Hagia Sophia, Istanbul: a kafushane incazelo, isithombe, umlando, ikheli, Amahora okuvula

Izinto eziningi Turkey, mhlawumbe ithandwa kakhulu futhi bavakashela kakhulu Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Abantu bendawo ukuyibiza Aya Sofia. Siyaziqhenya ukubonisa lo isakhiwo omangalisayo kuzo zonke izimenywa ngokuvakashela lizwe. Lena akukho ngozi. Hagia Sophia e Istanbul, ogama isithombe gqizisa zonke izincwajana travel ejensi - isakhiwo enhle umlando ocebile, ubungcweti eyingqayizivele kanye nomklamo ehlukile wezangaphakathi.

Lesi sakhiwo obungokwenkolo buye benza ngawabo eziningi ezingokomlando iConstantinople yasendulo (okwamanje Istanbul), umlando wayo ugcwele izenzakalo ezihlukahlukene futhi ngokuvamile edabukisayo - ukuzamazama komhlaba nokubhujiswa, imililo kanye nezimpi. Noma kunjalo Cathedral babekezela futhi namuhla wakhuthaza ngobukhulu bawo hhayi nje izakhamuzi zendawo, kodwa futhi izihambeli eziningi edolobheni.

Hagia Sophia e Istanbul: umlando ekudalweni

Abaningi kubonakale kungavamile ukuthi eminyakeni engaphezu kuka-1000 lesi sakhiwo wayengumJuda ibandla elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni-Orthodox. Isakhiwo sokuqala esizeni Cathedral samanje wangena 360, phakathi nokubusa uConstantine. Ngokulinganiswa basil encane laligcwele ophahleni sokhuni sasakheke.

Ngonyaka 404, isakhiwo washiswa ngesikhathi izibhelu zomphakathi. UTheodosius II ngaphambilini ukuba kabusha ngo-415. Sokukhulekela esisha esasinalo naves ezinhlanu, futhi kwadingeka kophahla lokhuni. Ngonyaka 532, nangemva kwako ethandwa (kuvukela Nick), phakathi nokubusa koMbusi uJustinian labhujiswa, isakhiwo.

Mayelana eyodwa eyakha amasonto langaphambilini, uye walondolozwa idatha okuthembekile. Kodwa amagama abasunguli izakhiwo zamanje yilezi eyaziwayo. It Anzemios futhi Isidoros. Hagia Sophia eConstantinople (Istanbul) Kwakhiwa sibonga uJustinian efanayo. Nesimo sesakhiwo esikhulu isakhiwo esisha kwaba ngokuphongoza izakhiwo pre-ekhona.

Ithempeli lokuqala

Cathedral isonto sabekwa ngonyaka 532, futhi eminyakeni emihlanu nje ngemva (537) lidlule inkonzo lokuqala ngaphansi nemengamo yalo. Kamuva kuka Hagia Sophia waba indawo unomphela wokugcotshwa bababusi wonke uMbuso WaseRoma. Ngo-July 1054 ezindongeni leli thempeli kuyinto kuvakashe ummeleli wendlunkulu Leo IX (Pope) - Cardinal Humbert noMbhishobhi Mihail Kirulary esontfweni nomunye esontweni (anathematized). Lo mcimbi wabangela Uqhekeko iSonto nasemasontweni obu-Orthodox.

Ukwakhiwa mosque

Esikhathini esiyiminyaka ephakathi kwengu-1204 futhi 1261, Istanbul ilawulwa Crusaders. Ngalesi sikhathi, umuzi ngokwawo, futhi ibandla kulimala. Eselinqobile kweConstantinople ngo-1453, Sultan Mehmed wasungula oda Islamic. Ukwakhiwa Cathedral lugxila kahle nezingodo ezengeziwe izigxobo ifakiwe. Ngakho, kwakungekho ezweni Aya Sofia Mosque. Phakathi nokubusa Sultan Mehmed lakhiwa Madrasah - isikole Muslim, eyathatha kwaze kwaba sekhulwini XVII.

ekudalweni Museum

Ekhulwini XIX (1847-1849 GG.) Nokwakha kabusha Landelayo esenzeka Cathedral. Fossati bazalwane, ngesikhathi babe abakhi wasusa bay, lapho kanye wathandazela sababusi. Laliqhele engxenyeni esenyakatho ithempeli niche encane, futhi enamathiselwe kwesokunxele mihrab. Ngo-1935, i-Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) kwathiwa indlu-Museum of Mustafa Ataturk.

