Elbrus - Omkhulu eCaucasus entabeni

Elbrus - entabeni, okuyinto eqinisweni ukwazi khuluma izwi, kokubili abaqwali efuna ukunqoba isiqongo olandelayo, kanti abavakashi ezivamile ngubani ngonyaka ukuza kwengaphansi yonyawo lwalo, ukuzizwa amandla amandla ami angamandla amatshe ezimatasa. Futhi-ke, akekho Ngadumala.

Lesi sihloko uzokutshela ayigcinanga ngokuchaza ukuthi kanjani, ukuthi yini ezintabeni Elbrus, kodwa futhi wethula abafundi izici zayo, imfihlo amagama, izinganekwane kanye izinganekwane.

Isigaba 1. incazelo Jikelele into ezindawo

Elbrus - entabeni, ubizwa kufanele kubhekwe iphuzu esiphezulu WaseRussia, etholakala engxenyeni esenyakatho Omkhulu eCaucasus Ukhahlamba, emngceleni Karachay-Cherkessia futhi Kabardino-Balkaria.

Ngenxa yokuthi phakathi eYurophu nase-Asia, ayikatholakali kuze esungulwe umngcele ngqo, ngezinye izikhathi ekukhuphukeni kufanisa aphakeme European entabeni phezulu futhi phakathi "Izingqungquthela eziyisikhombisa". Kungase kuthathe isikhathi esithile futhi geography, ekugcineni avunyelwe impikiswano, kodwa liyaziwa ethile eyaziwa ngokuthi Elbrus - entabeni, okuyinto okuthiwa stratovolcano ancipitate. iziqongo wayo Isigaxa emise kwamiswa ngesisekelo-mlilo yasendulo, futhi kusukela iphuzu Geological umbono, kokubili iphakama ngokuphelele izintaba-mlilo ezimele, ngamunye ephethe umumo zakudala futhi wentaba uphinyiswa ngokucacile.

Elbrus eCaucasus ezintabeni ... ... Lezi zindawo empeleni idume nomlando wayo lasendulo. Bambalwa abantu bazi ukuthi iminyaka kunqunywa njengoba ka engxenyeni engenhla zazo, isibonelo, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke eRussia Wabhubhisa iphutha mpo. Yasungulwa futhi usuku ukuqhuma zokugcina: kwaba cishe iminyaka engama-50 BC. e.

Isigaba 2: Imfihlakalo amagama isiqongo

Mhlawumbe umbuzo lapho Mount Elbrus, ake umcabango kancane, kodwa impendulo umfundi plain no Ngokwesilinganiso, kodwa lokho mayelana etymology we gama ukuze ambalwa ezaziwayo.

Ngokuvamile, kufanele kuphawulwe ukuthi vertex unamagama amaningana. Sekukonke kukhona angaphezu kweshumi nambili.

Namuhla kunzima ngempela ukunquma elafika amagama wokuqala, abanye kamuva. Igama lanamuhla elithi sentaba, ngokusho version, livela "Aytibares" Iranian, okuyinto zihunyushelwe izindlela Russian "entabeni ephakeme" noma "brilliant" (inguqulo ye ulimi Zend). Karachai-Balkarian isiqongo ngokuthi "Ming-tau," okuyinto uhumusha Russian ngokuthi "intaba ezinkulungwane." Nokho, kukhona Balkars, ngubani ukuyibiza ngokuhlukile kancane - "Ming-Tau", okusho ukuthi "entabeni wabophela." abameleli Modern yalesi sizwe basathi "Elbrus-tau" - "entabeni emhlabeni lapho Whirls umoya."

Phakathi kwamagama amaningi stratovolcano futhi ukuhlukanisa igama "Dzhinpadishah", okuyinto elihunyushwe esuka Turkic kuzwakala "iNkosi Imimoya", "Orfi-tube" (Abkhaz) - "Intaba wabusisa" noma "Yal-obuningi" (Georgian) - "iqhwa umhlwenga ".

Isigaba 3: Uyini ukuphakama Mount Elbrus?

