Gafur Gulam: Biography futhi umsebenzi imbongi

Gafur Gulam - imbongi kanye umbhali, othanda ukulwa abanothando ubungane, injabulo, futhi ukuthula phakathi kwezizwe. izinkondlo zakhe, izindaba, amanoveli kanye netinkondlo zahunyushelwa ezilimini ezingaphezu kuka-30, futhi phakathi neminyaka "ukwelelesa" wahleka cishe zonke izakhamuzi zaseSoviet.

Gafur Gulam: Biography

Poet ozalelwa ongumlimi emkhayeni ompofu ngo-April 27 (ngokuvumelana kweminye imithombo, 10 Meyi) enhlokodolobha yase-Uzbekistan 1903 - Tashkent. Gafur Gulam (igama langempela), naphezu kwaqala, kanye nawo wonke amalungu omndeni, zihlukaniswa ingokomoya okusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nekukwati kufundza nekubhala. Ubaba Mirza Ghulam Arif wayeyindoda kahle ukufunda, futhi ngabhala nenkondlo. Mukimi, Furkat, Khislat babemenywe njalo emakhaya abo.

Kepha unina imbongi Tash Bibi, yena, njengabo umyeni wakhe, akazithelanga ngabandayo izinkondlo nezindaba ubhala. Ngenxa nokubhala abazali kubantwana bakwa-umndeni ngokushesha ukufunda. Ngisho nalapho ngiseyingane Gafur Ghulam ukufunda isiFarsi imisebenzi Alisher Navoi, Saadi futhi Hafiz. Omunye umfana ngephutha wabhala inkondlo yakhe yokuqala yabonisa unina lokho lona wesifazane wathi, qiniseka uthintane futhi ubonise ithalente bakhe noyise baba.

Ukulahleka umondli

Ekwindla ka-1912 uyise Ghulam aka wabuyela ekhaya ngaphambili kakhulu kunokujwayelekile. beat wakhe imfiva nomzimba lwayo lwashisa. Tash Bibi ayekufake umyeni wakhe embhedeni, wagcoba abagulayo kwezimvu ezikhulupheleyo, futhi ukuphuza hot itiye herbal. Phakathi kobusuku lo muntu wayeyigqolozele kokuziklinya futhi ukhwehlela kakhulu. Call udokotela kwakungenakwenzeka njengoba wayengekho mahalla. Lesi sifo sibe sibi nakakhulu ukuthi endlini ubudala, etholakala amaxhaphozi, bekulokhu manzi njalo. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezimbalwa, umndeni walahlekelwa yomkhaya, nezingane ezinhlanu eziyizintandane. Imibhalo emidala kunayo yonke ngaleso sikhathi wayeneminyaka engu-9 ubudala futhi encane - izinyanga eziyisithupha kuphela.

Kamuva Gafur Ghulam ukuthi njalo ukukhumbula izinkondlo, bekhala kanina, owayesebenzisa ishiywa kulotshelwe emhlabeni umyeni oneminyaka engu-44 ubudala:

"... I zinwele ezimnyama amashiya zami wawa.
Inhliziyo yami ukudabuka, injabulo sehlazweni,
Uma ungibuze nalokho okwakwenzeka kimi - ngiyophendula:
- ngokwahlukana amajikijolo ukudla ngathola ... "

Kodwa inkinga ongawushiyanga umndeni kungakabiphi bafa nonina. Futhi Gafoor iqala besprizornichat. Ngazama ngokwayo ezihlukahlukene ukuzibonakalisa. Ungeniswe ekhaya lezingane. Ngahamba ngayosebenza esitolo ukuphrinta njengoba typesetter futhi babhaliswa ezinhlelweni zokuqeqeshwa kothisha izifundo.

Kukhululwa incwadi yokuqala yabezindaba osizini lomshado omuncu

Ngo-1919, ngemva kokuphothula ukuqeqeshwa uthisha izifundo, Gafur Gulam ethola umsebenzi esikoleni samabanga aphansi. Thishela akagcinanga ngokufundisa izingane, kodwa futhi wahambela kwezinye izindawo imihlangano nabangani kanye nosebenza nabo.

