Fly umlotha: incazelo, ukwakheka, GOST izilinganiso isicelo esithile

Phakathi imfucuza omlilo ekhiqizwa, ababiziweyo umlotha umlotha. Eduze amaziko efakwe kumadivayisi ekhethekile, ekubambeni lalezi zinhlobo. Bayisibonelo impahla ukuhlakazwa kokuba nabavoti engaphansi kuka 0.3 mm.

Kuyini impukane umlotha?

Fly umlotha - ukwaziswa okuhle nge ezincane osayizi nezinhlayiya. Kumiswa It is ngesikhathi omlilo of zokubasa okuqinile at okushisa aphakeme (degrees 800). Kukithi 6% izidakamizwa unburnt futhi kuze kube sekupheleni insimbi.

Fly umlotha imiswe phakathi neminyaka amandla omlilo of ukungcola amaminerali okuyinto zitholakala nophethiloli. elikuqukethe ahlukile izinto ezahlukene. Ngokwesibonelo, okuqukethwe ukhuni ezindizayo umlotha 0.5-2% inani, kukaphethiloli Peat 2-30%, futhi lignite namalahle 1 - 45%.

reception

Fly umlotha imiswe phakathi neminyaka amandla omlilo. Properties into yenziwa boilers azisafani wadala egunjini lokucwaninga esibhedlela. Lezi umehluko kuthinte nezici zabo ezingokomzimba namakhemikhali kanye nokusungulwa. Ikakhulu, lapho amandla omlilo kwenzeka esithandweni ukuncibilika izinto amaminerali fuel, okuholela ukubukeka izingxenye unburnt we oluyinhlanganisela. Le nqubo, okuthiwa mechanical carbon unburned, lihlotshaniswa ukwanda izinga lokushisa isithando somlilo degrees 800 nangaphezulu.

amadivaysi ekhethekile, okungaba ezimbili zama lokuqoqa impukane umlotha ziyadingeka: mechanical kagesi kanye. Ngo ukusebenza GZU kwandziswa esiningi amanzi (10-50 m ³ amanzi ngamunye 1 ton of umlotha). Lena ethile ebalulekile. Ukuze uphume esimweni esinjalo, sebenzisa uhlelo reverse: amanzi ngemva wokuhlanza kusukela umlotha izinhlayiya kabusha engena indlela eyinhloko.

Izici Key

• Workability. I umncane izinhlayiya, aba maningi ithonya impukane umlotha. Ukwengezwa umlotha kwandisa homogeneity we ingxube ukhonkolo kanye kwabantu bayo, kuthuthukisa emasakeni futhi kunciphisa ukuxuba amanzi ukusetshenziswa ne workability alinganayo.
• Ukunciphisa ukushisa hydration, okuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu kule sizini hot. Okuqukethwe umlotha ikhambi ngokulingana wehlise ukushisa hydration.
• Ukunciphisa capillary. Nge kwalokho ngo-10% impukane umlotha ukuze ukwanda usimende amanzi ukumuncwa capillary kuyinto 10-20%. Lokhu, kunciphisa frost. Ukuze unqobe lo ethile, kubalulekile ukuba kancane ukwandisa emoyeni Entrainment ngenxa izithasiselo ekhethekile.
• Ukumelana namanzi nolaka. Ukuqinisa okuyinto 20% siqukethe umlotha, kukhona livikela kakhulu ukucwiliswa emanzini nolaka.

Izinzuzo nezingozi nebubi kokusebenzisa impukane umlotha

Ngaphezu ingxube ngesimo impukane umlotha kufaka eziningi eziwusizo:

• ukusetshenziswa Unciphise clinker.
• Okuthuthukisiwe ukugaywa.
• amandla Eliphakeme.
• workability okuthuthukisiwe, okuyinto kusiza bula.
• ukuncipha encishisiwe.
• Inciphisa ukushisa ngesikhathi hydration.
• Ukwandiswa isikhathi ngaphambi ukubukeka imifantu.
• Okuthuthukisiwe ukumelana namanzi (njengoba okumsulwa noma ezinodlame).
• Inciphisa isixazululo isisindo.
• umlilo Ukwandiswa ukumelana.

Kanye izinzuzo, kukhona ezinye yokuntula:

• Ukwengezwa umlotha nge wokuqukethwe lelisetulu carbon unburned kushintsha umbala nosimende usimende.
• Yehlisa ukumelana kokuqala ngaphansi kwamazinga okushisa aphansi.
• Yehlisa frost.
• Isibalo izingxenye ingxube zingalawulwa.

Izinhlobo impukane umlotha

Kunezinhlobo eziningana, okungase kube izingxenye impukane umlotha.

Ngokusho uhlobo fuel ukuthi ishiswa, umlotha kungaba:

• Anthracite.
• Yamalahle.
• Lignite.

Ngo ukwakheka umlotha yilezi:

• Acid (nge okuqukethwe kwe-calcium oxide ne-10%).
• Basic (okuqukethwe calcium oxide ephakeme kuka-10%).

Kuye izinga nezinhlelo zokusebenza eminye 4 izinhlobo umlotha - kusukela mina ukuba IV. Futhi uhlobo lokugcina impukane umlotha esetshenziselwa izakhiwo zikakhonkolo, ezisetshenziswa ezindaweni nokhahlo.

fly umlotha ukucutshungulwa

Ngezinhloso umkhakha ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa eluhlaza impukane umlotha (ngaphandle ukugaya, ukuhlolwa, njll).

