Francisco Goya: imidwebo. Francisco Goya: Biography

Francisco Goya (1746-1828) - umdwebi iSpanishi, wangena umlando ezweni labo njengoba umdwebi omkhulu, ophike izisekelo zakudala esibonisa ukwakheka kwabantu e yangempela, ukukhanya kwalo okubuhlungu obala, nawo wonke amaphutha kanye zamehlo.

Francisco Goya: Portrait umdwebi

Dark, ubuso kancane Puffy, Cabangisisa, ohlala uqaphile egcwele ukubhuqa amehlo esindayo, ngubani ngamehlo agcwele menacingly aphume amashiya, inhloko esikhulu - lokhu kuzihlola portrait ku umbukeli ubona umculi. Wayengumuntu ngakho empilweni - umninindlu ibhulashi, indoda ukhathele, wacabanga lukhulu, futhi ngokuyinhloko ukuze siqonde amaqiniso bokuba khona abantu abavamile. Soberly futhi ngokucophelela walunguza ezweni, Goya wabona alawula sisekuciniseni, nobuwula, ubandlululo, inkolelo-ze, okuyinto, ethukuthele kusenzo imisebenzi yakhe. Imidwebo Fransisko Goyya - a ukubhinqa elikhulu emphakathini, kanye amaphutha ayo khona nalapho bebafushane khona.

Phakathi nokuphila ndoda yaseSpain abanamakhono wayengaziwa ngalo ngaphandle ezweni lakubo. Kukho konke zezwe ke kwavulwa phakathi romance XIX leminyaka isiFulentshi, okuyinto unesithakazelo yesayensi ngendalo yakhe. Izilinganiso lokusungula Goya washintsha ngokuphindaphindiwe. Ukuze Ongoti yesimanje akusiyo kuphela umdali izithombe, kumnandi umxhwele yayo, kodwa futhi okuyinhloko esikhulu art sangempela. Imidwebo Fransisko Goyya, noma ukwamukela noma abayamukeli; Kunoma yikuphi isibukeli ngabandayo ngeke.

Umsebenzi ekuseni umdwebi

Ngenxa abanamakhono abasha yaseSpain wahosha omunye, nge boyish, ihlanganisa endalweni zabo izinkondlo emangalisayo okuzelwe isitayela ngabanye - isitayela Fransisko Goyya. Imidwebo yibo adlulisele ngokugcwele ibhulashi magic, ezazi amandla akhe, futhi ejabulela ke. Umkhiqizo "Umbrella" - isibonelo ekuqaleni komsebenzi umdwebi sika - edonsela amehlo ukudlala imibala, brushstroke ngamunye, owesifazane nezimo ngomusa, namanzi futhi ngokugqamile umbala Palette anombala ocwazimulayo, izibani inganekwane futhi amafulowushadi cishe zomculo kokuqanjiwe. Buciko elale ndalo (iziqongo ekuseni Goya) kuyinto crystal ecacile, umkhathi namanje Licwathile, kanye neminyaka yokuqala yaseSpain abanamakhono. Izinganekwane ezikhuluma ngabantu Goya abasha zifane legends elithakazelisayo, unendima eyinhloko okuyinto azibonela yona. Zaragoza umculi osemusha iNkantolo Yamacala Ezihlubuki ezingelwa ngoba impi endaweni usuku olungcwele, abeyenzile. E Madrid, Francisco atholakele opha ummese emhlane, Spain expanses yena bamhlohla kanye bullfighter ehlangeni e-Italy - ezweni lapho umdwebi iminyaka eminingi honing ikhono ukudweba - yakhwela Dome of St Peter kanye onqenqemeni wazungeza ethuneni uCecilia. Metella.

Imidwebo Fransisko Goyya: Ukubheka ukuphila engaphakathi umphakathi

Francisco Goya wadala uchungechunge olugqamile etchings "Caprichos" (1793-1797), ehlanganisa 83 imisebenzi, esiphezulu okuxhunyanwa umoya senkululeko kanye ngokoqobo, ayeluchaze ngamafuphi nangokunembile: "Ukuthula - a azenza, lapho zonke ukukopela, ufuna kubonakale akunjalo ngubani ngempela. Akekho owaziyo ngokwakhe. " Francisco José de Goya, ogama imidwebo ziphakamisa imibuzo mayelana eside isikhathi esidlule - indoda owakwazi ukubona shí ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, ethwele ngokusebenzisa umsebenzi wakhe esintwini, ngowokuqala ukuzwa umsindo elikhulayo Ezikhathini zanamuhla, ubani walwa nazo zonke amanga ngifuna isisekelo okwakhelwe kuso ikusasa elingcono kumele yakhiwe abantu siqu.

Francisco Goya ukuthi ukubukelwa yi kakhulu kahle ozalwa aristocrats Spanish. Waba ilungu Royal Academy of Arts ke yayo amaphini umqondisi kanye nomqondisi kamuva yabo ngaphansi koMnyango imidwebo. Ngo-1786, Francisco Goya waqokwa enkantolo umdwebi.

Francisco Goya: ezidumile

Bright master portraitist, esezuze enkazimulweni olusemthethweni kuleli uhlobo in the 80s kwekhulu XVIII, e 1792, Francisco Goya ubangwa nezibi, okuholela ubuthulu. Kwakuphakathi nalesi sikhathi esinzima ngesikhathi nendawo yokuhlala kuphela ubuciko ke. Umdwebi waqala gwema abantu, kuhoxiswe ngokuphelele ku yena, ngokuqhubeka ukupenda ekumeni.

Imidwebo lokuqala Fransisko Goyya kule uhlobo babe zemikhosi ( "Charles III ekuzingeleni"), ngokuhamba kwesikhathi baye bathola lightness kanye bayabhuqwa eziphathekayo maqondana onobuhle ( "Marquise Anna Pontehos", "Umkhaya Ka uMbusi Osuna"). Umbono entsha ngokoqobo, umculi kanye nendlela yakhe ezibucayi kuso usukela emisebenzini kamuva ye-master. Ngokwesibonelo, "Portrait of Family Royal" (1800) iveza Charles IV enabathandekayo bakhe, ubuso prim futhi abazidlayo ukuthi umdwebi abazange bazame ngibala. Master izalana ngokwethembeka ukubukeka nenyanyekayo, indlala engokomoya futhi akalutho uma eqhathaniswa naye iqembu elibusayo, akacashi distaste lwakhe kwamakhosi Spanish.

Francisco Goya abaphila ngesikhathi iminyaka abesabekayo umsebenzi of Spain amasosha sikaNapoleon, ngasemuva ukucekelwa we zezibhamu labantu abahlaseli. Kuyinto lezi zenzakalo wakhonza njengephayona isisekelo nokudalwa kwemisebenzi ezifana "Lesi sigameko ebusuku kusukela 2 kuya ku-3 Meyi 1808," "Vuka ka-Meyi 2 ngaleso Puerta del Sol."

Goya wasebenza kwaze kwaba usuku lokugcina. Omunye imisebenzi yakhe yokugcina lowomuntu wayemdala ngezinduku, kwaba ngaphansi lapho isignesha: ". Ngisalalele ukufunda" Wabulawa ukukhubazeka ngesikhathi sokuzalwa elisha umphakathi kanye namasiko. Nge kwekhulunyaka wonke umbono omusha zomhlaba, enqaba anamahlazo ubudala futhi ukukhohlisa, Goya ngokuqiniseka okukhulu kwaba bakwazi ukudlulisela emsebenzini wakhe wonke kushuba kuwukuphikisana isikhathi sakhe.