Ikhibhodi yekhompyutha: isabelo esiyinhloko, incazelo. Ikhibhodi yekhompyutha ye-English

Ikhibhodi ingenye yezingxenye zokuqala ze-hardware nezokubaluleke kakhulu zekhompyutha. Ububanzi bamamodeli nezixazululo zokuklama bukhulu kakhulu. Kukhona imikhiqizo yangempela ngokuphelele. Nasi umqondo othakazelisayo kakhulu, lapho ikhibhodi yekhompyutha ikwenziwa (isithombe ngezansi).

Kodwa-ke, naphezu kwenani elikhulu lezixazululo zokuklama emakethe yekhibhodi, imisebenzi nemigomo yezihluthulelo cishe kuzo zonke izinguquko zemikhiqizo yalolu hlobo zihlelwe ngokuvumelana nomgomo owodwa. Yiyiphi?

Isakhiwo sekhibhodi

Amakhokhibhodi wamakhompyutha anamuhla anezinkinobho ezingu-101 noma ezingu-102, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amaningana. Lezi yizihluthulelo zomsebenzi, i-alfabeti, idijithali, isevisi, ukulawula, futhi okuthiwa i-modifiers. Cabanga ngenhloso yekhibhodi okhiye wohlobo ngalunye.

Izinkinobho zomsebenzi

Izinkinobho eziphelele zalolu hlobo 12. Zinde kakhulu kudala zihlanganisa ikhibhodi yekhompyutha. Inhloso yezihluthulelo, incazelo yabo itholakala ezincwadini eziningi zobuchwepheshe kwezobuchwepheshe, eshicilelwe ngaphambi kokusungulwa kwe-PC ngendlela yayo yamanje. Izinkinobho zomsebenzi zihlelwe emgqeni owodwa (ngokuvamile), phezulu kakhulu kwekhibhodi. Ake sihlole izici zabo.

Inhloso yokusebenza okhiye ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yamasiko emvelo abakhiqizi bekhompyutha ne-software, hhayi ngezindinganiso eziqinile. Kunezinhlobo ezithile zemigomo evunyelwe ngokuvamile yokuhlanganisa izinkinobho zaleli qembu ngezenzo ezithile. Kodwa akukwazi ukukhishwa ukuthi abathengisi be-software ngabanye bangathanda ukunikeza umsebenzi okhiye okhiye bokusebenza njengoba befuna. Ake sithathe isimo lapho kufanele sicindezele lezi zinkinobho, sisebenze ku-Windows, sithi, inguqulo yesi-7.

Kulesi simo, ukhiye we-F1 uzoba nomthwalo wokubiza isimiso sosizo lwe-OS. Izinhlelo eziningi ezisebenza ku-Windows zisho nokusebenza kosizo ngokucindezela i-F1.

Isihluthulelo se-F2 ngokuvamile sinesibopho sokuqamba amafayela namafolda ku-Windows. Umsebenzi ofanayo emva kwawo uhleli lapho usebenza kwezinye iziphathimandla zefayela.

Inkinobho ye-F3 e-Windows ibiza i-OS yokusesha injini, ifolda ehlukile noma isikhombimsebenzisi esifanayo ezinhlelweni eziningi. Isibonelo, uma uvula umbhalo kumhleli, bese ucindezela u-F3, ungasesha igama elifisayo noma ibinzana.

Isihluthulelo se-F4 ngokuvamile sihlotshaniswa kuWindows ngemisebenzi emibili: iya kubha yamakheli kumphathi wefayela odidiyelwe we-OS, nomlando wokubonisa.

Inkinobho ye-F5 ikuvumela ukuba ubuyekeze ukuboniswa kwezinto kufolda, kwideskithophu noma, isibonelo, ikhasi elisefasiteleni lesiphequluli.

Isihluthulelo se-F6 sinokufana okufanayo esabelweni nge-F4. Ikuvumela ukuthi uhumushe isikhombisi sombhalo kubha yamakheli yomphathi wefayili ye-Windows, okwamanje awubonisi umlando.

