Imibhangqwana ezingezwani: kuyini?

Igama elithi "imibhangqwana ezingezwani" isetshenziswa isho abangane bawo bomshado noma abalingani kukho lapho utheleleke nge-HIV, kanye nezinye kahle. imiphumela emihle eyatholakala lapho kuthiwa ukuhlolwa kwezinsana khona yokutheleleka nge-HIV, umuntu uthola kunzima ukuphetha emshadweni ikusasa labakhethiwe ongenazo izinkinga ezinjalo. Abanolwazi ukushaqeka, bephikisana nabulungiswa enjalo noma ukuwela ngaba nokucindezeleka okukhulu, HIV umuntu omuhle ukhetha sokukhwelana kuphela kusuka endaweni enjalo.

Kodwa ukuphila iya ngendlela siqu, asikwazi waphetha kohlaka kuchazwe kusengaphambili futhi izikimu. Yini kwakucatshangwa zicatshangwe, namuhla iba ingxenye indlela yokuphila kutsi lomuntfu unalo leligciwane, futhi choice yakhe enempilo kuphetha naye umshado. imibhangqwana ezingezwani ababhekene nabo ekuphileni lenqwaba kobunzima nezinkinga. Ukuze umlingani elinegciwane njalo ukwesaba ukulahlekelwa ingxenye yakhe ethandekayo, ngaphandle udaba ka ukuzala futhi ukuzalwa umntwana ophile sekuyahwalala ikakhulukazi ngezindlela eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Imibhangqwana uzwa ukungaqondi ingxenye nezihlobo, nabangane ngezinye izikhathi bazithola behlukene wedwa yabo. Ngamunye wethu uyaqonda ukuthi imifelandawonye abanjalo bangabaphostoli abadinga usizo njalo, abakutholayo elikhulu emphakathini wethu. Abazi abadinga usizo ekusunguleni ubudlelwane egcwele, ukuthola ulwazi mayelana nokuziphatha ukwehlisa ingozi yokutheleleka kothandekayo nokuthola injabulo sexual ngaphandle ingozi yokudlulisela izifo.

Ulwazi khona-HIV emzimbeni

Uma umuntu siphilile kodwa othintana elihlobene ne ingozi yokutheleleka ke ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwabo ngokuhambisana nemithetho, uyokwenza kugwenywe in the izinkathi esizayo. Ukuphila ngazimbili ezingezwani ezinesimo noma ulwazi yayo umlingani kuzovumela ukuxoxisana ngocansi ephephile futhi usize okukhulelwa inzalo enempilo. lwezikhali abakhulelwe igciwane, sikhumbula isimo salo, nikwazi ukuthwala futhi ubelethe umntwana i-HIV.

Impilo ka kutsi lomuntfu unalo leligciwane igcwele izinkinga eziningi, futhi ukwazi ngalesi sifo, ukanye izinyathelo zokuphepha ukuvikela ezifweni lezihlobo ezizungezile nabangane. I ngaphambili sitholakele, ukwelashwa ngokushesha iqala, futhi kukhona ithuba elingcono ukulondoloza impilo yabo.

Isikhathi emva ukuthola ukutheleleka

lithathelwe isikhathi emva ukuxilongwa kuyinto enzima kakhulu zomuntu onesifo. Ngalesi sikhathi kukhona ubuhlungu noma nezinye izifo ezihambisana ne ukuthuthukiswa igciwane. Kukhona lonke spectrum yokuveza imizwelo yakho, okuyinto olubaluleke kokwenzeka ukuphila, ukwesaba kokushiya izingane ezincane uma ukufa ethembeni yokutakula. Abanye abantu ababonakali ukuthi intando ekuphileni ekulweni nesifo futhi uyafisa ukwenza ngayo.