Ukuze iwenze ube lula ukuphila Man intandane, izihlobo banquma ukushada naye. Akekho walalela resistances Man, futhi kungakabiphi wayeseqhuba wadlala lomshado yokulala esesimweni esiphansi nalab UMaria, intombazane evela mahalla engumakhelwane. Ngokushesha Kholida ozalwa indodakazi, kodwa umshado yachitheka.

Imbongi nekhanda lakhe wangena ekuphileni komphakathi kanye lokusungula. Ubani wazizwela ubunzima bokuphila uyintandane, Gafur Gulam kokuba ngomunye abahleli ekulweni nakhaya kuleli zwe. Ngo-1923 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile-nhloko wesikole boarding. Ebusuku, lapho embundwini 15 izikhungo babe izintandane, kwalotshwa inkondlo ukuthi ngemva kwesikhathi esithile kwaba incwadi yokuqala nabezindaba.

umbhali izingane

Ukuphila akusho yima, Gafur ibambisane omagazini abaningi, wahlangana nabantu abahlukahlukene yokudala, abalobi. Futhi owayo uthandana omunye walab 'odade yomlobi abasha Mukhitdin Hayrullaeva - Muharram. In autumn 1931, abathandi hlanganani okwakuyokwenzeka, kwacaca ukuthi, kuze kube phakade. Osemncane wayenokholo nzima ngokuya kwansuku, kodwa ngumfazi onawo amazinyane kwakuwumkhuba sasendlini ezinhle nomyeni wakhe ohlonishwa ebugqilini nobunzima yasekhaya. Wayeqonda ukubaluleka komsebenzi wakhe.

Umndeni wobungane izingane yaqala ukubonakala.

Izibulo - Ulugbek Guliamov - wazalwa ngo-1933, ku-1 Okthoba. Wayesebenza njengoba umqondisi we-Institute of Nuclear Physics, elihambisana ilungu Academy of Sciences kanye physics enuzi USSR. Washona ngo-1990, ngo-March 15.

Ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngo-1938, lapho ngiseyintombazanyana Olmos, waba intatheli.

Mirza Abdul Qadir Guliamov (kanye nomfowethu omdala, i-Education physics enuzi) wazalwa ngo-1945, ngo-February 17. Wayengumuntu ilungu Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, umqondisi we-Institute of Physics kwelanga, bese, kusuka 2000 kuya ku 2005, izingubo zomsebenzi isikhonzi lokuqala ukuzivikela weRiphabhulikhi Uzbekistan.

Unyaka 1947 kwaphawulwa ukubukeka enye indodana - Hondamir, kamuva owaba mlando.

Ngo-1950 yena wazalwa le Indodakazi encane - Toshhon ukuthi Gafur okuthiwa kumemori kunina. Toshhon kube akanamahloni abazali bakhe futhi ukuze ngiwufeze ngesikhathi umndeni abadumile. Waba sesayensi futhi degree zakhe zobudokotela.

Mangisho ukuthi indodakazi ukuba ibuye emshadweni wayo wokuqala Kholida ngaphambi kokuba ashade futhi wahlala endlini kayise.

ekudalweni

Izinkondlo futhi temibhalo yephrozi netindzaba umbhali unekhono - ubeqhakambisa umlando abantu Uzbek. Batshela bonke ngemishophi ukuphila nenjabulo. A indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukeni ezincwadi Uzbekistan kudlalwa Gafur Gulam isebenza abhalwe ngemva kwempi. Zimbalwa Abantu abasala qakala ngendalo yakhe, "Mina ngiyindoda engumJuda," "Ilinde kuwe, ndodana yami," futhi "Awuyena uyintandane."

