Emigqeni yefa mthetho Russian Federation

Kuyaziwa ukuthi ifa kungenzeka ngentando noma ngokomthetho. Kulo mBhalo, impahla lihlukaniswe phakathi abazolandela ngokulandelana kuqala. Iyini oda ngokulandelana lezinceku ku Russian Federation, kuzoxoxwa kule ncwadi.

Lapho ifa umthetho

umthetho Civil uveza nokuthi ifa umthetho kungenziwa kuphela zenzeke uma omunye kulezi zimo ezilandelayo:

• Ayikho intando noma iqukethe hhayi nje isiphetho izindlu we testator.
• Imithethonqubo eyasungulwa umthetho intando limenyezelwe ayivumelekile.
• abazolandela elicacisiwe intando yakhe wenqaba ukuyamukela ifa, ulahlekile, wafa, zibancishe ilungelo ifa.
• Uma kukhona wezindlalifa ilungelo isabelo ayimpoqo.
• Uma ifa ongaceli.

ulwazi olujwayelekile

Ngokusho umthetho, ifa lempahla kungenzeka izakhamuzi abase bekhona ngesikhathi sokushona testator, futhi izingane zakhe, owawazalelwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe. owalandela Zekholi ifa kwenziwe ngokuhambisana oda. Lokhu kuqala kusekelwe degree of nokuzwelana testator nezinye izihlobo. Isimiso esiyisisekelo somthetho ifa ukuthi izihlobo abaseduze ayifakiwe abathola ifa zonke ezinye izihlobo. Kukhona okwamanje 8 komthetho we-civil olunikezwa umthetho ngokulandelana Ukuvutha. Ububanzi wezindlalifa kungenzeka manje (ngokungafani kuya esidlulileko) manje isifakiwe: nosingamama, zokutholwa, usingababa nendodakazi yakhe yokutholwa babezokwazi, abantu ayesesifundeni pay woshonile, izihlobo kuze kube besigaba sesibili ka nokuzwelana, kanye nesimo.

umthetho Civil yomuntu, lokho kungaba abazolandela siyachazwa. Uhlu elicacisiwe the Civil Code, ibhekwa ephelele lungekho. Ukuze inqubo elinesimo definition esiqinile yefa, okungukuthi, ngabunye ngokulandelana has ithuba lokuba uyindlalifa kuphela uma kungekho mthetho langaphambilini ku ifa umugqa. Igama elithi "cha" lapha alibhekiseli kuphela ekuhlanganyeleni ukungabi olubonakalayo izindlalifa abantu, kodwa futhi ezimweni lapho ilungelo wamenza wenqaba impahla umufi, akazange azamukele ke ngesikhathi noma yahlulelwe bengafaneleki.

Ubunikazi phakathi abazolandela emgqeni efanayo ekwamukelweni ifa lihlukaniswe ezingxenyeni alinganayo. Ikakhulukazi, uma efulethini sehlukaniswe umuntu oshonile, nonina unkosikazi abangamaHimba, emgqeni esifanayo, ziyothola ifa njengoba ½ ukwabelana ngamunye. Lokho, umuntu akakwazi ukuhamba, isibonelo, 1/3 ye-yabelana, nabanye - 2/3 isabelo isikhala ephilayo.

I wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke. izingane

Okokuqala abazolandela kamufi zihlanganisa umkakhe, izingane nabazali. Izingane kungenziwa yokutholwa futhi abazalwa ngemva kokufa kwakhe, kodwa emva kwezinsuku kungakapheli ezingamakhulu amathathu umcimbi. Ngaphansi abazali nabazali abakuthola nazo okuhlongozwe. I Civil Code ekunqumeni zindlalifa libhekisela kwezinkambiso umthetho umndeni, okuyinto edingekayo, futhi ukunquma ukuthi ubani uyisihlobo kanjani nalokho oda ifa ngumthetho.