Indlela ukutheleleka kuzibonakalisa indlela imibhangqwana bukhoma ezingezwani. Ezinye kuhluke ukuziphatha ezanele, ngokulandelana, isimo lapho bezithola, abanye ubheke kabi ukuba isimo esikhona manje, underestimating ukungathi sína lesi simo. Kukhona abangane bomshado ngubani waphonsa konke imicabango ngekusasa, abanye, Ngakolunye uhlangothi, overestimate isimo sabo, izenzo zabo nokuziphatha abe kwabokufika yangempela. usizo kwenqondo abalingani ezifana ukuthuthukisa isimo sizinzile futhi ekutholeni imizwelo eyakhayo e umzuzwana ohambweni lokuphila, okuyizinto imibhangqwana ezingezwani.

ukuziphatha Basic esiteji esikhathini lithathelwe

Imizwelo, ngisho umuntu enempilo akuzona esitebeleni. Ekhuluma abantu abanesandulela-ngculaza, kufanele kuphawulwe izigaba eziningana ezibucayi of nakho:

• lapho besanda kuqala bese ngokuvamile kuba beshaqekile, jikisa nga disbelief nokuphika esiteji, isiguli benqaba ukuthatha imiphumela yokuhlolwa, yena ubonakala dazed, kutshengisa ukuguqulwa kwezinto ezinyakaziswayo, isimo esinjalo kwengqondo, naphezu kobukhulu izimpawu, kubhekwa njengento isikhathi isivikelo sokuqoqa amandla nokuthatha namaqiniso abuhlungu;
• sentukuthelo kuthinta umuntu kamuva, lapho eqaphela ukuthi isifo liphazamisa ebuhlotsheni bakhe futhi washintsha ngokuphelele ukuphila kwabo pair kuba nzima noma kungenzeki nhlobo ngoba lomuntu onegciwane usola noma umlingani wakhe;
• ngokushesha noma kamuva, intukuthelo nje futhi intukuthelo akhale isifiso nje lokuzuza engcebweni yabo, ukuphila ububanzi ayisesemikhulu, futhi ukutheleleka nge-HIV umuntu ubona njengoba ukuthengiselana Ikakhulu, umlingani iqala ukufeza izimfuno ezithile, ebhekisela esidabukisayo;
• eqaphela ukuthi ukuzitika phezu ingxenye izihlobo kanye umlingani engalethi imiphumela ingabonakali, kodwa ukuphila ayishintshi ibe ngcono kanye namandla isiba ngaphansi umuntu iwela ukucindezeleka, ngezinye izikhathi kubangelwa umuzwa wokuzihlonipha-basola yi lanamuhla, lapho yena uqobo engazange kulibona ku engenangqondo esidlule yezenzo;
• umuzwa ukwamukelwa ngokoqobo kuza ngemuva ukuthobeka futhi okuzolile okulindele ikusasa nemiphumela ebulalayo, umuntu uzizwa ngokokuziphatha awusona umusho ongenakuvinjelwa futhi ilawulwe, ngezinye izikhathi ebhubhisa mibhangqwana ezingezwani, ukubamba okwesibili isiguli singenakukwazi, umonyukela, uyakuyikhazimulisa asuswe samanje.

isinyathelo isiguli ziba nesimo sengqondo esihle

ukucindezeleka esibanzi kuyehla uma isiguli kufanele kuthuthukiswe ngodokotela nemithetho yokuziphatha kwansuku zonke. Lezi namathiphu yokuzithandela, awayona emuva impilo, kodwa kuyosisiza ukuba sinqobe nokudangala, ukulahlekelwa, ubuyele ngendlela evamile khona bese udala abantu abangashadile imibhangqwana ezingezwani. Kuyini, isiguli utshela udokotela, kanti isiguli kancane kancane siqala ukuba nokholo kungenzeka ukuzala enempilo.