Phakathi omlilo umlotha kwakhiwa. Khanyisa nezinhlayiyana ezincane ngenxa ukunyakaza amagesi flue abazenzi kude combustor futhi zigcinwe ku ekhethekile izihlungi zolosborniki. Lezi zinhlayiya kukhona fly umlotha. Leyongxenye esele ubizwa Ukukhetha umlotha eyomile.

Ubudlelwano phakathi ngamaqembu incike uhlobo fuel, kanye nesakhiwo nezimpawu zokuhlela kakhulu esithandweni somlilo:

• nge ukususwa esiqinile slag kuyinto 10-20% umlotha;
• nge liquid slag ukususwa - 20-40%;
• kwasuka isikhwishikhwishi esinamandla-uhlobo amaziko - ku-90%.

Phakathi ukucutshungulwa emoyeni Ungangenela izinhlayiya slag yentshede nomlotha.

Fly umlotha lokuhlolwa ezomile njalo ihlelwa amafraktjhini bedle Amasimu kagesi zidalwe e izihlungi. Ngakho-ke, kuba ezifanele kakhulu ukusetshenziswa.

Ukuze banciphise ukulahlekelwa impahla ngesikhathi calcination (5%) fly umlotha saziso homogenized futhi afakwe ngokuvumelana izingxenyana zaso. Udaka eyakheka lapho evutha ongaphakeme reactivity amalahle iqukethe-25% we ingxube ezivuthayo. Ngakho-ke, it is eminye enothisa futhi wabasebenzisa njengezinceku amandla nophethiloli.

Lapho ukusetshenziswa impukane umlotha?

Ash is kabanzi sphere ezihlukahlukene zokuphila. Lokhu kungaba ukwakhiwa, ezolimo, umkhakha, ukuthuthwa kwendle

Esikhathini ukukhiqizwa kwezinhlobo ezithile ukuphatse usebentisa impukane umlotha. Isicelo incike uhlobo yayo. umlotha luyimbudumbudu isetshenziswa ukwakhiwa komgwaqo izizathu yokupaka, MSW isitoreji ezindaweni, bike izindlela, embankments.

Fly umlotha ukudoba ezomile isetshenziswa ukuqinisa umhlabathi nemiyo ezimele astringent futhi ngokushesha lukhuni. Ingase futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuze kwakhiwe dikes, amadamu kanye nezinye imisele yamanzi.

Ukuze kukhiqizwe wokubacindezela ukhonkolo umlotha is asetshenziswa esikhundleni usimende (ku-25%). Njengoba yamathebhu (ezincane nezinkulu) zihlanganisa umlotha enqubeni ukukhiqizwa futhi ilahle amabhulokhi ezisetshenziselwa ukwakha izindonga.

Kabanzi lisetshenziswe ukukhiqizwa Foam. Ukwengezwa umlotha e-mix ukhonkolo kwandisa ukuzinza yayo aggregative.

Ash isetshenziswa njengo manyolo umanyolo kwezolimo. Ziqukethe potassium ngesimo umanyolo, okuyinto kalula oncibilikayo emanzini futhi atholakale izitshalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abacebile umlotha kanye nezinye izakhi: i-phosphorus, i-magnesium, i-sulphur, i-calcium, manganese, boron, micro-elementi Macro. Ukuba khona-calcium carbonate lisita umlotha ukunciphisa inhlabathi asidi. Udaka zingenziwa namasiko ehlukene engadini emva zilima, efaka umquba ke pristvolovye izihlahla alandelayo nezihlahla, kanye uthele izimfunda kanye namadlelo. Asincomi ukusetshenziswa umlotha kanye nabanye manyolo organic noma amaminerali (ikakhulukazi phosphorus).

Ash esetshenziselwa sanitization ngokungabi bikho amanzi. It kwandisa asidi ngokubulala nezilwanyana ezincane. Isetshenziselwa ku itholethe, indlini encane, kanye ezindaweni kwendle kodaka.

Kusukela zonke lezi zindlela osekukhulunywe kumele kuphetfwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa ebanzi izinto ezifana impukane umlotha. Intengo ke kuhluka ruble 500. elithi ton (u nge wholesale elikhulu) ruble 850 ngalinye. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi uma usebenzisa i-self-ukulethwa kusukela ezifundeni ezikude izindleko ingahluka kakhulu.

GOST

Sikhanyisiwe futhi iqaliswe amadokhumenti ukulawula nokukhiqizwa nokuqhutshwa impukane umlotha:

• GOST 25818-91 "fly umlotha ezishisayo izitshalo amandla ngenxa ukhonkolo. '
• GOST 25592-91 "Izingxube of slag ezishisayo amandla plant ukhonkolo. '

Ukuze ukwazi ukulawula izinga umlotha kukhiqizwa futhi Izingxube yawo nokusetshenziswa isicelo yayo nezinye amazinga eyengeziwe. Kulokhu, izibonelo zalokho futhi zonke izinhlobo izilinganiso nazo kwenziwe ngokuhambisana nezidingo izivakashi.