Izingane testator lingabizwa uthathe umcebo wakhe ngemva kokufa kuphela icala uma ukubukeka kwabo waqinisekiswa emizimbeni ogunyazwe ngokomthetho, okungukuthi ngokuhambisana Ikhodi Family. Izingane azalelwa abazali abangase emshadweni, yebo, ngeke balizuze ifa kusuka bobabili abazali. Futhi nangu olufanayo nalolo labashadile uzokwazi ifa kunina futhi kuphela kwezinye izimo, ngenxa kayise. Uma ubuyise ngokomthetho efakwe (ngisho noma abazali abekho umshado bhalisiwe), khona-ke izingane kuyoba abazolandela yomthetho lokuqala ifa umugqa.

Ezimweni lapho umuntu ungashadile kowesifazane, kodwa zonke izenzo zabo nezenzo wavuma ukuthi ubani uyise wengane yakhe, ingane ngemuva kokufa kukayise siqu angaya enkantolo. Izinkantolo kungenziwa esisungulwe ubuyise. Ngesisekelo umyalelo wenkantolo ingane enjalo bangaba indlalifa esigabeni sokuqala.

Uma izingane bazalelwa komshado, nokuwukuphela kamuva behlukana uyise namanje kubhekwa indoda wangaphambili onina. Kunezikhathi lapho umshado izinkontileka phakathi kwabantu ayivumelekile. Uma emishadweni ezinjalo ezingenamakhaya abazalwanga kuba isinqumo senkantolo ukuba kuqede umshado akuphazamisi izingane. Lapha isimo Ungashintsha kuphela isenzo zokwahlulela, owawuthi sekuvela ukuthi le owawushade naye, isibonelo, akusiyo uyise, noma ubaba omunye umuntu. Ngamanye amazwi, lapho labantwana ngemva womshado noma obeshade unina, lezi zingane kuzoxoxwa njengoba owalandela umthetho wokuqala umthetho ifa emgqeni. It akuxhomekile izesekeli langempela futhi ubuyise bazothini ngakho nje inqubo esungulwe okuye kwabonakala kwenye indawo.

Kufanele siqonde ukuthi hhayi kuphela azalelwa abantwana testator kungenzeka owamlandela. Ngakho izingane ekhulelwa kungaba futhi enjalo, uma bezalwa kungakapheli izinsuku ezingamakhulu amathathu ngemva kokushona kukayise. Liphinde esekelwe nemithetho Ikhodi Family, owawuthi abantwana abazalwa ngaphambi kokuphela kwezinsuku 300 kulandela isahlukaniso, invalidation ngomshado noma ukufa ngomfazi unina lezi zingane, abantwana bakwa unina wenkosikazi kubhekwe.

Nokuswela ilungelo lobuzali akusho aphula amalungelo engane, okwathi ngemva kokufa kwabazali bengafaneleki kuyoba owalandela umthetho wokuqala ifa umugqa. Ayikho enye izimo ezifana kuhlalisana noma into efana naleyo ayidingekile uma ubuhlobo sabazali ngokomthetho baqinisekisa.

Izingane eziye zamukela, ngokufanelekile, izothunyelwa the abazolandela abazali lwabo olusha, ngesikhathi esifanayo futhi bengaphenduki ngeke bazithole amafa ngemva kokufa nonina begazi futhi uyise.

I wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke. owakwakhe

Umlingani we oshonile azofakwa esigabeni 1st yefa ngumthetho, uma ngesikhathi sokufa kwakhe kwaba nobukhazi ababhalisile ne testator. Kumele baqonde ukuthi umshado kufanele zibhaliswe umzimba ogunyaziwe. Leyo mishado ukuthi zenziwa ngendlela ayaziwa ayibonwa ngumbuso, isibonelo, ezinye emikhosini yenkolo, kanye de empeleni waba somshado ubuhlobo, abesilisa nabesifazane, emphakathini ngokuthi "mshado wasehhovisi" ayoshaywa indiva evumelekile. Ngakho-ke, i-"Umbhangqwana oshadile wona" ezinjalo ngeke balizuze ifa ngemva kokufa noma yisiphi sazo.

