I-Yusupov Palace eMoscow: ikheli, isithombe

I-Yusupov Palace eMoscow ingenye yezakhiwo zomphakathi zakudala. Ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo kubangelwa ikhulu le-XVII noma ukuqala kwe-XVIII, nakuba ukuphola kusatshalaliswa. Igumbi lasendulo lama-Yusupovs yindlela eyisimangaliso yokwakha, eyaziwa yi-Great Charitonyevsky umzila eduze noChrisye Prudy, ojwayele wonke amaMuscovites. Ngebude bayo nenani lezinhlaka eziphawulekayo, umzila ungaphazamisa izitaladi eziningi.

I-Yusupov Palace eMoscow (isithombe kulesi sihloko sibhekisela ekwakhiweni kwaleso sakhiwo) kuyigugu langempela lenhloko-dolobha. Isakhiwo sibhekwa njengenye yezinto ezinkulu kakhulu zamagugu amasiko.

Kulabo abanesithakazelo lapho isigodlo saseYusupov siseMoscow - ikheli: Isifunda EsiPhakathi Sokuphatha, isifundazwe saseBasmanny, iB. Kharitonievsky per., 21, ikhasi 4.

Ukuphela kwekhulu le-XVII kubhekwa njengosuku oluyinhloko yokwakhiwa. Ngaleso sikhathi, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezinamakamelo amabili, ezihlotshiswe ngesitayela saseBosque saseMoscow. Mhlawumbe, kwakukhona iphansi lesithathu lezingodo, okwakuhlala kuyo. Isakhiwo kwakuyikamelo lokugubha emagcekeni. Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XVIII. Ekhoneni lasenyakatho-ntshonalanga yesigodlo kwanezelwa okubizwa ngokuthi igumbi lokudlela elinegama elibanzi. Ngaphansi kukaPeter I wonke umgwaqo waseMyasnitskaya waphenduka waba ngumgwaqo omkhulu wokuhamba kombuso. Esifundazweni saqala ukuhlala endaweni.

I-Palace Volkov-Yusupov eMoscow: abanikazi bokuqala

Owokuqala, owaziwa ngokuthi ungumnikazi wesigodlo ku-B. Kharitonievsky, wayengomunye wabangane bakaPeter I, i-vice-chancellor, i-chevalier ye-Order of St. Andrew the First-Called, idiplomat eyaziwa kakhulu PP Shafirov. Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi yiShafirov eyakha izingxenye zokuqala eziyinkimbinkimbi ezakha i-Yusupov Palace eMoscow.

Ngemva kokwenza umsebenzi ophumelelayo, ngo-1723 lesi sikhulu sasingenandaba nombusi. Ugwetshwe ukufa, okuyinto ngomzuzu wokugcina eyathathwa esikhundleni seSiberia. Lowo owayengumdiplathi wayenqatshelwe iziqu, izigaba, yonke impahla.

I-Pyotr Andreevich Tolstoy

Isakhiwo eKhayritonyevsky Lane (i-Future Yusupov Palace eMoscow) sidluliselwa ku-Count PA Tolstoy. Inhloko ye-Chancellery eyimfihlo ngesikhathi ngaleso sikhathi yayisabekayo kubantu ababephila nabo. Inzalo yakhe yilaba abalobi abadumile bakaTolstoy - u-Alexei Konstantinovich noLevi Nikolaevich. Ngenxa yokubamba iqhaza kwakhe esigodlweni ngokumelene neMenshikov, uPeter Andreevich waboshwa eSolovki.

Wethembela isikhulu esinezinkampani ezibhekene nezikhulu zakwa-Ober-Secretary of Ya. Volkov

Olandelayo, okwakukhona kuyo i-Yusupov Palace eMoscow, wayengumngane osondelene kakhulu "nesikhulu esincane kunazo zonke" i-A. Ya. Volkov. Echaza isimo semisebenzi eyabelwe yona, okwakuyizinkinga eziningi, uVolkov wayengenye yezinceku zakhe ezithembeke kakhulu. Ngemuva kokuqothulwa kwabahlonishwayo, iVolkov yayinqatshelwe isikhundla esiphezulu, kanye nesigodlo saseKhayritonyevsky.