On esigabeni emzabalazweni kanye nesimo futhi bacindezeleke it is hhayi Kunconywa ukuba abeke umsebenzi onzima futhi efinyelela kude imigomo, kufuthwe ezidinga ngokwabo. Amabhizinisi amakhulu sehlukaniswe izinyathelo ezimbalwa ezilula, kwaba ukuqaphela ukuthi namuhla abantu ekulindele, okuholela kuyo amahlaya okuhle. ukudluliselwa kwe-HIV e imibhangqwana ezingezwani asikwazi kuthathwe njengoba asengozini. A isimo sengqondo sokugxeka self, nokuzibhaxabula ingakuthuthukisi esimweni sengqondo, kodwa injabulo encane, ukudla oyintandokazi, ukubukela i show ezithakazelisayo uzokwenza isifiso sokuphila acute ngaphezulu.

Ukuze banciphise umthelela omubi ukugwema zonke izinhlobo zokucindezeleka, hhayi ukuxhumana nabangane ezingemnandi, ukukhomba ezibucayi ngesimo sokuziphatha bese uzama ukugwema kubo ngakulahla nganoma iyiphi indlela. Njalo ekuseni iqala kokuvivinya umzimba, ukushaja okudambisa imisipha nezingxabano sezinzwa, okwakwenziwa ukuhamba ngokwemvelo noma epaki, njengoba ukwenza imibhangqwana eminingi ezingezwani. ingozi yokutheleleka kwabanye asihlobene, kanti isiguli kuzoletha imizwelo eyakhayo.

Okubalulekile iyona ukunamathela kosuku ukunciphisa imizwa ukuthi akusho kutsi labo bakha emigqeni kanzima. Kunengqondo zihlanganisa isikhathi sakusihlwa, ubuthongo ezikhathini eziningi ulokhu uphaphama, kumnandi, imisebenzi elula futhi uxoxe ukuqonda abangane. Kunconywa ukuba ngakususi kusukela ekudleni iziphuzo eqinile noma izinto psychotropic, okuyinto ziyasuswa ngesikhathi nakho okungokomoya, kodwa sisonke isikhathi isimo Kuvunguza ingalawuleki.

Ngisho nabantu enempilo ukugcina imizwa ngokwabo, maningi amathuba okuthi bacindezelekile, seduze kangaka usizi lwakhe akulona ikhambi best, kubalulekile ukuba sihlakulele isimo sengqondo esihle imicabango. Ukuphila pair ezingezwani kusho ukuthi umuntu akufanele siyithathe kalula ukuzethemba, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sinjalo noma kuvela, udinga nibheka umhlaba ngeso elibanzi futhi uzame ukwenza okuningi okuhle.

umthamo wemvula Ukuhlela umndeni ezingezwani

Ukuze uhlobo olukhethekile ngazimbili ebonwe AIDS Centre kukhona ezingezwani imibhangqwana. Kuyini lokhu? Iningi labangane bomshado, uma umlingani oyedwa kuphela ezikhonjwe igciwane, sibhekene kokuzalwa umntwana ophile. Abaningi babo senzeka ngokwezenhlalo nendwangu umbhangqwana, babe esiphuthumayo ukuthola ulwazi ukusekela umuntu esimthandayo.

Uma uwukuba abesifazane elinegciwane, kunamathuba amaningi ukuba akhulelwe futhi abelethe ingane ephile saka ngaphandle ingozi amadoda igciwane. I-Centre owakwakhe kudokotela uyofuna icebiso, ezithathelwanayo Ochwepheshe isifo, epidemiologists, gynecologists, umkhuba amathiphu wathola futhi abazali bajabule. izindlela zesimanje yesayensi wokutadisha ukudluliswa perinatal igciwane kungenzeka ukuthola umntwana ophile komama abanegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza e-98-99%.

imibhangqwana ezingezwani lapho indoda ithelelekile, sibonga ngemithi yanamuhla ebekiwe umlingani ngaphambi umuntu ekhulelwa, futhi nethuba uthole ingane ephile saka. Ukuhlolwa lokhu kunqoba ophilisa zonke ingane abangathelelekile, ozalwa emndenini - lena isizukulwane sethu esizayo nomunye iyunithi walondoloza umphakathi. ingozi Ilondolozwe yokudlulisela igciwane esibambisene umama onegciwane, kodwa isayensi yanamuhla, futhi kulokhu inikeza imibhangqwana impumelelo yakamuva. Medicine inikeza ubuchwepheshe zokuzala, ikakhulukazi ICSI, IVF, imibhangqwana ezingezwani. Ucwaningo lwamuva luye lwabonisa ukuthi ukutheleleka nge-HIV akusho ukubeka izithiyo lezo zinqubo.

