I-FreeBSD 10: Ukufakwa nokulungiselelwa

Uma kuziwa kuma-UNIX-izinhlelo, awukwazi ukukhohlwa mayelana nephrojekthi yehhala ye-FreeBSD. Isistimu enamandla futhi enokwethenjelwa, okuyinto ngeshwa kunzima kakhulu ukumisa futhi idala izinkinga eziningi kulabo abasengcupheni yokuyifaka. Kulesi sihloko, ulwazi olufushane mayelana nesistimu luqoqwe. Lapha uzothola ama-caveats, incazelo yenqubo yokufaka ye-FreeBSD 10, kanye nezinto ezithandwayo ezidingekayo zokusetha eziyisisekelo nokusebenza nokusatshalaliswa.

Iyini i-FreeBSD?

I-FreeBSD 10 iyisistimu yokusebenza yamahhala eyenziwe ngabafundi baseBerkeley emuva ngo-1993. I-FreeBSD iyisistimu yokusebenza ephelele nge-kernel, isethi yabashayeli futhi isekela wonke amapulatifomu athandwayo, kufaka phakathi i-ARM ne-PowerPC. Uhlelo luzinzile kakhulu futhi luye lwaba yisisombululo esihle kakhulu sokusingatha amaseva asekelwe kuwo.

I-FreeBSD ilandela umqondo we-minimalism, ngakho-ke uhlelo ngeke lukwazi ukuthola i-GUI kanye nesifaki esizenzekelayo. Ukufakwa nokucushwa kwe-FreeBSD 10 kuzothatha isikhathi esiningi, futhi kuzodinga ikhono elithile. Noma kunjalo, sizokhuluma ngalokhu kamuva.

Izixwayiso

Akukho okuzenzakalelayo. Yonke inqubo yokufaka nokuphathwa kwesistimu ivela kwimodi ye-manual. Ngisho ukufaka amaphakheji ku-FreeBSD 10 yisidlo sangempela. Umbuso we-PKG ojwayelekile awukwazi ukulandelela ukuxhomeka, ngakho-ke ngisho noma ufaka iphakheji edingekayo, kodwa uhlelo aluthola iphakheji elisekelwe kulo, ngeke nje luqale. Ulwazi mayelana nokuthembela ohlelweni ngokwabo alugcinwa, okusho ukuthi kuzodingeka ukuthi lukhahlele kwi-Intanethi futhi luhlehlise kabusha imithombo eminingana ehlukene, ngoba ngisho nasencwadini esemthethweni ukwaziswa akuphelelanga.

Kumele uhlale ukhumbule ukuthi inqubo yokufaka ingahle ibambezeleke. Lokhu kuyiqiniso ikakhulukazi uma kunesistimu yokusebenza eyisisekelo kuphela ku-disk noma ku-flash drive, futhi izingxenye ezisele zilayishwa ezigcinweni ze-FreeBSD, ijubane lapho lihlaba umxhwele kakhulu.

Ilungiselela ukufakwa

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba, sizobheka inani lamaphuzu okumele alandelwe ngaphambi kokuthatha i-FreeBSD 10.

• Ngeke kube khona isikhombimsebenzisi esibonakalayo, ngakho-ke ulungele ukufunda ukuthi ungasebenzisa kanjani ukugcina, funda imiyalo yokuphatha uhlelo (futhi kukhona ezimbalwa zazo) futhi uphrinte okuningi (yebo, ngeke kube khona "ikhophi-unamathisele").
• Khumbula ukuthi ukufaka uhlelo kuzodinga isikhathi esiningi nemisipha. Yonke into ingahamba amahora angaphezu kwama-4 kanye nogwayi weshumi nambili / izinkomishi zekhofi. Yilungele futhi unikeze usuku lwamahhala lokuhlola.
• Uma sikhuluma ngesimiso sokuqala, ukufaka i-FreeBSD udinga ukuthola uhlelo lwe-DVD-image (lungatholakala kuwebhusayithi esemthethweni).
• Ukufaka i-FreeBSD 10 kusuka ku- "flash drive" kuzodinga usizo lwe-uniboot kanye nekhompyutha yokusebenza okumele ubhale kuyo.
• Ngaphambi kokuqala ukufakwa, kungcono ukhethe "umshini" ofanele, lapho ulwazi olubalulekile olungeke lugcinwe khona nokuthi ngeke lube nesihawu 'sokubulala'. Njengomthetho, ikhompiyutha endala isetshenziselwa ukuhlala endaweni ethile ebhalini.
• Kuyasiza futhi kusengaphambili ukuthi uzilungiselele ukufinyelela okunye kwi-inthanethi (ku-smartphone noma kwenye ikhompyutha). Ngaphandle kwesiqondiso kanye nosizo, abantu abanolwazi abakwazi ukukwenza.

Ukufaka nokucushwa kwesistimu

Njengoba ulungiselele "i-flash drive" noma i-disk enezithombe zesistimu, kubalulekile ukungena i-BIOS bese ucela ukulanda kusuka kumithombo yangaphandle. Emva kwalokho, inqubo yokufaka iqala.