Isabelo samakhikhikhi ekhibhodi yekhompiyutha ku-F7-F9 uchungechunge, kanye ne-F12 inkinobho e-Windows, ayichazwa ngokucacile. Konke kuxhomeke kwisicelo esithile lapho umsebenzisi esebenza khona. Kulesi simo, uhlelo olukhethekile lokunikeza izinkinobho lungasetshenziswa.

Inkinobho ye-F10 inesibopho sokubiza into engakwesokunxele semenyu ku-interface yomsebenzi. Isibonelo, uma iwindi leZwi livuliwe, umsebenzisi, ngokucindezela i-F10, uvula imenyu "yefayela".

Ikhi ye-F11 ivumela ukuguqulwa okusheshayo kwewindi kwimodi egcwele-skrini (noma ngokuphambene nalokho).

Izinkinobho zokulawula

Kulabo, njengomthetho, thwala izinkinobho zemicibisholo - ngakwesokudla, ngakwesobunxele, phezulu nangaphezulu. Zenzelwe ukwenza imisebenzi ukuhambisa izinto esikrinini, ukulawula izinhlamvu kumageyimu wekhompyutha, njll Futhi zingasetshenziswa ukubeka isikhombisi ematheksthini.

Izinhlamvu ze-Alphabet

Bamba indawo ephakathi kwekhibhodi. Esikhathini sokulinganisa kwamanani ezinkinobho ezinjalo kakhulu, izinga elijwayelekile liyizicucu ezingu-47. Ikhibhodi yekhompyutha yesiNgisi, njengombuso, ifaka izinkinobho zamagama ngendlela ehlanzekile. Okusho ukuthi, ngaphandle kwabo, akukho okuvame ukuboniswa okhiye. IsiRashiya kuvame ukuvumela ukusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esisodwa kwezinkinobho zezincwadi ezithile futhi "njengabathwali" bezimpawu zokubhala. Uma ucindezela ngaphandle kokuzihlanganise nabanye (isibonelo, i-modifiers), khona-ke izinhlamvu eziyinhloko zizofakwa. Ngenhlanganisela efanele, izimpawu zokubhala.

Futhi, kwezinye izimo, izinkomba zencwadi zikuvumela ukuba ulawule into esikrinini, uma lokhu kunikezwa wuhlelo noma umdlalo wekhompiyutha (okuhlukile kokubili kuvamile). Ngalo mqondo, izinkomba zamagama ngezinye izikhathi zingaba "abalawuli".

Izinkinobho zenombolo

Baya, ngokuya kokucushwa komfanekiso othile wekhibhodi, bangafakwa phezulu kwe-block alphabetic, futhi kwezinye izimo - nezinkinobho ngakwesokudla kwedivaysi (ngokuvamile kumakhibhodi amakhulu we-PC namathtops ngokuvamile awanamathele).

Esimweni sesibili, leli bhokisi eliyisihluthulelo liwusizo ngokubaluleka. Kukhona nezinkinobho ezihlukahlukene ezisizayo zokusebenza kokuphindaphinda, ukwahlukana, ukususa, ukuhlanganisa, kukhona ukhiye wokungena.

Izilungiso

Inhloso yamakhibhodi ekhibhodi abelwe "ama-modifiers" ukuguqula isisekelo semilayezo yokufaka usebenzisa okhiye bokusebenza, izinkinobho zamagama noma izinkinobho zezinombolo ngokucindezela kanyekanye. Lona yi-CTRL, ALT, futhi i-SHIFT. Abanye ochwepheshe nabo babhekisela ezinkinobho zokuguqula i-CAPS LOCK, INSERT, SCROLL LOCK ne-NUM LOCK. Olunye ochwepheshe bahlukanisa lezi zihluthulelo ezine eqenjini elihlukile - izinkinobho okuthiwa "imodi".

Cabanga ngezenzo ezivame kakhulu ongazisebenzisa ngazo lezi zihluthulelo. Ikhibhodi yekhompuyutha ihlelwe ukuze umsebenzisi angene idatha hhayi ngosizo lwezinkinobho zenkinobho olulodwa, kodwa futhi ngokuhlanganiswa. Imisebenzi eminingi ye "modifiers" yenziwa ngokuqondile ngenxa yalokhu kungenzeka.

