha (neningizimu yePalestina), ngokumelene zamaBedouin. Ngokusobala, ekuthatheni amasimu amasha kwakungeyona injongo eyinhloko, njengoba umphumela ematheni ukunqoba kwaba nasekuqiniseni imingcele esifundeni.

Piopi II

Indodana encane kaFaro Piopi I. Ngokusho amarekhodi, wokubusa kwakhe eyathatha iminyaka 94. Lena inkathi ende kunazo amandla emlandweni impucuko womuntu.

Isiqondiso eyinhloko inqubomgomo angaphandle kwalesi faro kwaba eningizimu. Amabutho akhe safinyelela sub-Saharan Afrika. Lokhu kufakazelwa eziningana izigqila elibhekwa njengabaThwa kwangeniswa isipho Piopi mina I. Egypt, babebhekwa samuntu unkulunkulu Bes futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku jesters.

Naphezu kwezithiyo ezinjalo izinto ezimnandi, imikhankaso yezempi koFaro akuziqedi ngaso sonke isikhathi ngempumelelo. Ngakho, amabutho ambalwa angathunyelwa niwunqobe izizwe edlubulundayo eNubia, anqotshwa. Khishiwe ngemuva uhambo ingajezisa ngaphansi kobuholi indodana umlawuli wangaphambilini BakaJehova yakwazi hhayi kuphela smash lezi zihlubuki, kodwa futhi ukuletha ekhaya emzimbeni Nomarch Elephantine Mech.

Eyesibili mkhuba ezibalulekile waqala ulwandle mikhankaso ukuze Punt. Ngokusho amarekhodi, lapho enziwa nge nanye. Kodwa penultimate eziningana zehlulekile ngenxa ekuhlaseleni Bedouins. Lesi sakamuva, Injongo ogama main kwaba ukubhujiswa izizwe zakwa heriusha ( "abahlala kwezihlabathi"), wabuya hhayi kuphela uzowanqoba abayimizulane, kodwa futhi kunothile ePunta ingcebo.

Senusret mina

UFaro nambili Dynasty, ibhekisela enkathini Ephakathi Kingdom. Imithetho ekuqaleni enkulungwaneni yesibili yeminyaka BC.

yena iqondiswe ngqó eNubia inqubomgomo esebenzayo angaphandle. Inhloso kwakuwukuba ngokunembile iinthombe kulelo zwe ngo ezweni laseGibhithe, njengoba ezinkathini odlule namaKushe ngezikhathi ezithile kuphela uncome Egypt.

Kodwa akuhambanga kahle konke. Abaningi imikhankaso yezempi koFaro, yebo, yimpumelelo, kodwa wathola amandla namandla izinduna Nubian. Bona atheleka hhayi kuphela eningizimu kodwa futhi phakathi Egypt. Ngenxa yalokhu, izwe namaKushe futhi awuzange ayenqotshiwe, umane anda ithonya abaseGibhithe ku kula mazwe.

Nakuba Senusret mina unesiqu esithi "ezibhuzayo ukubelesela Nubian", kodwa imisebenzi yakhe ikakhulu sasihlanganisa ukuthunjwa inyamazane kanye kudalwa sezizwe zakwa baphikisane. Ukuze imisebenzi efana kwakhiwa inombolo wezinqaba endaweni embundwini Nile yesibili.

III

Omunye namakhosi amakhulu, abanqobi yaseGibithe lasendulo. Yena wayengumbulali umholi hhayi kuphela onekhono lempi, kodwa futhi iqhawe eqinile kakhulu. Ngokuyinhloko, angaphandle Politika Tutmosa III yayimayelana enyakatho, ezweni zakwa ezikhulunywayo ka (Palestine yesimanje kanye Syria).

Phakathi nomkhankaso wokuqala, wakhipha ayezixoshe "abaholi ezintathu namashumi amathathu" emzini eKadeshi, ukushayisa ibutho lawo bavimbezela futhi babhubhisa ke. Kwakungesinye ekunqobeni enkulu ezaholela imikhankaso yezempi koFaro. Ibalazwe lendawo libonisa isibindi esikhulu III ka, njengoba wadabula ensungubezini ewumngcingo kakhulu ukusebenzisa ukumangala.

Uma isitha ukuyichaza amacebo akhe, yonke impi bekusayoba bashonile Endleleni eya eKadeshi.

Lo mkhankaso okwalandela yayihloselwe pacifying izizwe abahlubukayo, waphinda isipikili umbusi laseKadeshi. Lo mkhankaso isibe edangalisayo nakakhulu. Ukuze anqobe Syria, kwakudingekile ukuba bathole ukusizakala eFenike. Ngakho-ke, uFaro uqobo wathumela ibutho live kanye wohlanga olukhulu Nebamona ithumela imikhumbi.

Leli qhinga bavunyelwe ngokukhululekile ebamba zonke ogwini evundile ocebile.

Ngokuhamba 6, 7 no-8 imikhankaso, emibili yayo kuphela zasolwandle, III yande kuze enyakatho yeSiriya. mikhankaso Okwalandela - kusuka 9 kuya ku-15 - ayehloselwe ukuqinisa ithonya ezifundeni ezinabantu.

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwawo-lempi imikhankaso koFaro laseGibhithe bathunyelwa eningizimu, III waphenduka wakhe ukunakekela eNubia. Ngemva imikhankaso enqobile enyakatho, uyahamba izwe laseKushe izwe futhi ekugcineni ukuyinqoba.

Ngakho, phakathi nokubusa oFaro waseGibhithe lasendulo kuphenduke isimo ezinamandla kule ndawo.

Ramses II

Mhlawumbe edume kakhulu ababusi waseGibhithe ukuba nenkani. Ngaphezu impumelelo empini, wayebuye esingokwemvelo kuyize ezinganeliseki. ezikhumbuzo eziningi, njengoba naye ngokwakhe wafaka esaphila, engasekho, akukho kodwa akhulume ngombusi oyedwa emlandweni.

imikhankaso Military ngokuvamile uqale nge oFaro niwunqobe izizwe edlubulundayo abazama athole inkululeko ukuze ushintsho kwamandla. Ramses II kwaba okufanayo. umkhankaso wakhe wokuqala bathunyelwa eNubia futhi Libya.

Nokho, ukunqoba, okubhebhethekisa udumo lwakhe, yena waba nekazuzelwa amaHethi. Kuyinto umzabalazo wokulwa nalesi sitha kaFaro enikelwe cishe konke ukuphila kwakhe.

Ngaleyo ndlela, sisuke zifeziwe kafushane nezempi umlando waseGibhithe lasendulo futhi bakhe ojenene ezidumile.