Kokuthintana isikhungo aphethwe njalo mahhala. Izibonelo ukwelashwa abazali ezingezwani uthi ngezinga eliphezulu ukuzethemba bekezela ngaphakathi the Ochwepheshe umtholampilo, mayelana kuwusizo umsebenzi ngokondla ulwazi oludingekayo ukuze iziguli abaswele. Eminyakeni yokugcina zinezikhathi ukwanda imibhangqwana esasebenza ngayo ezikhathini ezintathu noma ngaphezulu.

izinkinga Umcabango ojwayelekile

Izibalo show ukuthi azalele futhi babe abazali bayajabula manje imibhangqwana ezingezwani. Ukukhulelwa kuyinto engenakwenzeka enjalo ngisho eminyakeni yamuva, kuzaliseke ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane umntwana osanda kuzalwa. Uma umndeni isethelwe uthole ukuba nomntwana ophile kahle izindlela zanamuhla zokukhulekela izinyathelo zokuvimbela kuyoyisiza kule. kuphakama Izinkinga kuphela uma kwenzeka ukuthi umkhandlu futhi izindlela zesimanje indiva, lokhu kuholela ingozi yokutheleleka we omunye okubanjiswene naye, kaningi abesifazane.

Conception kuyinto ubuhlobo bobulili olungavikelekile, ngenxa yalokhu, umlingani abangathelelekile ugijima ingozi yokuba nesifo. Uma sikhuluma umbhangqwana lapho impilo ezingutsheni zabesifazane, ngocansi ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane esikhathini esizayo umbungu lingaphezulu kakhulu kuno uma umlingani ezinegciwane ebelibangise imiphumela yokuhlolwa ezimbi.

Thabani e namuhla ufuna izithandani ezingezwani. HIV ayilona isigwebo sokufa, ngoba ososayensi abasebenza ukwakha amathuluzi eklanyelwe ukwehlisa ingozi yokutheleleka kuyinto ngokuhlangana ngokocansi.

Imithetho kwesisu pair ezingezwani nowesifazane onegciwane

Lapho olungavikelekile ubulili ingozi yokuthola igciwane kancane Umuntu uyedlula-owesifazane, kodwa ukuqeda ngokuphelele isifo umlingani ehluleka. Ukuze udlulisele akuyona kwenziwe, okunengqondo ukusebenzisa indlela sokukhulelwa ekhaya. Ukuze wenze lokhu, ekhemisi ithengiswe idivayisi ekhethekile elikuvumela ukuba ukungena eceleni zithathwe isidoda ngqo embotsheni sowesifazane ukuze sithele. Zonke imininingwane okuhle inqubo zichazwe imanuwali kudivayisi noma unikezwa, ngokuxhumana udokotela.

It is le ndlela isetshenziswa esikhathini nge-ovulation kwabesifazane, yini okufanele zikhunjulwe ambalwa ezingezwani. HIV ukubaleka, uma sichaza isikhathi ngendlela efanele. Ngenxa yale njongo, ubheke labo wezifo zabesifazane onekhono noma uthenge esivivinyweni ikhemisi. Akukho umbono kufaneleko ezingaba nomthelela impilo ingane, kodwa amazwi anjalo ikude ngokoqobo, njengoba kuboniswa izibalo ezazihlala zikhona.