Abasebenzisi bavame ukuhlanganisa izinkinobho ekhibhodi ngekhi ye-ALT. Isibonelo, uma ucindezela inhlanganisela ye-ALT ne-TAB, ungashintsha amafasitela wezinhlelo ezahlukene - kusuka komunye kuya kwesinye. Ukusebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-ALT no-F4, umsebenzisi uvala uhlelo lokusebenza olusebenzayo.

Okuthandwa kakhulu yizinhlanganisela zekhibhodi nge-CTRL. Isibonelo, inhlanganisela yalesi sikhiye ne "C" ikuvumela ukukopisha ngokushesha into noma indawo yedatha - ifayela, ifolda, umbhalo, isithombe, njll, ebhodini lokunamathisela. Ungakwazi ukufaka ngokushesha "ikhophi" ngokucindezela i-CTRL + V. Uma ufaka i- "X" ye- "C", idatha ekhethiwe "iyokwa" kusukela endaweni yangempela, futhi ngemuva kokucindezela i-CTRL + V idluliselwa ku-entsha.

Enye yezinkinobho zokuguqula kakhulu ezicindezelweyo yi-SHIFT. Kuhlangene nalo abasebenzisi abaningi abhala izinhlamvu ezinkulu ematheksthini.

Ama-hotkeys

Abanye ochwepheshe babiza izinkinobho zokuguqula ukushisa. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lo msebenzisi unikeza umsebenzisi amandla okwenza uhlobo oluthile lwesenzo ngokushesha, okungathatha isikhathi esiningi uma usebenzisa, uthi, igundane. Ezinye izibonelo ezibonisa inhloso yokushisa, sesivele sikhulume: tshela, ukukopisha umbhalo usebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-CTRL, C, X ne-V, kuvame ukushesha kunesimo sokushaya ucingo kumenyu yokuqukethwe negundane.

Ngokuvamile inhlanganisela esetshenzisiwe ye "modifiers" phakathi kwabo. Isibonelo, uma umsebenzisi enekhibhodi "yaseRussia" kukhompyutha - ukuhlelwa kungashintshwa ku "IsiNgisi" uma ucindezela i-ALT ne-SHIFT. Futhi ngokuphambene nalokho.

Izinkonzo zesevisi

Kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zazo ezikhibhodi. Ochwepheshe ngokuvamile babhekisela kubo i-ESC, IKHASI LOKUQALA, IKHASI LOKUPHAKATHI, PRTSC, PAUSE, DEL, BACKSPACE, HOME, END, WIN, ENTER, TAB, ne-SPACE izinkinobho, noma, ngesiRashiya, isikhala. Kunombono wokuthi, ngomqondo obanzi, "ukulawula okhiye" kanye "nokuguqula" nakho "okhiye wezinsizakalo", ngakho-ke kungaba ngcono ukuhlukanisa izinkinobho ngendlela ehlukile. Kodwa azikho izindinganiso ezifanelwe, ngesikhathi esifanayo, ayikho into enjalo kulo magazini.

Okudume kakhulu

I-key, mhlawumbe, esetshenziselwa ukhiye we-utility njalo yi-SPACE. Ibeka ingenalutho uma uthayipha. Ngokuhambisana ne-INSERT (uma imodi ehambisanayo ivaliwe), lesi sikhiye sula izinhlamvu ezifakiwe.

Mhlawumbe, ukhiye wesibili odumile kakhulu phakathi kwamakhi wezinsizakalo ngu-ENTER. Unemisebenzi eminingi. Ukuqokomisa okuyinhloko kunzima, singasho ukuthi kuneqembu eliyisihluthulelo: livula ifayela, ifolda, ukuqala uhlelo (noma isenzo esithile esivele siqalisiwe), futhi nokuhumusha umbhalo emgqeni omusha. Emabhobhobhodi anendawo ehlukile yezinkinobho ezinombolo (ngakwesokudla), ngokuvamile kune-ENTER ikhi eyengeziwe.