Enkondlweni sempi Gafur Gulam bagcwala imizwa nemicabango zabantu eziye zamukela izingalo. Futhi ngemva kwempi yezwe yesibili izinkondlo zakhe zigcwele imizwelo kanye nemizwelo engokwengqondo labo ngesikhathi esisodwa wakhuthaza ukuthula Emhlabeni. Ngakho, izinkondlo post-yimpi - phambili emnyangweni wezempi futhi ukuxhumanisa nezikhathi ezimbili ezinzima avele 2 inkondlo: "Khumbula, nilindele Motherland" futhi "umkhosi abawinile."

udumisa

Imisebenzi yakhe uqala ukuvela esinye izinhlelo umagazini "Maorif Ukituvchi Islands" ngo-1923. It is kule ncwadi, kwathiwa ohlwini Gafur Ghulam. Imiklomelo semisebenzi tetemibhalo, wathola kamuva kakhulu. Ngo-1946, imbongi iba owawina Stalin Prize. Ngemva komunye 3 Order of Lenin, 2 - Red Banner Wezabasebenzi (1939 futhi 1963.), "Ibheji Ukuhlonishwa" futhi izindondo eziningi. Eminyakeni inkondlo zokugcina abhalwe 1970 wathola Lenin Prize (kwakhe).

Gafur Gulam, "Ukuganga-umenzi" (isifinyezo)

imisebenzi Abaningi baye enikelwe izingane. Ethandwa kakhulu ngempumelelo kwaba noveli "Ukuganga-umenzi" ( "Shum bola", 1936-1962 GG.), Lapho iqhawe isitshela indaba yokuphila kwakhe okubuhlungu.

Umfana wabaleka ekhaya uyisekazi lapho unina ujeziselwa ukususwa imikhiqizo ephuma endlini. Kodwa ngisho lapha, kwalandelwa ukwehluleka: ngengozi wabulala umfowabo kayise, izigwaca, futhi kwadingeka ukuba ayeke le ndlu. Kwaqala kanjalo ukuphila kwakhe hobo, mayelana nokuthi iziphi izinhlelo utshela abafundi bakhe.

Eqinisweni, umkhiqizo "Ukuganga-umenzi" - indaba ebuntwaneni kombhali. Indaba kanjani, uyintandane, wayesemsebenzini ekuseni kuze kuhlwe izulazula emigwaqweni ewubhuqu yakwa-Tashkent, hhayi nje bamisa futhi abamagange bathatha kuze iliphi ithuba imali ethe xaxa.

Kodwa eqanjiwe fun and emcabangweni ongashi benza umfana Naughty like edume Nasreddin - Uzbek temdzabu iqhawe. It is ngesineke ibhoklolo amahlaya. Kuyo kukhona amazwi, izaga, ukuqhathanisa. I protagonist esiphila phakathi umcabango ubheka umhlaba "ngokusebenzisa ngobuqili hleka stoklyshki".

Umlobi wayeye wagxila imizwa abanonya kanye nakho, ukubonisa isimo elingaphakathi kwengqondo. Konke kuchazwa ngale ndaba: izenzakalo, izinto, yilokho izungeza iqhawe - wadala for ukuvulwa zimbi imizwa ka ndoda omncane.

House-Museum

Yaqalwa ngo-1983. Buyekeza ukuvezwa ngesikhathi khona kwenzeka kabili. Ngo-1988 nango-1998 Museum izinto okwakubhalwa agcwaliswa nge ubufakazi obusha ukuthandwa kanye buza of imbongi kanye nomsebenzi wakhe. Umqondisi we Museum - indodakazi umbhali Olmos Gafurovna.

Itholakala mansion ezimbili storey, lapho kusuka ngo-1944 kuya 1946 wayehlala futhi esebenza imbongi Gafur Ghulam. Ngo izindonga zawo izindlu endlini-Museum setfulo yesikhumbuzo nokulotshwa kwalo.