Phezu ukuqedwa emshadweni phakathi kwabantu owawushade naye ilahlekelwa ilungelo ifa uma isikhathi eside kunabo umyeni wakhe wangaphambili (unkosikazi). Esimweni esinjalo, kunento eyodwa ezithakazelisayo. Lesi isikhathi isehlukaniso. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ngokwahlukana lungenziwa ngokusebenzisa Office Registry noma iziphathimandla zokwahlulela. Uma isehlukaniso okwenzeka enkantolo, ukuqedwa enjalo ubhekwa ephelele ngesikhathi engena amandla idokhumenti zokwahlulela abafanele. Ngakho-ke, uma indoda noma umfazi wafa esikhathini esiphakathi lapho umahluleli isehlukaniso yamemezela, kodwa wathola amandla labo elisemthethweni, ezifana uyasinda womshado kuyothathwa sisasebenza, kodwa hhayi wangaphambili, ngokulandelana, yena nakanjani ungumnikazi wamalungelo ifa. Okokuqala, ngokuvumelana nomthetho yefa laliyoba ngelenzalo le nkosikazi.

Kuyadingeka ukuhlukanisa phakathi isehlukaniso futhi nesimemezelo womshado oshonile enkantolo. Esimweni esinjalo, ngisho noma ngabe uyasinda womshado ethanda ukuza emva kokufa testator kwenye umshado, ukuba alotshwe ngendlela efanele, le ntengo isazoba babizelwe lifa.

I wokuqala nomkhulu kunabo bonke. abazali

Kanye izingane kanye bomshado abokuqala ayehlanganisa kokubili abazali nezihlobo igazi oqondile inyuka umugqa. Kuyinto sabo sokunene asithinti noma ubudala noma ikhono ukusebenza kwabo. Kanye izingane, abazali basebenzise amalungelo abo ngesisekelo isethi ngokulandelana efanele lokuzalwa (imvelaphi) izingane zabo. Uma ifa kusukela izingane zivela imithetho efanayo ifa kubazali bakhe. Abazali abakuthola, futhi, ayalingana, ngokulandelana, futhi umbuzo ngokulandelana unamalungelo ezifanayo, okwakuyoholela babe ngabazali bayo begazi.

Labo kubazali abaye zibuye zesabe ukusebenza nezibopho zabo bekhulisa kanye nokugcinwa izingane, labo enkantolo zaphucwa amalungelo komama kanye zoyise, impahla akusho ifa ngemva kokufa izingane zabo, wamahlulela izindlalifa bengafaneleki. Nor tando izindlalifa abazali abakuthola, uma ukwamukelwa enjalo sahoxiswa. Uma abazali kungukuthi bancishwa amalungelo abo ingane, kodwa kunalokho kuphela kungagcini, abakwazi abhekwe abazolandela bengafaneleki, ngenxa nje yokuthi leli qiniso.

abazukulu

Isigaba sokuqala ifa umthetho, umthetho othile civil, futhi kusho ukuthi ungafaka nabazukulu we testator. Ngaphansi abazukulu kwakusho inzalo oshonile besigaba sesibili, kukhona ku umugqa oqondile olusuka kuye. Kungenzeka izingane indodana noma indodakazi, khona futhi wazitholela izingane testator.

Kukholakala ukuthi abazukulu ivezwa abazolandela esiteji 1st ngelungelo ukumelwa. Okusho ukuthi banelungelo impahla, uma ngesikhathi lapho ifa wavulwa, akekho abahlala abazali bazo, yayizoba indlalifa emugqeni wokuqala ngokomthetho yefa. Abazukulu kungase kungabi izindlalifa kuphela ilungelo ukumelwa. Civil Code ngokucacile kuhlinzekwe, kodwa kucatshangwa ukuthi, ngaphezu kwabo ngelungelo ukumelwa kungenzeka izindlalifa kanye nezingane zabo, futhi bebonke yonke inzalo igazi ukwehla emgceni locondzile. Ekwabiweni izingxenye ifa umufi e izindlalifa enjalo ngelungelo ukumelwa ekweletwa isabelo esinjalo, okwakuyoholela sengisilethe abazali babo oshonile. Lo juphe they zihlukaniswe izingxenye alinganayo.

