Gun "Hotchkiss" - idivayisi iphinde isithombe

Naphezu inkonzo yayo enkulu, isibhamu umshini, "Hotchkiss" neze wahlala izingalo njalo okungenani olulodwa ibutho emhlabeni, ngoba ngaphezu lula isihlobo zedivayisi, alinaso nezimfanelo ezivelele. Wayelethwa ngenkuthalo esetshenziswa empini futhi ngemva kwempi, lapho kafushane abathintekayo e-UK kanye amakoloni Indian, okuyinto wayeke ubuswa France, futhi namuhla kwaba ukhohliwe ngokuphelele emhlabeni.

Ukuvivinywa Kokungathathi isampuli lokuqala

Kususelwa ukuthuthukiswa isibhamu nohlaka umshini, bakwazi ukwakha umfuziselo entsha isikhali - isibhamu umshini, "Hotchkiss", okuyinto vele 1909 wethulwa emakethe emhlabeni ngesikhathi esisodwa 7 no-10 kg version. isampula esinda kwaba ifakwe hhayi kuphela isiqu, okuyinto edingekayo esikhundleni inani lemali elincane ukuthi kwaba isikhathi kubaluleke kakhulu empini, kodwa futhi echibini ukushisa, okuyinto ngokushesha nesithakazelo emnyangweni isibhamu Artkoma GAU, ngubani yanquma ukuthi luhlole isikhali entsha in the uhla isibhamu.

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ngesikhathi ukusetshenziswa ukwehluleka okuphindiwe uhlelo umamukeli, uMnyango izikhali sinqume ukuqhubeka ukuhlolwa, futhi wenza i-oda entsha ngoba batch encane izibhamu babebhekwa. Wenza leso sinqumo ngoba kuhlobane ngokuqondile yokuthi emazweni amaningi angaphandle, kanye omkhulu izibhamu, lawa abehlome ngezibhamu kakhudlwana futhi "izibhamu-izibhamu", Uthole okwandile ngenxa yokuba nekhono lokuhlinzeka futhi compactness isihlobo, waphendula kwakungekho lutho, futhi manual - isibhamu "Hotchkiss" kungaba okunye okuhle.

On Air Fleet e ahlomile

Ngo-1912, inkampani kuye kwaba umakhi eyethula ukuguqulwa entsha isibhamu umshini, eyenzelwe ukufakwa ku izindiza zempi. Idivayisi kwadingeka umehluko isici kusukela isampula yasekuqaleni. Gun "Gochkins" wathola esikhundleni kuheleza isitokwe isibhamu, lapho ingezwe indlela ekhethekile emehlweni futhi swivel iyunithi, lula kakhulu ukusetshenziswa uma alamu. esikoleni Infantry phoyisa wathola amakhophi okuqala amathuluzi eziphambili ngo-June 1914, ngokuqondile nomakhi.

Iqhaza Umhlaba Okokuqala

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi onobuhle lokuqala akakujabulelanga ukuthandwa okukhulu, isibhamu izinhlelo, "Hotchkiss" waba ukufuneka kakhulu ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala.

Amazwe asebethathe ke ebhodini:

• France - 1909. uhlelo Kahle esungulwe ivumela ukukhiqiza amayunithi ezingaphezu kuka-700 ngenyanga. Imodeli ethandwa kakhulu kwaba French machine gun "Hotchkiss" ngo-1922, isisindo zazo zonke izinguqulo ezalandela akazange idlule 9.6 kg. umklamo Universal ivumela ngokudubula ngesilinganiso 450 imizuliswano ngomzuzu, owawungumnyaka kuyinkomba ebaluleke kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi. Lokhu model iyavela uhlelo inzuzo komlilo ukucindezelwa, okuye isetshenziswe, futhi iye afakwe ngqo emgqonyeni.
• UK - 303 ukukhiqizwa Mark mina «Hotchkiss 'unomphela usumisiwe 1915.
• USA - "Bene Mercier" 30 M1909. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi esikhathini kuze 1916 US Army was hhayi ningi than 679 yalezi onobuhle.

Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izwe wayo enikeziwe simiso alo bipod, indandatho umgqomo nge izikhonkwane isibhamu umshini kwaba lula kakhulu ukufaka ku tripod ukukhanya, ngokuwufaka ngesizotha ngaphansi ezingemuva obandayo ukuqina okukhulu. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emazweni anjenge Spain, Norway, Greece neBrazil, futhi awaqalisiwe ukukhiqizwa la mathuluzi, benamanzi izikhali baye basiza ukulungisa ngokuphelele inkinga yokuntuleka.

isibhamu Kudivayisi "Hotchkiss"

Naphezu kwazo zonke lezo ukuhlela kabusha, "Hotchkiss" aye wasigcina okuningi idivayisi yayo yasekuqaleni, kokuthola oluqinisayo abalulekile ubuthakathaka. Umlawuli we egumbini elinegesi nokulapho njengoba piston is unscrewed eyayibekwe phambi ekamelweni futhi eziqhutshwa yokulinganisa ivolumu, bephonsa igesi ngemuva nje kokuthi ifinyelele exponent ezibucayi. Propellant uhlelo igesi osenyameni lwakhiwe kangangokuthi kude isilinda, badabula Yiqiniso eside piston igesi, ifakwe umlomo wombhobho futhi isuswe ngokusebenzisa phansi wazalela transverse umgqomo ngaphandle kokudala umcibisholo yikuphi ukuphazamiseka.

Isibambo ukuthi isetshenziswa ukuba ashona isibhamu ngenkathi idlala indima fuse. Uhlelo ezishintshayo, ngenxa ukuhamba alo, waba obuphelele unhlangothi kuze kufinyelele 106 mm. Umnikazi isibhamu umshini kungenzeka, ukuyivala, ukucacisa uqobo lapho imodi isibhamu umshini izosetshenziswa:

• S - fuse.
• R - umlilo olulodwa.
• A - umlilo okuqhubekayo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibhamu umshini, "Hotchkiss" got Iya kancane ahlabayo kwesango ingxenye isiqu, owawungumnyaka isici esiyinhloko e ushintsho phakathi lezi zinto nokobana uhlelo lokubopha. Ngenxa yale njongo, bamba eyingoduso, ifakwe ezihlukahlukene imikhakha yasekhaya, okuyinto abaphendukela umgqomo ngenxa umthelela induku piston, enamathiselwe ngaphakathi isibhamu.

amandla isibhamu

Shaja isibhamu kwadingeka ukuba itheyiphu ezinzima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo kufanele bacabangele ukuthi uma ikhishwe kwenziwa e-UK, inani izinhlamvu kwaba 30 nama-PC., Uma eFrance, izingcezu 24 kuphela. Lapho lesi sigameko uphendulela empompini-imbobo isigwedlo umunwe ngezindleko elisungulwe uhlelo ephathekayo.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uhlelo ukushaja kokuhlukile ngakunye kwaba ngamunye Gun "Hotchkiss" ngo-1914 icala kodwa nezimo tape metal nezixhumanisi kanzima, ngamunye edlelana phezu cartridges ezintathu. Iyasebenza, imbangela negative, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi isisindo ibhande kulula kakhulu kunezinye esitolo, akusiyo okuthembekile ngokukhethekile, futhi icala kuba umsebenzi onzima kakhulu ebusuku livele. Ngesikhathi Butt ezenziwe ngokjuni, wenza isibhamu projector stop for ehlombe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uma kunesidingo, kungaba kahle kulo, ngisho isidlo ibhotela, eyayingekho umnyango ekhethekile.

iminyaka Oku-impi kanye neMpi Yezwe II

Ngaphambi ukugqashuka kwempi yezwe yesibili, esindayo machine gun, "Hotchkiss" 13.2 mm, wadedelwa ngo-France, yabuye yaqala ukuthandwa. Lokhu kwakungenxa ngenxa yokuthi umklamo inikeza firepower hhayi kuphela kodwa isivinini kanye sigameko, banikezwe yamazinga aphezulu okungabi kokuqala ijubane inhlamvu.

isibhamu mshini uhlobo wesigubhu - kuhlobene yokuthi inhlamvu yalo mshini, babuthana ipuleti emuva, inikeza nokugcinwa umlilo okuzenzakalelayo kuphela. I ethile kuphela lwalolu hlobo kwaba ukuthi kwakudingeka ukushaja ezitolo, ivolumu zazo ingeqi imizuliswano engu-15. Kulesi inzuzo ukuthi okweqile ubuchwepheshe Ukuvikelwa, okuyinto ubambo kwakhiwa eduze obuphelele lonke umgqomo.

Kuze kube manje, lo imodeli machine gun undeservedly ukhohliwe, nakuba kuba ngosizo amaJalimane wakwazi ukuhlala isikhathi eside kangaka kule izikhundla matasa, bevimba amabutho aseSoviet ka firepower yakhe.