Gregory Chukhray: Biography, Filmography, ukuphila siqu, izithombe

Gregory Chukhray - Soviet ifilimu umqondisi, umculi ehloniphekile, umbhali wemidlalo ne phetho njengabakufanelekelayo abe yisibonelo isizukulwane yesimanje. Three alimala empini, wakwazi ukusinda ngokusebenzisa esibukweni TV ukwazisa ababukeli lokusungula yakhe eyingqayizivele.

Gregory Chukhray: Biography of the filmmaker Soviet

Gregory wazalwa ngo Melitopol (Ukraine, Zaporizhia esifundeni) May 23, 1921. Uyise - Naum Zinovevich Rubanov kwaba lempi. Umama - UClaudia Petrovna Chukhray ngemva kokwehlukana kumyeni wakhe ngo-1924, wabe esehlangana nendoda baba usingayise wakhe UGrigory. NguPawulu Antonovich slavi, wasebenza ukuba ngibe usihlalo Kolkhoz, wabeka ekukhulisweni engcono izici zobuntu womfana.

Ekupheleni kuka-1939, Grigoriy Chuhray ngabuthelwa ebuthweni. Izikhungo yaqala ukuthela njengoba ubusosha izikole regimental Battalion 134 th Infantry Division emzini Mariupol. Phakathi ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe, wanikeza umbiko phezu yokwemukela Airborne Umbutho, ngubani waneliswa umyalo. Ngakho, ngokuba ilungu lamasotsha aqeqeshelwe ukugxuma emabhanoyini, Grigoriy Chuhray nengxenye izimpi izimpi ezahlukene ekumeleleni kwaseStalingrad, ngokuvamile wagxuma ngemuva imigqa isitha ngezindiza ezincane, izikhathi eziningana walinyazwa. Ngo-August 1944 waba ilungu CPSU (b), futhi ngo-December 1945, ngokuba elisezingeni uLieutenant, sahoxiswa ukulimala kuze kufike endaweni ebekelwe. Front ngenxa yendlela lidlule Grigoriy Chuhray uye izindondo eziningi, phakathi kwawo - Red Star, Order besizukulwane seMpi Patriotic, ngendondo "Ngoba Ulwela kwaseStalingrad", "Ukuze Ukunqoba phezu eJalimane".

Izinyathelo kuqala ebhayisikobho

Ekubuyeleni kwakhe e-ngo-1946 kusukela ngaphambili esizayo umqondisi Gregory Chukhray, ogama Filmography ukwethembeka okuthusayo amandla angaphakathi amafilimu, wangena VGIK, uMnyango oqondisa. Ukusebenza njengoba umsizi umqondisi, bathi wayeyingane efana nezinye intern e ifilimu M. Romm "Admiral Ushakov". Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu, ngo-1953, uGregory wacelwa ukuba ahlale at "Mosfilm", kodwa insizwa ethembisa wanquma ukuphindela e-Ukraine, lapho ngathola umsebenzi ngesikhathi Kiev studio sici amafilimu njengoba umsizi kuqala bese umqondisi yesibili.

Military "I amane Okokuqala"

Ngo-1955, ngesicelo M. Romm futhi A. Gregory Pyreva Chukhray (izithombe ethulwa esihlokweni) wayiswa "Mosfilm". Lapho, umlobi wasungula amafilimu lokuqala ozimele "I amane Okokuqala" (1956), ogxile noveli B. Lavrenev. Lo msebenzi wawubhekwa ayazise izilaleli futhi wathandwa Cannes Film Festival 1957 umklomelo okhethekile. Lesi sithombe se-uthando esasizobhujiswa emkhatsini webantfu lababili abazithola izinhlangothi eziphikisanayo ngothango ekilasini laba bafundi, le ngobuqotho, nemizwa ejulile zamadoda nabesifazane ngobuqotho kudlalwa Isolde Izvitskaya futhi Oleg Strizhenov ziye zaba uphawu inkathi 1950. Le ndlela, lapho zonke kanzima ngempela futhi achingly ngobuqotho, kwenza maningakholwa kuphela okwenzekayo esikrinini, kodwa futhi ukuze ubonise ukuthi uzwelana ngayo yonke inhliziyo yami. Nakuba ngaphambili amakhamera akekho ofile futhi ayikho amabutho esitha umqondisa Grigoriy Chuhray uye wakwazi ukwenza izilaleli uzwa sempi ezijulile, okubonisa ukuthi ngisho nasezikhathini ku-acute kakhulu nelesabekayo zomlando izikhathi ukuphila kuyaqhubeka, futhi abantu bethandana, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi.

