Grossman, "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa": Isifinyezo kanye nokuhlaziywa izithombe namaqhawe

Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman - nomlobi, abanamakhono kakhulu futhi umsebenzi wabo yanyatheliswa kuphela inkathi ncibilika eyiqiniso. A impi umlobeli , wadabula yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe abona kwaseStalingrad Battle. Ukuthi le mihlangano kubonakala emsebenzini wakhe Grossman. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa" (isifinyezo sezinto, futhi kuyoba kuwo isihloko sethu) - inoveli, okuyinto eyaba umvuthwandaba umfanekiso ngokoqobo Soviet.

Mayelana inoveli

Kusukela ngo-1950 kuya ku-1959 wabhala inoveli yeqhawe Vasiliy Semenovich Grossman. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa" (isifinyezo umkhiqizo Uyoletha ngezansi) uqeda dilogy, elaqala umsebenzi "ngenxa yesizathu", njengoba igcwaliswe ngo-1952. Futhi uma ingxenye yokuqala ngokuphelele kufanelekile phakathi izimiso okwangempela sezenhlalo, lona wamuva atholwe ithoni ezahlukene - kwakuzwakala ke ukugxekwa bha ka Stalinism.

ukushicilelwa

Ngo-USSR, inoveli yanyatheliswa ngo-1988. Kwakuhlangene yokuthi akazange sihambisana umugqa ekudalweni yangaphandle Grossman wabhala. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa" (izimpendulo inoveli ekuqaleni wawungelona nje uhide sethusa futhi lento yayibuhlungu) wayebhekwa ngokuthi "ezimelene namaSoviet." Ngemva wonke amakhophi kwadliwa i-KGB.

Ngemva wesandla ukhishiwe, Grossman ebuzwa ayeyibhalela Nikite Sergeevichu Hruschevu ngesicelo ukuchaza ukuthi yini eyokwenzeka kumuntu encwadini yakhe. Esikhundleni ekuphenduleni umbhali wamenywa kukomidi Central, eyakhipha ukuthi incwadi ngeke aphrintwe.

USemyon Lipkin kuphela (imbongi WaseSoviet) wahlala kuphela ikhophi umsebenzi, okuyinto likhishiwe phesheya iminyaka engu-70 futhi, eSwitzerland, eyanyatheliswa ngo-1980.

Grossman, "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa": isifinyezo

Le ndoda endala Mihail Mostovsky, lamakhomanisi, athumba eduze kwaseStalingrad. Iwela ekamu lokuhlushwa eNtshonalanga Jalimane. Njengoba kokubili, umuntu akabi nawo umuzwa ngokusekelwa: uyamzonda Menshevik yakhe Tchernetsov, kukhona siphikisana Ikonnikov-Tolstoyan, ingcindezi kakhulu phezu ezizungezile Major Yershov.

Ngo kwaseStalingrad iza Krymov. Yena - isisebenzi zezombusazwe futhi kufanele unqume ukhomishana ingxabano nomyali Infantry Regiment. Lapho befika kule ndawo, kuvela ukuthi kokubili umphikisi wafa, ebusuku Krymov yena ophoqelelwe ukuya epini.

Isenzo kuhanjiswe ku Kazan. Kukhona usosayensi endaweni esiphuthumayo Victor Shtrum nomkhaya wakhe. Umkakhe ULyudmila ngokuthi indodana yakhe ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wokuqala - mayelana Tole, ngubani-ke manje impi. Iphinde kuyabacasula uhlobo ezisindayo kwendodakazi - Nadi. Shtrum umama, umJuda, kwaba ngo ghetto, okuyinto cishe kungenakwenzeka ukuba asinde.

Ngemva kwesikhashana kufika incwadi evela kumama usosayensi sika, Anny Semenovny. Kuyo, yena akafe ushintsho abantu bebazi kudala: abaningi babeyeka ukuxoxa naye, buthule wakhahlela egumbini. Futhi ngosuku olulandelayo wawuzoqhutshwa share kuqothulwe wonke amaJuda, futhi kuba encwadini yokuvalelisa indodana yakhe.

