I-Venus: ububanzi, umkhathi nomhlaba weplanethi

Elinye lamaplanethi angaqondakali kakhulu wesistimu yethu elangazwe ngokuthi i-Venus. Yinto yesibili evela eSangeni futhi esiseduze noMhlaba phakathi kwemizimba emikhulu. I-Venus, engamaphesenti angu-95 ububanzi bomhlaba wethu, ihamba njalo phakathi komjikelezo womhlaba futhi ingaba phakathi kweSanga noMhlaba. Lokhu kuyinto engaqondakaliyo ye-cosmic, okuphoqelela ososayensi ukuba bajabulele ubuhle babo nokungajwayelekile. Mayelana naye ungatshela okuningi, futhi konke lokhu kuzoba mnandi kakhulu kumhlaba.

I-Venus ngezibalo

I-Venus, ububanzi bayo buyi-12,100 km, ifana kakhulu noMhlaba. Ubuso bayo bungamaphesenti ayishumi kuphela kunawo wonke umhlaba. Emibhalweni kubonakala kanje: 4.6 * 10 ^ 8 km ² . Umthamo wayo ungu-9.38 * 10 ¹¹ km ³ , futhi lokhu kungu-85% ngaphezulu kunombhalo weplanethi yethu. Ubukhulu beVenus bufinyelela ku 4,868 * 1024 kilogram. Lezi zinkomba ziseduze kakhulu nemingcele yemhlaba, ngakho-ke leli planethi libizwa ngokuthi udade loMhlaba.

Inkomba yokushisa ejwayelekile ebusweni beplanethi engaqondakali yi-462 degrees Celsius. Kulo lokushisa, ukuhogela kuqubuka. I-Venus (ububanzi bezinto kuboniswe ngenhla) ngenxa yokwakheka okuqondile komkhathi wayo akufanelekile ukuhlala noma yiluphi uhlobo lokuphila olwaziwa ososayensi. Umfutho wayo womoya unamaphesenti angu-92 aphezulu kuneMhlaba. Umoya unothuli olunomlotha we-volcanic origin, futhi amafu e-sulphate acid ahamba kuwo. Isivinini esiphezulu somoya kuVenus sifinyelela amakhilomitha angu-360 ngehora.

Kulesi simo izimo ezinonya eziyinkimbinkimbi. Eyakhelwe ngokuqondile emsebenzini wokucwaninga, ama-probe akwazi ukumelana okungaphezulu kwamahora ambalwa. Into eningi yezintaba-mlilo - kokubili kokulala nokusebenza. Emkhathini weplanethi kunezingcezu ezingaphezu kwenkulungwane.

Uhambo endleleni eya Venus - Sun

Ibanga ukusuka eSangeni kuya Venus kubantu abavamile kubonakala lingenakulinganiswa. Phela, lidlula amakhilomitha ayizigidi ezingu-108. Unyaka owodwa kule planethi uhlala izinsuku ezingu-224.7 zomhlaba. Kodwa uma sicabangela ukuthi ilanga linye lidlula lapha, khona-ke lesi saga sikhunjulwa ukuthi isikhathi sihlala phakade. Usuku olulodwa lwe-Venusian lulingana nezinsuku ezingu-117 zomhlaba. Yilapho zonke izinto zingashintshwa ngosuku olulodwa! Esikhathini esibhakabhakeni ebusuku, i-Venus ibhekwa njengomzimba wesibili ngokukhanyisa, inyanga kuphela ekhanya kakhudlwana.

Ibanga ukusuka eSangeni kuya kuVenus akulutho uma kuqhathaniswa nebanga Earth - Venus. Uma umuntu efuna ukuya kule ndawo, kuzomele ahambe izindiza eziyizigidi ezingama-223.

Konke okuphathelene nomkhathi

Umkhathi wePlanus iplanethi ingu-96.5% eyakhiwe nge-carbon dioxide evuthayo. Indawo yesibili ingu-nitrogen, cishe u-3.5%. Lesi sibalo izikhathi ezinhlanu emhlabeni. UMV Lomonosov nguye owayengumveleli wemvelo emhlabeni owawuchaze.