• Into yokuqala ebonwa ngumsebenzisi iyiwindi elamukelekile kanye nezinketho ezintathu zokulanda. Kumele ukhethe Ukufaka.
• Ewindini elilandelayo, uzothathwa ukuba ukhethe isakhiwo sekhibhodi. Akukho lutho olungashintsha, ngoba ulimi oluzenzakalelayo lingesiNgisi, yilokho esikudingayo.
• Okulandelayo, kumele ucacise igama leseva (ungakhetha noma yikuphi ukuthanda kwakho).
• Ewindini elilandelayo, umfakisicelo uzokusiza ukuba ukhethe izingxenye zesistimu okumelwe zifakwe nge-kernel kanye nesistimu yesisekelo. Ungakhetha ukufakwa okuncane futhi ulayishe izakhi ezidingekayo kamuva, kodwa kungcono ukufaka amachweba kanye nezingxenye ze-sr kusengaphambili, njengoba kuzodingeka ngempela ngesikhathi sokusebenza.
• Isinyathelo esilandelayo ukulungisa iNethiwekhi. Kufanele ufake ulwazi olunikezwa umhlinzeki. Endabeni ye-DHCP, kuyoba ngokwanele ukuvuma kuphela ukwamukela izilungiselelo zalolu protocol.
• Inqubo eyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke ihlukanisa i-disk zibe izingxenye. Uma izinhlelo zingenawo ukufakwa ngokuhambisana nesistimu enye, kungcono ukhethe ukuhlukanisa okuzenzakalelayo kuyo yonke i-disk. I-installer izobonisa izingxenye ezidalwa zenkumbulo futhi ikugqugquzele ukuthi uqale ukufakwa.
• Ekupheleni kwenqubo yokufaka ye-FreeBSD 10, uhlelo luzokwenza ukuba udale umsebenzisi we-ROOT bese usetha iphasiwedi.
• Isinyathelo sokugcina ukusetha indawo yesikhathi. Azikho izinkinga, nje kudingeka uhlole nganoma yisiphi iwashi esiseduze.

Ukufaka i-KDE ku-FreeBSD 10

Ngemuva kokufaka uhlelo lokusebenza oluyisisekelo, abasebenzisi abaningi abasebenzisa i-FreeBSD njenge-system yabo yokusebenzisa i-home download bese bafaka igobolondo lokubonisa. Ngokuvamile, ukhetho luwela ku-KDE. Naphezu kokuthi kukhona umbono wokuthi ukufaka i-KDE ku-FreeBSD 10 kunzima, ungakwazi ukubhekana nalo msebenzi.

Okokuqala udinga ukulungisa database bese ulayisha inombolo yamaphakheji:

• Iseva yegraphic efakwe nge-pkg ukufaka i-xorg umyalo.
• Abashayeli be-adapter ihluzo bafakwe ngokusebenzisa umyalo we-pkg wokufaka umshayeli we-nvidia.
• Igobolondo ngokwayo ingafakwa ngomyalo we-pkg ukufaka i-kde.
• Injini yehluzo ye-Oxygen edingekayo ukuze isebenze igobolondo ifakwe ngomyalo we-pkg install gtk-oxygen-injini.
• Ifayela lokumiswa lifakwe ngomyalo kde-gtk-config.

Ngokuqondene nokufakwa kwegobolondo ngokwalo, kungenziwa kukhiqizwe ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene: kusuka kuwebhu ngomyalo pkg_add -r kde noma kusuka emachwebeni, ngokuya kwisiqondisi cd / usr / port / x11 / kde3 nokusebenzisa umyalo ukwenza ukuhlanzwa kuhlanzeke.

Ngemuva kwalokho, kufanele ukhethe ideskithophu entsha njengedeskithophu ezenzakalelayo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, hlela ifayela le-.xinitrc. Lokhu kwenziwa ngomyalo u-"exec startkde"> ~ / .xinitrc.

Manje ungaqala isisebenzi ngomyalo we-startx.

Ukufaka i-MC ku-FreeBSD 10

I-MC yisifingqo seMidnight Commander. Lokhu kuyisevisi ekhethekile yokuphatha amafayela.

Ngakho, ukufaka i-MC udinga:

• Yiya esiqondisweni kanye nemilayezo yamathrekhi cd / usr / amarekhodi / misc / mc.
• config. Qalisa okhethiwe ukwenza ukumiswa kwe-config.
• Faka iklayenti ngomyalo wenze ukufaka kuhlanzeke.
• Uma ukufakwa kuphelile ngendlela efanele, iklayenti ingaqala ngomyalo we-mc.

Zonke izintandokazi (amafayela adingekayo kanye nezinsiza) zizolandwa kusukela kwiNethiwekhi ngokuzenzakalelayo (uma uxhumano lwe-Broadband ku-Inthanethi).