Akusona ngokoqobo enhle nobuqhawe libonisa Grossman. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa" (isifinyezo, ngokwengxenye ukuqonda, ikakhulukazi) lidlulisela Lesihluku Ukwesabeka kwakho kweminyaka yempi futhi hhayi kuphela ivela amaJalimane.

ULyudmila ifunda ukuthi Toll ulimalile esibhedlela. Waphuthuma khona, kodwa ngasekupheleni - umfana uyafa.

Commissioner Tank Corps esimisiwe owayengunobhala we lekomiti yesifunda ye Hetman, owayehlala konke ukuphila kwakhe e ukuthopha, yokulahlwa amanga. Lezi zimiso manje wamfuna ngenkuthalo ithwala emisebenzini yayo front-line. Naye wamabutho amabutho novikov, owenza konke okusemandleni akhe ukuze unciphise inani izisulu. Ngakho kuye uhlela kuhlaselwa imizuzu eyisishiyagalombili, njengoba ngokushesha kuletha Getmanov.

Novikov owayo uthandana Evgeny Shaposhnikov, nowayengunkosikazi Krymov. Ahlangana naye ukubuya, kodwa waxwayisa wathi uzobathathela ukushiya uma umyeni uyaboshwa.

It uwela ekuthunjweni German UZandile Osipovna Levinton, udokotela ohlinzayo lempi. Bekanye namanye amaJuda owawusenqoleni yayo ezinezinhlamvu futhi wathunyelwa ekamu. Endleleni ayibone le ndoda isidingo kancane ibe izinkomo angenamagama. Lapha ahlangana Lapho esengumfana, uDavide. Owesifazane ududuza kuya last child, kodwa ayikho insindiso - phambi kwabo elinde ukufa esinobuthi.

KwaseStalingrad - eMoscow

Isethi ukudalelwa eziyinkimbinkimbi nezinezinhlekelele ukuboniswa Vasiliy Grossman. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa" (isifinyezo umkhiqizo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba waphinda ukubona lokhu) - inoveli lapho kungekho ngokwenama of ngokoqobo sezenhlalo kanye obligatory enesiphetho esijabulisayo. Ngakho-ke, echaza uhlobo yalo msebenzi, kubalulekile ukususa ingxenye "social", sashiya kuphela izwi okwangempela.

Krymov wathola oda ukuya kwaseStalingrad. Kukhona-ke kumelwe ulethe oda ekamu lama-umbimbi, laso, amaGreki, kuholela anti-uStalin amasosha izingxoxo. Uma kudingekile Krimov angayisusa ovela Grekova.

Krymov amuncwa omunye umqondo - ukubamba umlawuli ku emelene ngempela namaSoviet. Ekugcineni, uya ukubhala okubalahla. Kodwa akudingeki isikhathi - amaGreki futhi amadoda angabulawa. Nokho, leli phephandaba ekwazile ukwenza umsebenzi walo ezingcolile: umlawuli akuyona enikezwa Hero zaseSoviet Union ngaphandle kokuphazanyiswa kwakhe isihloko.

Ukulandisa ubuyela incazelo ekamu lokuhlushwa, lapho Masty uhlala. Lapha uzama ukudala inhlangano komhlaba, kodwa akukho nobumbano phakathi iziboshwa, abantu abaningi abangethembi nomunye. Ngakho, uKhomishana Osipov osola imicabango yokungathembeki Ershov, ongowokuzalwa imikhaya abaxosha, wesaba ukuthi kungenzeka uthole amandla amaningi eqenjini. Ershov ngokumelene izenzo kanye Kotikov, umsekeli izindlela kaStalin. Ngenxa yalokho, isinqumo ukubeka Ershov ikhadi ebhokisini yilapho kungena khona idatha abakhethelwa ukuba kuthunyelwe laseBuchenwald. Mosty ungathandi lo mbono, kodwa yena uyavumelana yini nalokho iningi. Ngesikhathi esifanayo isitjela inkampani engaziwa ukuba amaJalimane, lawo ngokushesha abhubhise bonke abahlanganyela kuso.