Ngo-June 6, 1761, usosayensi wayebukele uVenus edlula i-disk yelanga. Phakathi nocwaningo, waphawula ukuthi ngesikhathi lapho iplanethi ithole ingxenye encane yayo kwi disk ye-Sun (lokhu kwakungukuqala kwendima yonke), okuncane kakhulu, njengokungathi izinwele, zikhanye. Izungeza ingxenye yediski yeplanethi, eyayingakafiki i-Sun. Lapho uVenus ehla e-disk, kwenzeka okufanayo. Ngakho-ke, uLomonosov waphetha ngokuthi kukhona umoya kuVenus.

Umkhathi weplanethi engaqondakali, ngaphezu kwe-carbon dioxide ne-nitrogen, yenziwe ngumoya wamanzi ne-oxygen. Lezi zinto ezimbili zikhona ngobuncane obukhulu, kodwa namanje azikwazi ukunakwa. Umkhathi wesakhiwo wawufake ukufakwa kwezikhala eziningana. Umzamo wokuqala ophumelelayo wenziwa yi-Soviet Station Venera-3.

Ubuso be-Infernal

Ososayensi bathi ubuso bomhlaba weVenus yiyona esihogweni sangempela. Njengoba sesishilo kakade, kunenqwaba yezintaba-mlilo lapha. Izindawo ezingaphezu kuka-150 zalesi sakhiwo zakhiwa yizintaba-mlilo. Ngakho-ke, kungase kube nomqondo wokuthi i-Venus yinto engaphezu kwe-volcanic kune-Earth. Kodwa ubuso bomzimba wethu we-cosmic ngenxa yomsebenzi we-tectonic ushintsha njalo. Futhi ku-Venus, ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, ama-tectonics epuleti ayeka izinkulungwane zezigidi zeminyaka edlule. Ubuso buzinzile.

Ubuso bale planethi buhlanganiswe nenani elikhulu lama-meteorite craters, ububanzi balo bufinyelela amakhilomitha angu-150-270. I-Venus, ebanzi bayo ekhonjisiwe ekuqaleni kwalesi sihloko, cishe ayikho i-craters ebusweni bayo engaphansi kwamakhilomitha ayisithupha ububanzi.

Ukushintshaniswa kubuyele emuva

Iqiniso lokuthi i-Venus ne-Sun likude komunye nomunye, sesivele sithole. Kwakhiwe futhi ukuthi le phlanethi ijikeleza le nkanyezi. Kodwa yilokho nje akwenzayo? Impendulo ingamangala: ngokuphambene nalokho. I-Venus iyajikeleza kakhulu, kancane kancane ngaphesheya. Isikhathi sokusakaza kwawo sihlale sihamba kancane. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ekuqaleni kwama-90s ekhulwini lokugcina yaqala ukujikeleza kancane kancane imizuzu engu-6.5. Ososayensi abakwazi ngokuphelele ukuthi kungani lokhu kwenzeka. Kodwa ngokusho kwesinye sezihumusho, lokhu kuchazwa ukuthi izimo zezulu emhlabeni azizinzile. Ngenxa yabo, hhayi kuphela iplanethi eqala ukujikeleza kancane kancane, kodwa futhi ungqimba wesimo sezulu luba lukhulu kakhulu.

Umthunzi weplanethi

I-Venus ne-Sun yizinto ezimbili ezithakazelisayo kakhulu kubacwaningi. Intshisekelo yinto yonke: kusukela ubuningi bezimzimba kuya kumbala wabo. Sifake ubukhulu beVenus, manje ake sixoxe ngomthunzi wayo. Uma bekukhona ithuba lokucabangela le phlanethi ngokuseduze, kungenzeka ukuthi ivele ngaphambi kombukeli ngombala omhlophe noma ophuzi ngaphandle kwezinhlaka emafwini.

Futhi uma bekukhona ithuba lokuhamba phezu kwento, abantu bangacabangela ama-expanses angapheli emadwaleni ombala obomvu. Ngenxa yokuthi iVenus ngamafu amancane kakhulu, ukukhanya okuncane kufinyelela phezulu. Kusukela lokhu, zonke izithombe ziyancipha futhi zinezitha ezibomvu ezikhanyayo. Eqinisweni, iVenus ngumbala omhlophe ogqamile.