Kusukela 2006, emva izikhalo eziningi ezithembekile kuhulumeni, ethwele rites Muslim bavunyelwa ethempelini. mlando Isonto uthi ngale ndlela ukuthi kwakuyizwi Hagia Sophia e Istanbul kwaba indawo lapho izithunywa isikhulu Russian Vladimir ngajwayelana umqondo inkolo yobu-Orthodox. Onyakaziswa ubuhle inkonzo eyenziwa lapha, batshela isikhulu ukuguqukela ebuKristwini oNgcwele Rus.

Kubukeka sengathi Hagia Sophia e Istanbul?

Nethempeli elihle ngokubabazekayo ungaphakathi ukuma i quadrilateral oblong. It yakha aisles ezintathu, sidingide esisodwa (ongaphakeme) - ububanzi, zombili - iyincane. Sokukhulekela has a sredokrestiem quadrangular, okuyinto amaHubo bugcizelelwa umkhatsi. I Dome omkhulu kohlelo ethempelini iyingqayizivele bokwakha benkolo bangesikhathi yayo.

Ngokusho Turkish abacwaningi amandla izindonga Cathedral ibangelwa wokwengeza isixazululo (isakhiwo) akhiphe omisiwe eshiya umlotha. Wide isikhungo yezinto, sikwele ngasesinqeni, is iphahlwe emagumbini by izinsika ezine, okuyinto sizibeke nemengamo omkhulu futhi embozwe Dome flat (31 m). phezulu Its 51 amamitha ngenhla ezingeni eliphansi. Dome zimumethe osabalalayo nemengamo. Ngokwengxenye yayo ephansi, elise mezharochnyh izikhala besika 40 amafasitela arched. Lokhu kwakha umuzwa omkhulukazi ukukhanya zone, etholakala ezansi Dome.

Ngisho ngezindinganiso izisebenzi zokwakha zesimanje isakhiwo it has a usayizi olubabazeka kakhulu -75h68 amamitha. Iningi izixazululo yezakhiwo kanye lobuchwepheshe nalezo ezazisetshenziswa kuqala lapho bakha Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), kamuva lasetshenziswa izakhiwo zenkolo emhlabeni wonke.

The ingaphakathi umhlobiso

Hagia Sophia (Istanbul), incazelo emfushane lapho izivakashi ungathola izithombe ezikulezi zincwajana ikhambo ejensi noma iziqondiso idolobha, kuhlaba umxhwele ngokukhethekile kunomzimba waso nje lapho engena ngaphakathi.

Inner Temple sekugcineni emakhulwini ambalwa eminyaka. Akezwa bekulokhu uphawu lokunethezeka. Izindonga ihlanganiswa ngokuphelele KaMose (njengoba imihlobiso kanye nokusungulwa isihloko). Ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha anemibala namaphunga ahlukahlukene zemabula, ngokuthatha sesibili lokuqala umpofu omnyama, cishe abamnyama. Eduzane Dome (in the imikhakha engenhla) odongeni sengathi ubeke igolide.

Isici esiyinhloko lolu ukwakhiwa emangalisayo luyinhlanganisela avumelanayo Muslim Orthodox izinkolo. izindondo ezine ezinkulu e-Arabic amagama iskripthi ephrintiwe lomprofethi uMuhammad, Nkulunkulu kanye nabanye abaholi kuqala. Phakathi izindondo kuyinto Umfanekiso Orthodox nge ebusweni the Virgin.

A okuvelayo kuwo wonke izivakashi ngokuvakashela ukhiqiza phansi kwethempeli lesibili. Yingakho Hagia Sophia (Istanbul) ibukeka ngokubabazekayo nakakhulu. Lapha ungakwazi zibabaza ubuhle lesi sakhiwo lasendulo. Esitezi sesibili ungabona amasango abadumile zemabula. Ngesinye isikhathi bona bahlukaniswa Igumbi eyinhloko uMkhandlu zamagumbi Imperial.

yamatshe

Isici esibalulekile kakhulu umhlobiso ingaphakathi lethempeli kukhona yamatshe lasendulo. Ochwepheshe evamile ihlukaniswe izinkathi ezintathu zomlando:

• IX c (kuqala);
• Ekhulwini IX-X;
• Ekupheleni X leminyaka.

Ngo-1935 saqala umsebenzi wokubuyisela ku ukubuyiselwa frescos Orthodox ubudala futhi yamatshe. Izazi-mlando ozazisa ngokukhethekile isithombe Our Lady (KaMose), okuyinto isendaweni Udonga lwangaphakathi lunesithombe sobumba. Wenziwe on isizinda igolide. Izingubo Our Lady of dark umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kuyinto inhlanganisela omkhulu wegolide ne dark blue ugcizelela umoya bemibuso WaseByzantium.

