I-centralization kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwemisebenzi

I-centralization kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwemvelo yizinhlelo ezimbili zenhlangano kahulumeni. Ngaphakathi kohlaka lomqondo wokuqala, kusho ukuthi uhulumeni uyingxenye yomthethonqubo jikelele wokuphila komphakathi. Kanye nalokhu, lihlose ukuqondisa imisebenzi yeziphathimandla zendawo, ihambisane nomthelela wayo ngokushesha noma zonke izici zokuphila kwendawo. Ukugunyazwa kwamalungelo omphakathi kuhlinzekela ukudalulwa kwemisebenzi yamagunya asekhaya kanye nesifundazwe. Lo mqondo unobungane obuhambisana negama elithi "uhulumeni", noma kunjalo, alifani nalo. Ukugunyazwa kwamalungelo omphakathi kuwumqondo obanzi, ngenxa yokuthi uhlinzeka ngokuzimela ngokugcwele kwezifunda, isimiso sombuso. Ngakho-ke ukuphathwa komuntu siqu kuthatha ukuxhomekeka okuyimpoqo ekugunyazweni okusemthethweni ngokomthetho. Ngokuhambisana nalokhu, into enjalo ivunyelwe kuphela endaweni eyodwa yombuso, ngenxa eyodwa noma eziningana zezindawo zayo.

Okokuqala, ukugxila phakathi kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwemisebenzi kwakunokuthuthukiswa okuhlukile nokusabalalisa kuyo yonke indawo. Njengoba kunenani elingekho emigwaqweni, ukunyuka okuqhubekayo kwamandla wombuso nokusabalalisa okulandelayo kwethonya layo kuzo zonke izici zokuphila kwezwe kwakungenakwenzeka. Kanye nalokhu, ingxenye ethile yabantu, emele imibuthano ebusayo, ayifisa yona. Ekubunjweni kwesistimu yokulawula ehlangene, iziphathimandla zathola izindlela zezombusazwe nezomnotho zokuxhaphaza abantu.

I-centralization kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwemvelo kwakuhlukile emazweni asendulo asekhohlisayo. Ngakho-ke, uhulumeni wakhetha uSatraps (ababusi) ezifundazweni ezihlukene, wacela amabutho nemali kubo. Iziphathimandla azikwazanga ukulawula imisebenzi yazo. Ababusi ezindaweni zabo base bevele bekhululekile.

Ukuqala kanye nokwehlukaniswa kwemvelo eMbusweni wamaRoma kwakungalingani. Naphezu kwesimiso sezombusazwe kanye nokuthi izifundazwe zakhiwe kuphela ukuze zigcine umbuso wombuso obumbene, umbuso wazihlonipha uhulumeni emadolobheni nasezifundazweni.

Ngemva kokuwa koMbuso WaseRoma kulo lonke elaseYurophu (ngaphandle kweByzantium), isimiso sezwe asizange sihlinzeke ngokuyinhloko. Lokhu kwakujwayelekile kwezifunda eziningi zaleso sikhathi. Ngaphansi kwesimiso se-feudal kwakungekho nemibandela yokwakhiwa kwesistimu ephakathi. Kanye nalokhu, amandla obukhosi ayekhula. Isibonelo, eFrance uye wazuza impumelelo enkulu kakhulu. Ngokulandelayo, izimiso zombuso waseFrance zakha isisekelo se-republic. Kodwa ngesistimu yesifundazwe e-republican eFrance, isimiso sobukhosi sisetshenziswa futhi. Noma kunjalo, amandla okuphatha angaphansi kokulawulwa kwegunya elilodwa lombuso. Ngesikhathi esifanayo uhulumeni ozimele lapha uthuthukile.

Ukuqaliswa okuqhubekayo kwe-centralization kwenzeka kuphela ngekhulu le-19. Ngalesi sikhathi, kwakhiwa izimo ezinhle, ikakhulukazi izindlela zokuxhumana ezakhiwe futhi zithuthukisiwe kahle, i-telegraph kanye ne-mail esebenze kahle.

Kumele kuqashelwe ukuthi izakhiwo ezithile zombuso, ngokuphathelene nezakhiwo zazo, zivame ukuba khona kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokuphathwa phakathi. Lezi zakhiwo zihlanganisa ibutho, ukuhweba ngamazwe, imikhumbi kanye nabanye. Indlela yokuxhumana (i-telegraph, i-mail), izindlela zokuxhumana (izitimela) azikwazi futhi ukulahlekelwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa iziphathimandla, amandla abo afinyelela endaweni encane. Ukuba khona nokuthuthukiswa kwalezi zindawo kudinga imali, ukuphathwa okwenziwa ngokuvumelana nemigomo efanayo, amandla afanayo.