Amathiphu kokukhulelwa igqoke nomuntu onegciwane

Kulokhu, izinkinga nje ebamba isisu khona ngezinga elikhulu kakhulu. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka Uchwepheshe isidoda zesifazane uhlanzekile athuthukile indlela. Nokho, le ndlela sisebenza kuphela emitholampilo angaphandle. Ngaphandle kwale nqubo, ingozi yokudlulisela umlingani ukhona futhi ungokoqobo, zihluke kangaka akwazi ukubhekana nalesi sifo imibhangqwana ezingezwani. Ingozi yokutheleleka is ziyekwa zingalawulwa, abanye ubheke institutionalization izingane zokutholwa, kanti amanye asebenzisa yokufakelwa insemination indlela kusuka ukunikela ngezitho abangathelelekile.

labantu indlela ephumelela ukunciphisa igciwane lichaza ekwakheni isidoda ngesikhathi ebamba isisu. Umlingane Osebenzelana Naye uthatha imishanguzo ukuthi unciphise umthwalo ukutheleleka ukuze ezingeni elithile. Le ndlela akuqinisekisi futhi awukwazi ukuvikela imibhangqwana ezingezwani. HIV wegciwane kwesidoda akusho ngaso sonke isikhathi sihambisana inkomba efanayo egazini, kodwa futhi indlela yokunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela igciwane izikhathi eziningi.

Indlela elandelayo lokuvikela ingozi ukusetshenziswa owesifazane ngokushesha ngemva antiretroviral kocansi. ukuncipha okukhulu kangaka ukutheleleka kuyaqabukela esetshenziswa, njengoba odokotela bakhathazekile nomthelela omubi izidakamizwa ku Ngokuzayo umbungu. Ukuze kuncishiswe ingozi yokutheleleka ngesikhathi sokuhlala kwesisu, abalingani kumelwe kube khona nezinye izifo urogenital. Ngokwesibonelo, i-chlamydia, isipatsholo, ugcunsula kanye nezinye lesion ezithathelwanayo ngezinga elithile ekuboniseni neqhaza Ukungena igciwane ngokusebenzisa isithiyo embundwini.

Ukunciphisa ingozi yokudlulisela umntwana phakathi nokukhulelwa kanye lactation

Udokotela izifo ezithathelwanayo lesigceme kusaqalwa esesibelethweni athuthukile ngayinye esizayo ngamunye umama abanegciwane kuhlelo ngabanye Ukuvikelwa. Isakhiwo kuhlanganisa lokumamukela zokwelapha ARV, okuyinto Bamiswa ngemva balifundisise impilo abesifazane ukufunda umphumela izidakamizwa somntwana ongakazalwa. Owesifazane okhulelwe one-HIV kumelwe anakekele ikakhulukazi ukuze impilo yabo, cabanga ikusasa ingane ngokugcwele, ngakho umsebenzi wakhe oyinhloko kadokotela ukuhambisana udokotela okuqinile sika.

Indlela ephephe kunazo kwezidingo kwesigaba cesarean Nokho kubhekwe, ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge cwaningo kanye nezivivinyo, udokotela ugunyaza ukuqhuba ukudiliva evamile, uma zinkomba evamile. Ngesikhathi sokuncelisa ibele emva kokuzalwa umntwana inikezwa engashiyi yokwelapha namagciwane, kodwa abesifazane abancelisayo kufanele siyeke, njengoba kwandisa ingozi yokutheleleka wengane abaningi izikhathi. Ukuze amandla okulungiselelwe ubisi lwebhodlela kanye amalungiselelo Kulezo zimo Sokuzivikela imibhangqwana ezingezwani abaku- yokwelapha ukuvimbela ukudluliswa kwe-virus ozama ukulondoloza impilo ingane.

Nutrition ngoba iziguli ezinegciwane lesandulela-ngculaza

Ukudla yemvelo kanye nemikhiqizo izinga asize umzimba ngasiphi isigaba azolwa negciwane, njengoba unezela amandla futhi kuthuthukisa ukuzivikela mzimba. I oyisisekelo okukhiwa up Ukudla kuba ukufakwa ukudla amandla-aminyene eliphezulu amaprotheni ukudla. Uma isiguli kwake zazidla isikimu enjalo, ngeke ube wokubukeza izimiso ukusetshenziswa ukudla.

