Indiza izimpukane ngasiphi engamamitha? Ubuningi engamamitha indiza

Ukuze indiza (indiza), engamamitha esiphezulu kunqunywa ezimbili "uphahla": static kanye ashukumisayo. Esimweni sokuqala sikhuluma a ephakamisa mpo kuphela nge Rotor. Lokhu kulinganisela ngokuvamile aphansi. Kulo mBhalo, ephakamisa wenziwa futhi esebenzisa ngezikulufo, futhi ngenxa isivinini ukunyakaza komugqa. Esimweni esinjalo kungenzeka bona ahlule.

Helicopter: Izici

Ngo izindiza lift amandla elakhiwe ngenxa ukucushwa isivinini kanye iphiko. indiza okuhluke kakhulu liphuma khona. engamamitha Maximum akuvamile idlula 3000-3500 m. Ukukhuthaza ukusetshenziswa isitshalo amandla Rotor. Speed asifani ne izindiza, kodwa endizeni kalula suka ngaphandle run, ahlale phezu i evulekile ungakulungele, hambisa endaweni, ukuhambisa emaceleni.

Ngokusho imfundo, abashayeli bezindiza ungavali injini ngesikhathi kokufika eziphakeme izindawo 3,000 metres. operation evamile ukuze iningi Helicopters imodi evamile kungenzeka kuze kufinyelele 4.5 amakhilomitha. Ngenhla lokhu nombundu, emoyeni kuba kwaphela futhi izindwani bendiza iyonikwa nokukhawulela engela kuhlasela. Lokhu kungaholela ezimweni eziphuthumayo.

zinhlobo

Ukuze i ukuzimisela umgomo lezinombolo kufanele zabelwe, hlobo luni indiza. engamamitha Maximum kungenziwa asibekela subclasses ezine ezinophephela emhlane, zona wabelane International Aeronautical Federation (Fai), ngokuhambisana tesakhiwo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho ezinophephela emhlane, gyroplanes kodwa uzimisele lapho Rotor eyinhloko asishintshi futhi kuphela engela enyakazayo isetshenziswa ukudala lift. Enye subclass - tiltrotor. Lezi ngezikulufo kanye izinjini phakathi ukusuka phezulu futhi ngesikhathi indiza ovundlile ijikelezwe futhi eziqhutshwa njengoba izindiza. Eceleni angawodwa subclass rotorcraft, lapho ngokukhiqiza ibutho ephakamisa kuka Rotor primary, futhi wasebenzisa indiza sokunciphisa umoya lapho zindiza ohlangothini izindlu (amaphiko).

Ukanti konke ezinophephela emhlane zihlukaniswe amaqembu amahlanu, kuncike isisindo ukuthatha-off: 500 kg 4500 kg. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukucacisa uhlobo uya khona: civil noma wezempi. Phakathi kwabo, lo subclasses ngazinye, kuye ngokuthi isicelo ethize kungenziwa sikhululiwe: izimoto, multi-purpose, search and khulula, nemililo, ezolimo, izindiza ezinophephela emhlane, Cranes kanye nabanye.

Helicopter: engamamitha esiphezulu

Zombili izinhlaka "Uphahla lwangaphakathi" static futhi ashukumisayo kukhona abekelwe emaceleni izibalo. Imikhawulo kuthiwa eziphoqelelwe ukuchaza imingcele okungafanele kungaholela ukuphazamiseka Ukuhamba kusuka izindwani Rotor. rotorcraft Eqiniseka igcinwe emoyeni emachibini kuze kufinyelele 4500 m nge kwencazelo esiphezulu "uphahla" ngesikhathi imishini ngabanye-6 km.

Ukuphakama esiphezulu we indiza enophephela emhlane, wabhala umlando eliphelele 12442 amamitha. Aqine balloonist wakhe French Zhan Bule. Aerospatiale yakhe «Lama», ebhekisela subclass "ezinophephela emhlane", wakwazi ukunqoba emgqeni 12-ikhilomitha ngo-1972. Ukundiza kungasho ukufa, ngoba ukuphakama lapho izinga lokushisa ngezansi - 60 ° C, injini okulahlekile. Umshayeli kwadingeka bazibekele elinye irekhodi - nokwehla esiphezulu kule ephezulu liphumele imodi autorotation Rotor main.

Helicopter "Shark"

Ukwamukela ezimbili Rotor umshini nge ilungiselelo coaxial wabo - Ka-50 - has a ophahleni static, izici ezithile lobuchwepheshe ezingeni 4000 amamitha. Engamamitha esiphezulu endizeni "Shark" the Dynamics lingafika ku 5500 metres. Flight isivinini Cruising - 260 km / h, ohlangothini - 80 km / h, emuva - kuze kufinyelele 90 km / h. Ukuphakama ubutha ku Imodi 28 m / s. Akwazi ukwenza "loop loop" ephelele, nakuba lokhu iqhinga kuyingozi ngenxa awokuthi ekubhaxabulweni ngezikulufo.

Ukuze uqhathanise, engamamitha esiphezulu we Mi-26 kuyinto 6500 m, kuyilapho Mi-28 -. 5800 m US Apache AH-64 ongasukuma ukuba 6400 amamitha olwesimanje Ka-52 "Alligator", kanye "Shark". flying endaweni engamamitha 5700 m.