Shtrum wabuyela eMoscow kanye sikhungo lapho usebenza. Ucedzela abuye ashicilele umsebenzi wesayensi yenuzi, okuyinto ngokushesha kuphakamisa isithakazelo nezilinganiso okusezingeni eliphezulu. Ngenxa yalokho, wafaka phambili ngokuba Stalin Prize. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, i-Institute ngase amaJuda liwohloka. Sturm ezama ukumelela kubo, kuholele yokuthi isimo sakhe ziyingozi kakhulu.

Ngezinye izikhathi Shtrum sakubona Mariey Sokolovoy. Kancane kancane uyaqaphela ukuthi uyawuthanda owesifazane, futhi yena aphendvule zakhe. Kodwa Maria Ivanovna washada, futhi ngokushesha lo mbhangqwana uthola imizwa yakhe. Sokolov kuthatha isithembiso unkosikazi ukungasa ukuhlangana Shtrum. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, le-physics iqala ukushushiswa.

ukubopha

Ngaphambi kokufika kwaseStalingrad Krymov Kuboshwe nabanye futhi wathumela kuJehowashi eMoscow. He is ngesikhathi Lubyanka, lapho ngokusebenzisa sokuhlushwa ezama ukumphoqa ukuba avume ukuthi ngesikhathi Battle of kwaseStalingrad wakhaphela lokhokho. Krymov isikhathi eside ayikwazanga ukuthola ukusuka lezi zinsolo.

Luphakamisa inkinga Umbuzo wamaJuda Grossman. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa" (isifinyezo izahluko) - ubufakazi ngaphezulu lokhu. enengqondo kakhulu futhi ezimibalabala lochazwe kokuyenga Shtrum. Ngo iphephandaba sikhungo BakaJehova banyathelisa sihloko yinhlekelele, physics wathonyelwa ukuba akhulume komkhandlu zezemfundo axolise. Shtrum enqaba futhi akezi emhlanganweni. Umkhaya shoka him futhi eqaphela isimo sezombusazwe kuleliya lizwe elungiselela ukuboshwa. Ngosuku olufanayo ukushaya Shtrum Maria Ivanovna, wayeziqhenya kubo nokunxanela.

Zemvelo awaxoshwa emsebenzini, kodwa kungabi khona muntu oboshwayo. Naye kuphele bonke ubudlelwane nabangane abadala nabajwayelene nabo. Yena nomkhaya wakhe - atihambi todvwa.

Kodwa umsebenzi unesithakazelo Shtrum uStalin. ngokushesha Academic sokubuyisela nimnike laboratory yazo ukuze bazisebenzise.

Krymov amanga ngemva kokuba bahlushwa ehhovisi ngesikhathi Lubyanka, ezwa inkulumo ka ukuthunjwa kwaseStalingrad. Ebona amaGreki eza ukumhlangabeza. It uyaqhubeka imibuzo kodwa ngenqaba ukusayina avume izono Krymov. It kuhoxiswa ekamelweni, lapho ethola khona ukudluliswa baphindele umkakhe Eugenia.

Wathweswa iziqu ubusika, ehlathini entwasahlobo ungezwakala ukubangalasa ngomufi futhi injabulo ekuphileni okusha.

Ingcikitsi umqondo

nezindaba eminingi yefilosofi ehlanganiswa emsebenzini wakhe Grossman. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa" - indzaba lapho mibuzo yabuzwa zodlame kanye nenkululeko, ezempi kanye ukuphila kunokuba aye empini. War - hhayi nje udweshu phakathi amabutho kwala mazwe womabili, futhi umzabalazo imihlaba ehlukene, emibonweni eyehlukene ukuphila. Wachaya izinkinga acute iningi umbhali yethu isikhathi, ukubonakala kuwukuphikisana eyinhloko nenkathi yamaSoviet.

Nokwelukiweyo kulo lonke ekuphileni umkhiqizo futhi isihloko ukudalelwa. Kulokhu, isiphetho ibonwa njengoba isidingo, akukho inkululeko, ingcindezi evela kuziphathimandla, futhi ukuphila - inkululeko, ukwehluka, elandelayo ukuqhuma wakhe ngokomzwelo.