Ngokwesibonelo: uma umuntu oshonile wazala indodana owafa ngesikhathi kuvulwa ifa, abantwana bakwa indodana efile (abazukulu le testator sika) uzobe abahilelekile of ngokulandelana. Konke ifa izohlukaniswa ngokulingana phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lezi abazukulu bayakhishwa efeni izindlalifa eziqondile zazo zonke izigaba okwalandela. Uma ngesikhathi testator sase sinezinye izingane ezimbili, isibonelo, indodana nendodakazi, futhi ngesikhathi evula indodana ifa wafa, impahla izohlukaniswa, kulandele lokhu: uhhafu - indodakazi, enye ingxenye kwasakazwa ngokulinganayo phakathi abazukulu we testator.

Eyesibili isigaba. Abafowabo nodadewabo

8 yomthetho ngokulandelana liqhumise abafowethu nodadewethu bakamufi uyohlala endaweni yesibili. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, ngokuhambisana nomgomo wokusebenzisa igunya, bakwazi babe izindlalifa ngokungabi bikho bonke abantu abangase kube abazolandela we esigabeni sokuqala. Bona abhekwa abazolandela ku sideline besigaba sesibili ka nokuzwelana. Akubalulekile ukuba wayenabo abafowabo nodadewabo abazali oshonile langempela, futhi sekwanele manje. Ie abazolandela ka esigabeni sesibili zibekwa njengoba igazi eliphelele ukuze nodadewabo, bazalwane. Futhi, akunandaba ukuthi yini abe umzali ezivamile - unina noma uyise. Phakathi nokwabiwa kwefa lezinceku umzalwane noma udade oshonile hhayi abafowethu nodadewethu umnyuziki unamalungelo efanayo yesikhathi igazi.

Bafowethu kanye nodade abangenayo abazali ezivamile woshonile, okubizwa ngokuthi ehlanganisiwe, akuvunyelwe ukuba ifa ngaphansi komthetho. Emigqeni izindlalifa enjalo obungadingekile nezihlobo ezingebona igazi ngokwako Ayibalwa.

Isihlobo ukuba izingane okutholwa abazali testator oshonile ungasho ukuthi unamalungelo efanayo izingane begazi. Lokho ingane yokutholwa okulingana ubunikazi izihlobo igazi akuyona kuphela ngomzali wokutholwa, kodwa nezezinye izihlobo Umamukeli. Ngenxa yalokho, izingane okutholwa umzali oshonile unamalungelo ezifanayo ezinganeni zabo futhi izothunyelwa izindlalifa esigabeni sesibili ngaphandle kwemingcele kubo.

Ezimweni lapho, isibonelo, abazalwane ababili abahlukene nomunye by ukwamukelwa ezihlukahlukene umndeni, nobuhlobo babo, njengoba anqamuka, ngakho ngeke laba bazalwane Angaba yindlalifa enye ngemva kwenye.

Eyesibili isigaba. Ogogo nomkhulu

Isigaba sesibili yefa ngumthetho, ngaphezu bazalwane, izindlalifa kanye esabela ugogo nge umkhulu. Nokho, ukuze ube abazolandela zidinga nokuzwelana oshonile. Umama nobaba umama oshonile kungenzeka izindlalifa esiteji 2nd ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kodwa uyise nonina waso uyise oshonile kuphela uma umsuka ingane futhi ubuyise ngokusemthethweni kuchazwe ngendlela ebekiwe. umama ukuthi abazali abakuthola noma uyise oshonile nawo azoba yingxenye ngokulandelana e esigabeni sesibili.

ukusatshalaliswa izimpahla phakathi omkhulu futhi ogogo, abafowethu nodadewethu senzeka ngezabelo alinganayo.

Ngu kwesokudla ukumelwa abazolandela we testator can kuphela izingane labafowethu nodade, okungukuthi, abashana nabashana we testator oshonile.