Ukuthuka kwamaGeni

Le ndawo yathunyelwa enqolobaneni yemali, futhi ngo-1727 yanikwa iNkosana GD Yusupov, ummeli womunye wemindeni enhle kunazo zonke yaseRussia, umlando wakhe ubuya kuma-Middle Ages.

Izazi-mlando zikholelwa ukuthi umsunguli wakhe nguYusuf-Murza - the khan weNogai Horde omkhulu, okwesaba eRussia. Ngo-1563, indodana yakhe u-Il-Murza yafika eMoscow, eyakwazi ukuphumelela emsebenzini we-tsar. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaFedor Ivanovich, umzukulu ka-Il-Murza, u-Abdull, wayidla ngokungenalutho inyama yezinyosi zikaMbhishobhi uJoachim, owathola ngokukhohlisa, wayevutha kakhulu. Ukuze aphunyuke emagqumeni nokuchitha, u-Abdul-Murza wanquma ukwamukela i-Orthodoxy. Wanikwa ukuthethelelwa kweNkosi, isihloko seNkosana negama likaDmitry Yusupov. Kodwa ngokusho komlando womndeni, ngobusuku obufanayo, uMphrofethi Muhammad ngokwakhe wabonakala kuye ephusheni, owaqalekisa umndeni wonke kaYusupov ngenxa yokuhlubuka. Kusukela kulesi sizukulwane ngasinye umuntu oyedwa kwakufanele aphile kuze kube neminyaka engama-26.

Umnikazi omusha, uBoris Yusupov

UBoris Grigoryevich wayengumbusi-Jikelele waseMoscow, futhi wasebenza njengoMqondisi weShlyachta Cadet Corps. Ngiyabonga, uMpress Elizabeth ngo-1756 wasayina isimemezelo ekwakhiweni kwemidlalo yaseshashalazini yokuqala eSt. Petersburg.

Ngama-1770, izimpahla zeYusupovs zanda: ngaseceleni kwesentshonalanga, kanye nendlu yetshe, i-Izmaylov eyakhelwe endaweni eyakhelene nayo yanezelwa kule ndawo.

Umcebo oyingqayizivele womndeni wakwaJusupov

Ukuqala kwengcebo evamile, eyayigcinwe emagumbini asezindaweni zakudala eKhayritonievsky, yafakwa ngisho nangaphansi kwabanikazi bokuqala. Mayelana neYusupovs kuyaziwa ukuthi lonke elaseRussia linamakhosi amaningi, izindlu nezindawo. Inombolo yama-serfs ayenayo yayinganiselwa ezingamashumi ezinkulungwane, izwe lalingamakhulu ezinkulungwane zamahektare. I Yusupov Chambers eSt. Petersburg, ngokufanisa, yaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi isigodlo.

Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XVIII ne-XIX. Izinto zabo zahlanganiswa nendlu yomthengisi u-Chiriev (ukuhlala, eyodwa-egcinwe). Manje eKorritonievsky umzila u-Yusupov wayenamakhaya amathathu. Ngalezo zinsuku, umnini wesayithi wayengumdume kunazo zonke uJusupovs - uNikolai Borisovich, uNgqongqoshe wezeMicimbi, uSenator, umeluleki wangempela wemfihlo, ilungu loMkhandlu WezeMvelo, umqondisi wokuqala weHermitage. Umhlonishwa, owayeyaziwa njengendoda ekhanyisiwe kakhulu yesikhathi sakhe nomuntu wezombangazwe onethalente, wachitha ingxenye enkulu yokuphila kwakhe kwelinye izwe.

I-lodger edumile

Ingxenye yezakhiwo zendlu yesigodlo i-Nikolai Borisovich eqashisiwe. Ngo-1801, indlu ephakathi, kanye nazo zonke izinsizakalo zezomnotho, yaqoshwa nguyise wesibongo esikhulu u-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin, uSergei Lvovich. Ngalesi sikhathi, eduze kwendlu kukhona kakade insimu yezithelo lapho iPushkin encane yayihamba khona nenanny yakhe. Kamuva, wadlulisela ubuntwana bakhe embumbeni ethi "Ruslan noLyudmila." Nakuba imbongi yesikhathi esizayo ingahlala kuphela endlini iminyaka emithathu, umzila weKhayritonievsky awufihlelwa emsebenzini wakhe. Indlu eyodwa yezinkuni ezingenakuzithoba ekhoneni le-alley, ngokusho kwesinye sezikwanekwane zamadolobha amakhulu, kukhulunywe ngaso esahlukweni sesikhombisa so "Eugene Onegin" odumile. Ibizwa ngokuthi "indlu kaTatiana" noma "i-Larinsky".