Inkinobho ye-ESC ivame ukusetshenziswa. Kuvame ukufaka isicelo sokukhansela kwanoma yisiphi isenzo. Isibonelo, uma umbukeli wezithombe evuliwe, bese ucindezela iSC uzoyivala. Uma, ngempela, inkinobho ehambelanayo yenkinobho ifakwe kwisicelo: ezimweni eziningi izinhlelo aziphenduli ESC ecindezelayo.

Kuyathakazelisa ukwabela ukhiye we-PRTSC. Ngalo ungenza lokho okuthiwa "ama-skrini" - izikrini zokudweba zeskrini kwesikhashana esithile ngesikhathi. Ukuze ulondoloze isithombe efayeleni elihlukile, udinga ukuqhuba uhlelo oluthile lokucubungula izithombe, isibonelo, i-Paint noma i-Photoshop, bese "unamathisele" endaweni ehleliwe (ngaphandle kwalokho, usebenzisa inhlanganisela ye-CTRL no-V), bese ulondoloza efayeleni ngendlela elula .

Kuvamile, kodwa kuyadingeka

Manje sizofunda okungavamile ukusetshenziswa, kodwa ewusizo kwezinye izimo izinkinobho zesevisi. Lezi zifaka i-SCROLL LOCK ne-PAUSE. Isihluthulelo sokuqala senzelwe ukushintsha imodi yokusebenzisa imicibisholo yokulawula. Ngakho, isibonelo, uma ucindezela izinkinobho "ezifanele" noma "ezisele", iwindi elisebenzayo liya ehlangothini elihambelanayo. Ikhi ye-PAUSE ingaba usizo uma uhlelo noma inqubo isebenza ku-PC enomsebenzi wokumisa okwesikhashana. Isibonelo, ngaphambi kokulayisha iWindows, ulwazi oluhlukahlukene lwesistimu luboniswa esikrinini se-PC. Uma umsebenzisi enesithakazelo ekukufuneni, kodwa akanaso isikhathi sokukwenza ngenxa yokushintsha okusheshayo kwekhompiyutha kuya ku-Windows ukulayisha, "anganciphisa" inqubo ngokucindezela ukhiye we-PAUSE. Uma-ke, lokhu kukuvumela ukuba wenze isikhombimsebenzisi se-software - izilungiswa zayo zibekwa ngumenzi wekhompyutha noma umkhiqizi we-motherboard. Ukuze uqhubeke nenkambo yohlelo, ngokuvamile kuvame ukucindezela noma iyiphi inkinobho kukhibhodi.

Okusha futhi ewusizo

Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngenkathi kuqhubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, ikhibhodi yekhompyutheni iyaqhubeka ithuthukiswa futhi yakamuva. Inhloso yezihluthulelo, incazelo yabo ingahluka. Kodwa lokhu akuyona kuphela isici sokuziphendukela kwemvelo kwezobuchwepheshe. Izihluthulelo ezintsha zingabuye zengezwe bese ziba yizici, ingxenye yezindinganiso ezivunyelwe ngokuvamile.

Phakathi kwezinkinobho ezisha kakhulu ziyi-WIN, futhi "nemenyu". Ziboniswa kumakhibhodi, njengombuso, ngemidwebo. I-WIN - ngesimo sefulegi eliqondene ne-Microsoft, ukhiye wesibili - efomini, empeleni, imenyu yenkomfa ngezinto, ngezinye izikhathi - ne-cursor yegundane.

Ikhi ye- WIN iqukethe cishe noma iyiphi ikhibhodi yekhompyutha yesimanje eguqulelwe iWindows. Isithombe - ngezansi.

Empeleni, ukubukeka kokubili izinkinobho kucatshangwa, kwakukholelwa ukuthi, kungenxa yokukhululwa emakethe yomhlaba wesistimu yokusebenza yeWindows.

