Hlanganisa Hlunga: incazelo ye-algorithm futhi umehluko kwezinye izinhlobo idatha ekuhlungeni

Ukuthuthukiswa kwezinhlelo ezahlukene Cishe njalo uMklami kudingeka benze ukusetshenziswa nokuhlela ukuze nokwandisa ukusebenza algorithm ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza search ukusebenza, njll Namuhla ziningi izindlela isakhiwo ezahlukene izakhi ngokulandelana: .. Hlanganisa uhlobo, nge ukhiye, nokunye Uhlobo .. limelela iqoqo imisebenzi, ekhishwa okuholela ngekulandzelanisa-hlobo izinto in inyuka noma umyalelo wehla - kuncike izimfuneko umsebenzi nkretnoy.

Zonke ezihlukahlukene algorithm ukuhlunga zingahlukaniswa izigaba ezimbili: iyala afanayo futhi amafayela esakhiwo ngendlela ethize. Uhlobo lokuqala izinto kungenzeka ngokufanele hhayi kuphela kwimemori, kodwa ngezinye isithwali inqobo ukufinyelela ivuliwe ngqo. Isigaba sesibili lezinto kufanele ibe medium eziphathekayo: disk noma ithephu.

Umehluko phakathi kwe ukuhleleka kwebhodi izakhi afanayo futhi indawo ukuze kuboniswe amafayela wukuthi wonke amalungu afanayo ayatholakala noma nini lapho atholakala, futhi ngenxa yalokho, inqubo ekuhlungeni iqala ngokushesha ngemva kokuhlinzwa sokuqalisa ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka ezihlobene yokuswela isici. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphathe amafayela nganoma isiphi isikhathi kungenzeka anikezwe ukufinyelela kuphela iqoqo elilinganiselwe amalungu.

Kaningi nasekuhleleni amafayela uhlangane uhlobo, okuyinto lakhiwa phezu izakhi eyisisekelo izimiso yelungiselelo ngendlela ethile. Ngokuvamile, le nqubo ukuhlunga ingafakwa bachazwa futhi ngalendlela: idatha ingxenye ethize lwabelwe futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku ukhiye. Njengoba isibonelo, cabanga ngesibonelo iposi izinto ngesikhathi Inkomba ecacisiwe. Ngenxa yalokho, i-algorithm ayenzi ukuhlaziya ephelele yolwazi, kodwa awokuthi bahlunga izakhi ezidingekayo.

Umehluko omkhulu phakathi amafayela ezilandelanayo ku ifayela nokunikezwa ukufinyelela ngqo ngukutsi zingafakwa abezindaba, okuyinto okunzima ukuhlela unomphela ukufinyelela ngqo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, la mafayela musa uvamise ukusebenzisa obuphelele fixed yamarekhodi agcinwe. Ngenxa yalezi zici amafayela ezilandelanayo esetshenziswa kuphela ezimweni ezimbili:

- Uma kudingekile, zisebenzisa esiphathiswa ulwazi, esekelwe ukufinyelela ezilandelanayo;

- uma kulungile ukusebenzisa amarekhodi variable yobude.

uhlangane ukuhlunga isetshenziswa kaningi e isofthiwe yesimanje. Lokhu kungenxa yokwanda amafayela ezilandelanayo. Ngokwesibonelo, cishe wonke amafayela umbhalo ziyavumelana. Naphezu lula lwefayela ukucabangela ngokulandelana ihlelwe njengoba ifayela idatha, indlela enjalo ayinakwenzeka, t. Ukuze. Ukuze zonke izakhi wefayela akunakwenzeka ukubhekana hardware, ngokwenyama.

mergesort baba, eqinisweni, Yinye kuphela indlela yokuxazulula amafayela ezilandelanayo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi namuhla kunezinye izindlela yokuhlela amafayela ezilandelanayo, le ndlela namanje omunye ethandwa kakhulu. Hlunga uhlangane ngokwemvelo kusho ifayela ngokwahlukana zibe izingxenye ezimbili elilingana ivolumu kolwazi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngamunye ifayela kukhona ukufunda kancane kancane elementi nalezo ezikhona okwamanje ngamunye. izakhi oluhleliwe ahlelwe ngokulandelana ifayela wesithathu, okuyinto okwengeziwe lahlukaniswa efanayo obujwayelekile. Ngakho, uphinde uhlangane uhlobo. Pascal, C, Basic - izilimi izinhlelo ezaziwa kakhulu ukusekela ukusebenza kwalesi uhlobo amafayela ukuhlelwa ukulandelana.