Ukudla okunomsoco olwabiwa imibhangqwana eminingi ezingezwani. Yilokho-ke kusho ngokuya ukupheka lokunyathelisa nenani ukudla:

• ukudla basakaza ngokulinganayo usuku lonke, inombolo okungenani izikhathi ezine;
• yokudla okunempilo ngempela ukwethula emikhiqizweni angokwemvelo njengesizathu ushizi okuqinile Shredded, ikhaya ibhotela, ukhilimu, usebenzisa imayonnaise okuzenzela;
• amanzi ekudleni esikhundleni ayo, izithelo iziphuzo, ubisi, iyogathi, uma umzimba usabela kahle imikhiqizo yobisi;
• qiniseka ukungena ekudleni eliphezulu ushokoledi, ukhilimu, ubisi ice okhilimu;
• nsuku zonke kudliwe izingxenye umnyuziki amaprotheni ukudla okungenani ezintathu, Isibonelo izingxenye uwukuthi, isibonelo, oyedwa noma inkukhu ham, amaqanda amabili, izinhlu ezimbili tincetu ushizi noma esosweni shelled namantongomane.

Ngaphezu ephoqelelwe ukudla Ukudla siqukethe okusanhlamvu (ukudla abazili), amazambane, isinkwa. Ukuthuthukisa motility emathunjini zihlanganisa imifino eluhlaza kanye abilisiwe, izithelo noma ijusi kuzo. Ukuze sibe sibi nakakhulu. esifweni, kufanele baqikelele ukugeza izithelo nemifino ngaphambi kokudla. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukusebenzisa imikhiqizo Semi-siphelile Lokudabuka ezingabazisayo, amasosishi nokudayisa ukudla okungabizi.

Imithetho eyisisekelo lokuthola elangeni

Ukuzwela kubonisa ushintsho esimweni lapho ngisho esincane kwelanga icuphe yokusabela kwalo kwesikhumba. ukuzwela ngokuvamile kwenzeka ngemva kokuvakashela solarium. Ukuthenga imali kusuka elangeni, benaka ekhethekile ukhilimu, njengoba ezinye izingxenye kubangele yezinkinga:

• izingxenye oily based ayo e-sandalwood, umsedari, lemon, bergamot;
• enkulu ekwakhekeni izimonyo futhi uyavikela lo muthi ukusetshenziswa ayingozi 6-methylcoumarin, imiphumela engathandeki esikhumbeni ngoba abantu abane-HIV.

ukuzwela isikhumba Iziguli onegciwane kubangelwa imithi ethile, isizathu kungase kungabi, kanye igciwane uqobo. Iziguli eziningi uhlushwa luvelo emisebeni yelanga. Climb isifo sokusha kwesibindi kohlobo C kuchubekisela naleli thonya elilimazayo. Ukuvikela emisebeni ukukhanya belulekwa ukugqoka isigqoko nge phama ububanzi, beyomboza umzimba okuqinile futhi izingubo akazange ukusebenzisa yokufakelwa emisebeni yelanga. Ukushiswa yilanga zisebenza okhilimu kanye nokuvikelwa isici okungenani 50.

Ekuphetheni, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi ukuhlonza umzimba yokutheleleka nge-HIV akusho ukumisa ngokushesha zokuphila. Ngemva kokutshelwa ngokukhubazeka kwengane esidumazayo liyaqhubeka abahlala ambalwa ezingezwani nokuhlobana lowo omthandayo, ngoba lo mbhangqwana kukhona kuyithuba elihle kakhulu lokupha abe abazali agcwele. Abantu abaningi ngemva kokumiswa isimo elinegciwane ayaqala ukuba ahole indlela yokuphila enempilo, bese igciwane ezimbi zivame ukufiphala ku isikhathi, okuvumela ukuba enze izinto eziningi ezimangalisayo.