Arc "Ballad of a Soldier"

Okulandelayo isithombe Chuhraja "Ballad of a Soldier" (1959) kwaba yimpumelelo, futhi ngokunqoba udabula izikrini zomhlaba, uye izindondo ezimbili ngesikhathi Cannes Film Festival, ukushaya abantu besikhathi ukuqonda okujulile Psychology lomuntu oyedwa, kuvumelana kwalo nobuqotho kwezobuciko. Umqondo lo ifilimu Gregory Chuhraja kuhlehlela emuva eminyakeni yakhe umfundi. Yena, impi sobudala, kakhulu bathanda ukutshela mayelana ozakwabo zakhe, abaningi babo abazange baphile ngokuvumelana ukuthula. Ukusiza naleli cebo esesizile abasha umqondisi, umbhali wemidlalo Valentin Yezhov, futhi empini yokugcina bafisa iqiniso, ngokwethembeka, ngaphandle imishwana elikhulu, amagama alula womuntu ukutshela mayelana wesimanje, leli sosha-iqhawe owanikela ngokuphila kwakhe ngenxa lokhokho. Uhlamvu main Alyosha Skvortsov, ngubani lolungenamaphutsa eyadlalwa uVladimir Ivashov, sekuwuphawu ocwebezelayo leli sosha Russian ka ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe.

"Sky Hlanza" Gregory Chuhraja

Le filimu "Clean Sky" (1961) wayezinikele sokuqonda umlando kwesikhathi uStalin yezwe. Lena indaba "uheshe uStalin" umshayeli elinesibindi Soviet owasinda ekuthunjweni isiJalimane, waxoshwa kulo party, bokuhlukaniswa Hero kweSoviet Union, kodwa asele lamaKhomanisi zifa ekukholweni. Umdwebo wethulwa brilliant yabalingisi Ensemble: Nina Drobysheva, evgeniy Urbansky, Oleg Tabakov.

Ngo-1964, izikrini waya ezimbili ifilimu okukhulu "Kube i Couple Old" Sitshela mayelana nokuphila kwabantu we asemaqaqasini isiRashiya, okungukuthi Gusakova abadala. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe wawela olunzima: umlilo owabhubhisa endlini, ephoqa osukhulile ukuya indodakazi Nina sika e-Arctic, lapho ukuphila okunjalo akwenzeki. Le filimu isitshela indaba uhlanga lwesintu ngenxa injabulo, futhi isihloko Umdwebo libhekisela umbukeli kuya Pushkin sika inganekwane mayelana izinhlanzi igolide.

Mayelana umama owephula

umsebenzi Landelayo - "Bog" yavela ezikrinini ngo-1977. Le filimu imayelana umama owephula - Matryona Bystrova (Nonna Mordjukova), owashonelwa umyeni wakhe phambili kuqala, bese eyizibulo. Ukuzama ukugcina impi ingane encane kunawo - okuthulile, Dmitry namahloni (Andrey Nikolaev), wanquma ukuba amthukusele egunjini eliphezulu ophahleni. Londoloza indodana, unina walahla ngokwayo ukuze le wahlushwa unembeza, futhi inzalo yabo - the ukufa okungokomoya. Usuku ngalunye oludlulayo, Dmitry iphenduka ibe nezilwane Haunted nokubi, okuphila siqukethe ukudla, ukukhononda, ukumangalela umuntu ngazo zonke izinkathazo ngumama kokuphila ngokwesaba njalo. Private umama indaba owephula likhula umongo ifilimu ukuze ukucwaninga, okwenza le ucezu ebaluleke kakhulu umsebenzi ngesikhathi ezempi. Okokuqala, Grigoriy Chuhray wafuna ushayele ifilimu "umlando atypical", ngoba umama uphoqelekile ukuba afihle ingane akuyona ezitheni, kodwa kusuka bebodwa.