Isigaba sesithathu

I-oda ezimisiwe igunya ngokomthetho ka ngokulandelana uyaqhubeka esigabeni sesithathu, eyayihlanganisa batali futsi anaso nesitukulwane woshonile, okungukuthi, uyisekazi noninalume ohlangothini we-uplink. Nokuzwelana ezimweni ezinjalo kuchazwa efanayo abazalwane nokuzwelana testator kanye nodade, abazali bakhe, futhi izingane.

Ngu kwesokudla ukumelwa ukuze ingxenye yesithathu yazo zonke izingane afakiwe obabekazi nomalume we testator, okungukuthi, abazala bakhe nodadewabo. Distribution lamasheya lwenzeka isimiso esifanayo njengoba ukuthi wefa ngelungelo ukumelwa kwesinye emigqeni.

Abazalwane nodade we testator (nabazala yesibili futhi aqhelelane kakhulu) ukuze ifa sizihlobo akuvunyelwe.

Ezinye izindaba zika-line

Zonke ezinye izihlobo testator, okuyinto ezingabhalwanga kulezi ezingenhla, kukhona izindlalifa lezi emigqeni. Zakhiwa ikakhulu nokwehla amagatsha ohlangothini bomdabu. Futhi ngenkathi sivumele isishaya-mthetho esanda wandisa Inani lezindlalifa ezingaba, nakuba uhlu yabo akuyona engapheli, futhi iphela ngo-degree wesihlanu nokuzwelana. kwezithibelo okunjalo kugcwale umlomo esivuna embusweni, njengohlanga ngokungabi bikho izihlobo ku testator, abangakwazi ifa lempahla okuyothiwa engaphiwanga futhi idluliselwe kuHulumeni. Ukugwenywa umthetho ifa onikezwe ezifana nezihlobo ezikude njengoba nabazala yesibili, abashana, abazukulu, nokunye. N.

Imithetho emkhakheni ubudlelwane civil wathola ukuthi lokuphuma phambili okumisiwe ubuhlobo kufanele sizimisele esekelwe inani ukubeletha, abahlukene omunye nomunye umkhaya.

Ngokwesibonelo, umugqa wesine basonta izihlobo testator, ubudlelwane kwalo kunqunywa ngezinga lwesithathu. Kuyinto ogogo nomkhulu esikhulu oshonile. In esigabeni yesihlanu, ngokulandelana, kukhona izihlobo degree sesine lapho lesishaya wabasingatha abantwana nabathandwayo abashana kanye abashana, zazo zikhona njengoba okwamanje kungenziwa ngokuthi abazala, abazukulu. Endaweni yesihlanu namanje kuhlanganisiwe nabazala kanye nogogo nomkhulu, okungukuthi, abafowabo nodadewabo, ugogo nomkhulu we testator.

indawo Sixth - izingane nabazala abazukulu, abazukulu, nabafowabo, nawodadewabo, ogogo nomkhulu. Zingase ngokuthi abazala, abazukulu, umzukulu, abashana, omalume, obabekazi.

Stepsons, nendodakazi, usingamama nobaba yakhiwa yesikhombisa ngokomthetho yefa umugqa. 8 Code Civil nokubalulekile, okungukuthi zokugcina, kunikeza abondliwa - nabantu abangasithandi kufakwe omunye ulayini ngokulandelana. Nokho, kungenzeka abantu abanjalo ecelwa ukuba ifa njalo alinganayo nabanye emigqeni.

Ngakho, naphezu yinkimbinkimbi okusobala ukulandelana zofuzo kohlelo, uma ubheka ngokucophelela lolu daba, singaphetha ngokuthi ke ulula. Yiqiniso, wonke umehluko wemisindo nemiqondo yamagama kanye ubuqili inqubo Ukushaya ukulandelana okufanele baqonde ummeli olungisa izivumelwano, ozoqhuba into sitholwa njengefa. Ukuthi kumele bashayele isabelo sokwaba yonke impahla ngaphansi komthetho ngokulandelana emgqeni. Belarus (Belarus), kanye Russian Federation nakwamanye amazwe CIS, kulo magazini show yibobonke, ngakho imithetho elawula umthetho ifa, emazweni yangaphambili ekamu Soviet kuyafana.