Ku-crucible of war

Ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Indlu lapho abazali bendlovukazi omkhulu waseRussia abahlala khona, badluliselwa ku-Prince AI Vyazemsky. Kuyaziwa ukuthi le ndlu yonakaliswe kabi emlilweni we-1812. Ngaphakathi, cishe akukho lutho olugcinwe. Ngemva kokuxoshwa kwamaFulentshi avela eFrance, amakamelo avuselelwa, umhlobiso wangaphambili wawubuyiselwa. Ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa phakathi kwekhulu le-XIX indlu itholakele ohlelweni lohlobo lwe-U.

Ukugcina kohlobo lwabanini

UBoris Nikolayevich Yusupov (umnikazi olandelayo) wayengumphathi ka-Emperor Nicholas I, umeluleki wangempela wemfihlo. Wahlala ikakhulu eSt. Petersburg futhi wavakashela eMoscow kuphela.

Kodwa ngeminyaka ye-1860 impilo yokuhlala esigodlweni samaYusupovs yayitholwe ngempela. Amakamelo avuselelwe kabusha ngesikhathi uJusupov, Jr, uNkosana Nikolai Borisovich, eba ngumnikazi wendlu, owathenga indlu kumeluleki okhulunywe ngenhla ku-Plemyannikov, owabe esekhaya lomndeni wasePushkin. I-Chambermaster yeNkantolo Yomkhosi Yusupov yayiyaziwa njengomculo omkhulu womculo, umenzi wezakhono nomlobi.

Ngeshwa, le ndoda evelele yileyokugcina yabamele abesilisa bomndeni wasendulo ohloniphekile we-Yusupovs. U-Princess Zinaida Nikolaevna, indodakazi yakhe yedwa, u-Heiress we-fortune enkulu, waba ngumka-Count F. F. Sumarokov-Elston, umzukulu ka-MI Kutuzov, u-Emperor Alexander III, ecela uNikolai Borisovich, avunyelwe ukuba abizwe ngokuthi iNkosana Yusupov.

Ukubuyiswa okukhulu kwezinga

Isikhulu esidala uJusupov senze konke okusemandleni ekunikezeni izindlu zamakhosi zaseKhayritonievsky emangalisayo. Ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Iqala ukubuyiswa kwayo okukhulu, okwakuyilapho kwakhiwa kabusha ingxenye engasentshonalanga yamakamelo, yashintsha isithombe esenziwe nge-stylized for the 17th century, futhi yasungula indawo. Khona-ke igumbi lesithathu lafakwa ekamelweni. Umhlobiso ophahleni wawubuyiselwe futhi, okuyikhava eliphakeme elinemithambo yamatshe kanye ne-vanes sezulu. Emafasiteleni afakwe ingilazi - amawindi angamamitha e-mica ekhulwini le-XVII.

"Ukunethezeka kwe-Byzantine"

Izindlebe ezazihlelwe endlini yaseYusupov zahlaba umxhwele izivakashi ngokukhazimula kwazo, okuthiwa yiByzantine eminingi. Abasimagunyeni bavunyelwe ukuhlola izihlalo zangasese zethempelini kubo bonke abantu. Ikhamera ecebile kakhulu kanye nobukhulu bayo yikamelo lesigodlo, indawo ephakemeyo eyayigcwele izinkanyezi zezinkanyezi, futhi izindonga zihlotshiswe ngemifanekiso yodrako, inganekwane ye-Syrin nezimbali zepharadesi. Sasihola izivalo ezintathu zethusi ezivulekile ehholo. Ngaleso sikhathi kwakukhona negumbi lamaShayina nezinyoni, ama-dragons, izibani ezenziwe ngama-stylized kanye nomhlobiso wesici.