Ukhiye we-WIN

Isihluthulelo se-WIN, ngokuyinhloko, singabizwa ngokuthi "ashisayo", ngoba ezimweni eziningi izenzo ezihambisana nayo zenziwa, okokuqala, ngokuhambisana nezinye izinkinobho, futhi okwesibili, ziphindaphinda (ngokusebenza okusheshayo ngokushesha) Yakhiwe igundane. Qaphela ukuthi uma ucindezela i-WIN ngokwehlukile, imenyu ethi "Qala" ivame ukuvulwa.

Cabangela inhlanganisela ewusizo "okushisayo" usebenzisa ukhiye we-WIN.

Inhlanganisela i-WIN + D ikuvumela ukuba unciphise wonke amafasitela wesicelo ovulekile (noma, ngokuphambene, usebenzise).

Ukuhlanganiswa kwezinkinobho ze- WIN no-R kuyasiza kusuka ekubukeni kokubiza ifasitela lokuqalisa okusheshayo (lapho ungafaka khona igama lefayela eliyinhloko, emva kwalokho isicelo sizoqala).

Inhlanganisela ye-WIN ne-PAUSE (kulokhu, ngenye indlela, enye impahla ewusizo yesihluthulelo sesibili) ivula imenyu yempahla ye "Ikhompyutha yami".

Yini ewusizo ekhiye "Imenyu"? Ngokuyisisekelo, kuhlotshaniswa nesenzo esifanayo umsebenzisi owenza ngokuchofoza inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla lapho isikhombisi sikhombisa ifayela noma ifolda. Okusho ukuthi imenyu yomongo ivulwa , ehlanganisa izinketho ezihlukahlukene. Abasebenzisi abaningi bakuthola kube lula ukusebenzisa lolu msebenzi ngosizo lwekhibhodi, hhayi igundane.

Ama-nuances of standard

Inhloso yamakhibhodi ekhibhodi wekhompiyutha, njengoba sesibonile ngaphambili, kunalokho isethi yemithetho echazwe ngamasiko kunamazinga angaphandle. Kodwa-ke, abakhiqizi bama-computer nesofthiwe, ngandlela-thile, zama ukungazami ngokuqinile nokuhlangana kwezinkinobho ezinsha, ezingafaneleki kwezinye izixazululo zemakethe, imisebenzi.

Abasebenzisi abaningi bangase bangathandi ikhibhodi engavamile yikhomputha, injongo yezihluthulelo, incazelo yemisebenzi yayo. Abanikazi abaningi be-PC bakhetha ukuthi izinkinobho ezijwayelekile "ezishisayo", ezisebenzayo noma ezisebenzayo zisebenza njengasezinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi. Ngakho-ke, amaphethini ahlongozwe ngenhla aphathelene nokwabiwa kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zezihluthulelo, ngokujwayelekile, ayasebenza cishe wonke amamodeli ekhiphedi. Kanti, abathengisi be-software bazama ukuhlanganisa imisebenzi yohlelo lokusebenza ku-algorithms engaphezulu noma engaziwayo emakethe.

Amazinga weWindows kwezinye izinhlelo

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngisho nakwizinhlelo zokusebenza ngaphandle kwe-Windows (isibonelo, i-Linux), ububanzi bezabelo eziyinhloko ngokujwayelekile kufana kakhulu nalokhu okuchazwe ngenhla. Ezinkambisweni eziningi zokuqhudelana, i-Windows yokuqala ikhibhodi yekhompiyutha - isabelo samakhi, incazelo yalo - kubonisa izici ezifanayo ezikhona ku-OS kusuka ku-Microsoft. Lithinte ngisho nekhiye le-WIN. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kuyinto ejwayelekile ye-Windows, imisebenzi yayo kwezinye i-OS kwezinye izimo zifana kakhulu nohlu lokuqala lwezabelo. Ungasho "ama-modifier" ukuthi ikhibhodi yekhompyutha iqukethe. Ukuhlelwa phakathi kwezilimi ezinokuhlanganiswa kwe-ALT ne-SHIFT kuhluke hhayi ku-Windows kuphela.