Ngokumangalisayo walondoloza kahle apses ne-altare, eduze lapho ungabona embhedeni kombusi. Ngesikhathi sokukhulekela kwabo lapha ohanjelwa umbusi, kanye eseduze namadodana. Abobulili umbhede abahlomele abesifazane womndeni Sultan. Okuyisici esibalulekile umhlobiso ingaphakathi kufanele uyakuthiwa mkhulu odongeni panel, okuyinto abathola isahlulelo e isiko zakudala calligraphy WaseTurkey.

Ngeshwa, namuhla walondoloza yamatshe ababaningi kakhulu. On omunye wabo okubonisa Virgin Mary kuMbusi uJohn II. Ngaleso sikhathi, umbusi usunike izimali omkhulu ukuze kwakhiwe ithempeli.

Yini oyibhekayo?

Beka wokugcotshwa yendabuko ababusi baseByzantium - omfalion. Kuyinto zemabula circumferentially ngokufanele phansi lombhishobhi.

Esikhalayo ikholomu camera ngethusi. Kuyo ngesikhathi kwaleli chibi (ezingeni ukukhula komuntu) imbobo encane. Njengoba le nganekwane wasendulo, uma imbobo ukubeka umunwe wakho bese wenza isifiso okwamanje, khona-ke zizogcwaliseka nakanjani.

"Ibhokisi Cold" - kungenye Luhambo zethempeli lasendulo. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngosuku ezishisa ewindini ohlabayo cool, ukuvuselela umoya.

Phakathi ezikhumbuzo Islamic mosque Hagia Sophia inothi walondoloza ngokuphelele mihrab ne-altare kwelinye apses yesonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhlanganisa ezibaziweyo zemabula epulpiti, obadalwa ekhulwini XVI ngesikhathi kubusa Sultan Murad III.

Izivakashi ngokuqinisekile ukhalaza futhi umbhede ehlukile ngoba muezzin. Waphenduka naseMecca - ethuneni yoMbuso wase-Ottoman Sultans. isithakazelo Mkhulu luhlolo isakhiwo primary school, umtapo wezincwadi, indawo emthonjeni isikhungo ngabampofu, eyakha Sultan Mahmud mina ekhulwini XVII.

amahora

Uma uhlela ukuya Turkey, sincoma ukuthi qiniseka ukuvakashela Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). Ikheli le isikhumbuzo emangalisayo yomlando kanye izakhiwo: Aya Sofya sq, sultanahmet, Istanbul, Turkey .. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi nawe uyokwaneliswa evakashele kulesi sakhiwo omangalisayo.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi izivakashi lawo nsuku zonke elinde Hagia Sophia (Istanbul). isikhathi sokusebenza kuyahlukahluka kancane kuye ngokuthi inkathi. Ehlobo (kusuka 15,04 at 01.10), Museum ivulwa 9.00 ukuze 19,00, futhi ebusika - kusuka 9.00 kuya 17.00. Ticket yokuthengisa iphele 18:00 ehlobo, ebusika - ku 16,00.

Izindleko ngokuvakashela Museum amathathu liras, futhi izivakashi abancane (abaneminyaka engaphansi kwengu-nambili) yokungena khulula. Lira ungacacisa ejenti travel ngqo ngaphambi ukuhamba. Noma ubani ofuna ukuba uvakashele Cathedral of UZandile e Istanbul, kufanele uqaphele ukuthi ukukhangwa ngenyanga ongcwele ka Ramadan, wonke amaSulumane wethempeli akusebenzi.

Kanjani ukuze baye khona?

Uma uya emnyu- bebodwa (hhayi njengengxenye group tour), ngalesosikhathi you azi kanjani lapho. Yenza kube lula pretty, usebenzisa izithuthi zomphakathi. Uzodinga ibhasi (umzila T4) noma ujantshi olula (TR1). Misa ukuthi udinga ibizwa ngokuthi "sultanahmet".

Ubani ongafaka thatha esitimeleni (Havalimani-Aksaray) kusuka Ataturk Airport ukuba Zeytinburnu esiteshini. Khona-ke udinga ukudlulisela kuya TR1 tram, okuyinto ethatha wena endaweni. Uma uhlala e-Sisli wesifunda, ungakwazi ukuhamba kaMasipala Taksim esiteshini.