Kulo mfanekiso kwakukhona izithombe zabo bonke abamele umndeni wakwaJusupov. Egumbini lesigqebhezana kwakubekwe izindondo zempi ngezingubo zezingalo. Leli gumbi lalihlotshiswe ngombala we-crystal othakazelisayo, izibuko zaseVenetian ezifomeni eziqoshiwe ezinzima kanye nefenethi ye-antique. Isigodlo sasineqoqo elicebile lemisebenzi yobuciko.

Ngesikhathi sikaPrincess Yusupova

UZinaida Nikolaevna, odume ngobuhle bakhe, ingcebo nokufudumala, wayengomunye wabasebenzi abadume kakhulu baseRussia. Izimali zakhe eMoscow nakwamanye amadolobha zakha amasonto, izikole nezinhlangano eziningi zokusiza.

Ngo-1908, ngaphambi nje kokuba eneminyaka engamashumi amabili ubudala, indodana yakhe uNikolai Feliksovich washona e-duel. Isiqalekiso somndeni sagcwaliseka. UFelik Feliksovich, owodwa ohlala emndenini kanye nendlalifa yonke ingcebo, waba yingxenye ekubulaweni kukaRasputin, ngaleso sikhathi esinye sezibalo ezibalulekile ezathonya umlando. Kuze kube manje, imfihlakalo yokufa kwakhe ihlala ingenye yemfihlakalo engaxazululwa.

Isizwe

Ngemva kokuvuswa, uF. F. Yusupov nomndeni wakhe baya eYurophu. Isakhiwo sabo sasizwe. Kuyaziwa ukuthi amaBolshevik ahlukumeza umninikhaya ukuze athole ukuthi ingcebo yayifihliwe yinkosi, kodwa imfihlakalo yayingabonakaliswa kakhulu.

Kusukela ngo-1928 i-Yusupov Palace isiye indawo lapho kunezikhungo ezihlukahlukene zaseSoviet ezitholakala khona.

Izinguquko

Ngomnyaka we-1940, umgwaqo ongaphansi kwekamelo lokudlela wawubekiwe. Lokhu kwaphazamiseka konke ukubukeka kwesakhiwo. Ngesikhathi soSoviet Union, isikhumbuzo sezakhiwo sasingabuyiselwa. Ngo-1990, isigodlo sikaJusupov eMoscow sase siphelile kakhulu.

Ngonyaka ka-1999, ubuyiselwe ingxenye encane, uphahla kanye ne-wrought-iron lattice nazo zalungiswa.

Izinsuku zethu

Ngawo-2000, umsebenzi omkhulu wokulungisa nokubuyisela kabusha waqala: isakhiwo esasenyakatho esasenyakatho (ukwakhiwa kwekhulu le-19) savuselelwa, izindonga zangaphandle emgwaqeni zaqedwa. Kwakunamaqabunga angamafasitela, futhi kwaqina uphahla. Ngokuhambisana nezinto zomlando, izingxenye zasenyakatho nezaseningizimu zabuyiselwa, i-parquet kanye namatshe ephansi phansi, imidwebo yomlando yezingqimba nezimbumbulu. Ngemva kokubuyiselwa, izivalo zendlu yaseYusupov eMoscow zavulelwa zonke izivakashi. Ukuvakasha kwamakamelo adumile kwakunentshisekelo futhi kuyadingeka kwabaningi abafuna ukubona ubuhle obuyingqayizivele ngokwabo. Ngenxa yemizamo yeKomidi leMagugu Ezamasiko enhloko-dolobha, ukuvuselelwa kwamanje kwetshe lesikhumbuzo lesakhiwo esiyingqayizivele kwenzeka.

Ngokuqondene nomsebenzi olandelayo wokulungisa nokubuyisela kabusha, i- Palace Yusupov eMoscow nayo ayifinyeleleki ukuhlolwa. Uma ivula izivakashi ezikhangayo, abantu abaningi banesithakazelo. Ngokusho kochwepheshe, kungenzeka ukuthi ukuhambela ngeke kuvuselelwe ngokuvakashelwa.