"Ukuphila enhle" kuleli zwe oqanjiwe

Joint umsebenzi eSoviet-Italian "Life is Beautiful" (1980) kanye iqhaza Ornella Muti - Italian ibhayisikobho star - isitshela indaba izwe ezinye ngengqondo, okuyinto obuswa Junta lempi futhi emshaya ngesihluku ukuyiveza noma imuphi umcabango khulula. Umshayeli wetekisi Antonio Murillo ehileleka umzabalazo yezombangazwe engekho emthethweni ngenkathi wobushiqela. Ukuphupha lomshayeli womkhumbi career kanye indiza yakhe siqu, uba yisisulu yesahlulelo sokulahla, kuyinto ejele, lapho bebehlala khona: ahlukunyezwe. Ngenxa nobunyoninco wabonisa wakwazi ukuhlela beqa ejele, ngisho aphume ezweni.

Ngo-1985 yena co-kwentiwe ne M. Volodsky noJ Gregory Shvyrevym Chukhray, Filmography egxile sempi, wenza documentary, "Ngizonifundisa ukuphupha" (1985). Umsebenzi lunikezelwe inkumbulo uthisha omkhulu futhi umqondisi Mark Donskoy.

Kuqondiswe ngu Gregory Chukhray: othanda ukuphila

umqondisi ukuphila Siqu Gregory Chuhraja efana umsebenzi wakhe - wangempela, ukubhoboza, ngobuqotho. umqondisi lakhe esizayo unkosikazi Iraidu Penkovu wahlangana ngo-1942 Yessentuki, lapho wathunyelwa njengengxenye Airborne Kwamabutho. Kanye nabangane bakhe umfundi oneminyaka engu-21 ubudala ngaleso sendawo sikhungo Pedagogical ukumba anti-tank okugqoma, waya umdanso kusihlwa. Kukhona futhi wahlangana ezimbili neengcezu of wonke efanayo. Lapho amaJalimane bangena emzini, le nsizwa wayiswa nezinye izikhundla, kanye Iraida asele emzini. Kwaphela iminyaka emibili, Grigoriy Chuhray empilweni yakho ukuthi akwenzi mqondo ngaphandle u-Iraida, ekufuneni uthando lwakhe, kodwa kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Wabe wabhalela iphephandaba "I-Komsomolskaya Pravda", futhi kwenzeka isimangaliso: uye efunda lo mlayezo futhi uphendule. Ngo-1944, Grigoriy Chuhray wabuyela akhululwa abahlaseli German edolobheni, futhi kwangathi umbhangqwana oshadile 9. Kusukela umakoti Iraida waklonyeliswa nge isixha enkulu lilacs. Ngemva konyaka, ngo-1945, ngokuhlanganyela esenzeka ngalo emshadweni umndeni osemncane sigubha Ukunqoba Omkhulu. Kusukela ngoMeyi 9 waba iholide double imibhangqwana kanye lilacs - imibala kakhulu. Ngezinye Gregory Iraida ngayo futhi yaqhubeka ikhona ezingaphezu kuka kwamashumi amahlanu. Abantwana bakwa-umqondisi - indodana uPawulu, silandele indlela uyise ube filmmaker, futhi indodakazi Elena, owathweswa iziqu ifilimu umlando VGIK.

imisebenzi yangaphandle Chuhraja

Ngaphezu ukuqopha le filmmaker Soviet imatasa kwezenhlalo, befundisa izinto zokuphatha ngesikhathi 1965-1975 kwaba umqondisi bokubeka inhlangano kokulinganisa zokudala ne "Mosfilm", e 1966-1971 wayesebenza njengoba uthisha e workshop umqondisi sika VGIK. Kusukela ngo-1965, wakhonza njengephayona uNobhala we-Union of cinematographer, futhi eminyakeni 1964-1991. - ilungu State Cinema IKomiti ye-USSR.

I zokuphila kwakhe Grigoriy Chuhray iminyaka lokugcina nezibi, isifo senhliziyo eziningana, uhambo ezimbi. Ungabi umqondisi omkhulu Okthoba 29, 2001, wembelwa emathuneni Vagankovsky eMoscow.

Kuze kube manje, i-Soviet umqondisi wamabhayisikobho engumnikazi abaningi kakhulu imiklomelo international - 101! Futhi naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi empilweni yakhe yokudala Grigoriem Chuhraem wadutshulwa ingqikithi 8 amafilimu. Ngamunye wabo, Wakhumula ku eyayo, cha fanele bono kanjani ukusebenza yomunye impahla. Eminyakeni eminingi ngemva kokufa umqondisi, amabhayisikobho akhe namanje iqhaza imikhosi ifilimu, abathola imiklomelo ehlukahlukene.