Three amahholo esitezi sokuqala uzinikele impilo kanye nezikhathi main okudala imbongi. 1st namakamelo 2nd ukutshela izivakashi mayelana esakhula we Countryman abadumile, ekubeni naye njengoba imbongi kanye, yebo, ukuthandwa okuyinto ithole izinkondlo izikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili. Sikhuluma ngekondlo adumile "Awuyena uyintandane" futhi inoveli "Ukuganga-umenzi", lahunyushelwa ezilimini eziningi ngokushesha.

zezitsha Special ezifakiwe Esitezi, usitshele ngomsebenzi futhi inguqulo yakhe umsebenzi academician. Ikamelo zokugcina kuveza ukuqashelwa lonke nothando. Ukuze kuhlonishwe Gafur Gulam okuthiwa metro station (Tashkent), Museum (Kokand), okuyiwona imbongi ukwenze ukwabiwa isakhiwo esihlukile, ipaki nokungcebeleka (Tashkent) futhi enye yezincwadi ngobukhulu wokubhala Uzbekistan. Ibuye ibe izinto nge engu-95 90- futhi ukukhunjulwa kosuku lokuzalwa kwakhe, okuyinto kabanzi kugujwa lakubo.

Isakhiwo yesikhumbuzo itholakala esitezi sesibili. Office, igumbi zokuzithabisa egumbini lokuphumula uzoqhubeka ezinye yasendlini izinto imbongi sika. Esikhathini umtapo ungathola imisebenzi nge Autographs yakhe futhi izincwadi ukuthi Gafur Gulam wathola njengesipho esivela abalobi nabo.

Indawo egcina amagugu esizwe Ikheli: Republic Uzbekistan, Tashkent idolobha, emgwaqweni Arpapaya, 1 (eyingqopha - Umculo Mukimi yaseshashalazini eduze Besh-Agach). Ivula amahora - nsuku zonke kusuka ngo 10:00 kuya ku 17:00. Usuku off - ngoMsombuluko.

namuhla

Ipaki "Gafoor Ghulam" e Tashkent (isithombe kukhonjisiwe ngezansi) - enye yezindawo ezinkulu kakhulu endaweni e-Uzbekistan, wahlulwa ngo-1967, lapho kwakhiwa Chilanzar. Lona omunye ozithandayo izindawo iholide hhayi kuphela abantu bendawo, kodwa futhi abavakashi enhlokodolobha.

Ehlobo, oluhlaza, ipaki ehlanzekile kahle igcinwe iphenduka ibe indawo wokutakula elangeni elishisa bhe i fidgets kancane.

Phakathi naleso nothando olufanayo epaki "Gafur Gulyam" e Tashkent? Izingane - I-ezihlukahlukene ezikhangayo, kumnandi kanye nomkhathi ngokunganaki; abantu abadala - I-thunzi ivela amachibi amakhulu futhi emthunzini kwezihlahla amahlanu; imibhangqwana sikhangwe nomama abasha - amagumbi nokunokuthula ngokuzinikela zobumfihlo.

Kuyini ezithakazelisayo epaki?

• A-zoo amancane isondo Ferris.
• ezikhangayo Modern izingane kanye nabantu abadala ngamanani akhokhelekayo.
• Summer cafe futhi elikhulu, lapho ehlobo ungakwazi ukugibela izikebhe catamarans.

Council for abavakashi: ukuzilibazisa epaki okuthiwa "Gafur Gulam" kungcono kakhulu ukuvakashela phakathi nesonto lapho bendawo besemsebenzini. Ngempelasonto ngokuvakashela ezikhangayo kumele ume ngaphansi elangeni elishisa bhe emigqeni ezinkulu.

Ikheli Park: Republic Uzbekistan, Tashkent, st. m. "Ulugbek", Chilonzor Avenue Bunyodkor, 21.

Efingqa

Ngaphezu umsebenzi wakhe tetemibhalo, Gulam Gafur ukwenza okuhunyushiwe imisebenzi Uzbek Lermontov sika, Nazim Hikmet, uShakespeare, Pushkin, Dante, Griboyedov futhi Beaumarchais.

Yiqiniso, Gafur Gulam - ubuntu bhá we Uzbek izincwadi, uye sagxila ezingqondweni futhi uphawu phezu komphefumulo wawo wonke umuntu ufundile okungenani eyodwa inkondlo yakhe noma indaba.