Ingxabano main

Ngimhlolile isifinyezo sezinto Romana Grossmana "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa", umfundi uyaqonda ukuthi umkhiqizo oyinhloko ukungqubuzana - ubudlova ingxabano kanye nenkululeko, isimo nomuntu. Ngokucace lezi ukuphikisana ziyabonakala nokucabanga Amaqhawe ngemiphumela ka repressions kukaStalin, le collectivization, "ukuphila nezifiki ekhethekile '.

Umbhali elivunyelwa iveza abantu abaphethwe ngaphansi kwejoka lamaNazi futhi kokubusa kweSoviet, ekutholeni Kuningi ukufana okukhona phakathi: abantu bayafa, ngokuziphatha okonakele, ophikelelayo give up, amagwala abanesibindi, ezinhle athukuthele. Ukwesaba ubani wabe umphumela ngokulinganayo yingozi kubantu. Kuyinto akukho ngozi evela embhalweni we ukuqhathanisa njalo Stalin kanye Hitler. Laba baholi ababili kwakungenye yezindlela yokuchayeka - ukwesaba.

Isiphetho inoveli uvuliwe, umbuzo engaphenduliwe uhlala ukuthi ukuwina umuntu - inkululeko noma imvelo oyisicashalala.

Krymov

Lots of izinhlamvu afakwe Roman yakhe Grossman ( "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa", sikhumbula, saxoxa namuhla). Kodwa eziyisisekelo kancane, kuhlanganise uKhomishane KwamaBolshevik Krymov. Wakhonza ngokwethembeka ukuphila kwakhe konke ukuze inguquko. Ngo ukuqonda kwakhe "kuhle" - yilokhu bayazuza esimweni. Isikweletu kokuphindela eSoviet Union ngaphezu kwakho konke ngaye. Ngisho ngesikhathi sempi siye saba, lapho kukhona abantu abafayo futhi udinga ukuthi ucabange ngalokhu kulondolozwa yena kanye lokhokho, ifika kwaseStalingrad, ukulandela Grekov, ngubani namahemuhemu ukuba ezithi basebenzisa budedengu Stalin umbuso.

Njengoba ayevaleleke emigodini ye Lubyanka, ukubukeka okusha Krymov nganoma ukuphila esikhathini esidlule, uyaqaphela ngesiphambeko sawo. ukuzisola kwayo ihlushwe ngoba yokulahlwa Grekov.

Shtrum

Kule ndaba, hero evusa inkinga ngobuhlobo amaJuda phakathi nempi, Grossman. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa", isifinyezo, ukuhlaziya umsebenzi nendlela yempilo nombhali kusiza ukuqonda ukuthi uqhelelene kangakanani kwaba isihloko umbhali. Shtrum - i-physics oluvelele kabani ukutholakala bangasiza isimo ukuqinisa amandla akhe, kepha yena ngokulambisa aphuthelwe ekamu uStalin ngenxa imvelaphi yabo.

Lesi sithombe ezithakazelisayo ngoba Grossman unika hero ngikhethe ukukhaphela ngokwabo, ngaphandle kokungena zokuhambisana iphepha, noma uhlale ezinkolelweni zabo, kodwa waphinda adalule ukuphila kwakhe engozini. Shtrum iza ngobugwala, futhi lokhu senzo samlahlekisela kuye eside ukuzisola.

Getmanov

Siyaqhubeka ukuqaqa izithombe heroes kule noveli, owabhala Grossman ( "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa"). Against isizinda odlule ezimbili namaqhawe imele Getmanov. Akazange wayenethuba lokuzikhethela, wayekade kudala banquma ukuthi into esemqoka - ukwenza expediently. Uma uthi nhlá, kubonakala kuyinto uhlamvu ebukekayo kakhulu futhi ehlakaniphile. Wayeqotho kahle isiphambeko sabo futhi akazi ukuthi unesikhathi "phansi yesibili." isikhashana Indlela yena ngokuphela abasebenzi basemapulazini collective ngubani phansi amaholo abo.

isiphetho

incazelo ezingavamile kakhulu futhi ezithakazelisayo Stalin inkathi Grossman ethulwa kulofundzako. "Ungenzele ukuphila nomusa Ukudalelwa", sifinyeto okuyinto sahlola - inoveli okuhloswe ngazo ekulweni kobushiqela. Akunandaba ukuthi it is owawusekelwe wamaNazi noma Soviet.