Mhlawumbe lo mbuzo okungenani kanye empilweni yakho nesithakazelo kule ukwazi abaningi. Kodwa impendulo akulula kuyo njengoba kungase kubonakale efika kuqala. Kungani? Zonke daba izici yokulandelana kwayo ngokohlu.

Njengoba mina kuphawulwe ngenhla, Elbrus - entabeni, ehlanganisa iziqongo ezimbili Isigaxa emise. Ukuphakama entshonalanga - 5642 amamitha, nasempumalanga - 5621 m. Kwehlukanisa kubo ebusweni the sehhashi antante 5300 amamitha kanye nebanga elivela nomunye imayelana 3000 metres.

Ngokokuqala ngqá kunqunywa ubukhulu Elbrus Russian Academician K. Wisniewski ngo-1813.

Khumbula ukuthi kuze kube yimanje, intaba ephakeme kunazo zonke emhlabeni kubhekwa Mount Everest (Qomolangma), obude - 8848 amamitha, uma iqhathaniswa nayo lapho entabeni yethu isiqongo ubukeka amancane.

Isigaba 4. Kobukhulu isimo sezulu sendawo

Mount Elbrus ... Khuphukela esiqongweni ngokuvamile kuye baphupha kokubili abaqwali abanolwazi kanye Wabasaqalayo. Nokho, kungenzeka kungaqali, nganoma isiphi isikhathi. Inani elihle kunawo kuyinto ehlobo, July no-August.

Ngalesi sikhathi isimo sezulu sizinze kakhulu futhi ephephile ukuvakashela phezulu. lokushisa ehlobo thukela uwela ngaphansana -9 ° C, nakuba nokuwa lingafika ku -30 ° C.

Kusukela ngo-October kuya ku-April, kulezi zindawo kuwufanele ebusika nokhahlo futhi abandayo. Ngo kubanda, evakashele isiqongo cishe kungenakwenzeka, futhi ummango beya ke abomkhaya wakho kufana nokuthi ukuzibulala.

Isigaba 5. mlilo

Elbrus Kuyamangaza futhi eyingqayizivele. Incazelo Intaba kuthatha isikhathi esiningi, ngoba ngaso sonke isikhathi uma kutholakala izici eziningi futhi mnandi.

Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ukubhekana kuphela usithe kakhulu. izifundo Geological intaba-mlilo yokuqothulwa yabonisa khona izingqimba equkethe umlotha wentaba-mlilo, eyasungulwa ngo-iqhuma lasendulo. On the ungqimba wokuqala, ososayensi baye bafakazela ukuthi Elbrus kuqhuma lokuqala kakhulu zenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu 45,000 edlule. Isendlalelo yesibili kwamiswa emva kuqhuma Kazbek. Senzeka eminyakeni eyizinkulungwane 40 edlule.

Manje-ke ukuthi kwakungemva kokuphika uJesu okwesibili, namandla kakhulu, ngisho ngezindinganiso yesimanje, lapho kuqhuma le AmaNeanderthal, azinza nasemihumeni zendawo, ulishiyile izwe waya ziyofuna izindawo ezingconywana ukuphila ezaziwayo.

Lokhu kuqhuma yakamuva ye Elbrus intabamlilo zenzeka cishe eminyakeni engu-2000 edlule (iminyaka engu-50 BC. E.).

Isigaba 6. Legends kweNtaba Elbrus

Ngokuvamile, iziNtaba zaseCaucasus, Elbrus ngokukhethekile, zimbozwe eziningi ezinganekwaneni emangalisayo kakhulu futhi engaqondakali nezinganekwane.

Enye yalezi izindaba ekutshela ukuthi endulo waphila ubaba nendodana - Kazbek futhi Elbrus. Bobabili wathandana nentombazane enhle okuthiwa Mashuk. Kuphela intombazane ayengakwazi benza isinqumo, phakathi heroes ezimbili ekhazimulayo. Kwaphela isikhathi eside, ubaba nendodana ligcwaliswe engasafuni ukuba sivumele ukunqotshwa nomunye futhi waqala phakathi kwabo mpi ebulalayo. Baphenduka balwa kuze kuze Elbrus hhayi beat uyise. Kodwa, ngoba siqaphela nesenzo sakhe esibi, indodana waphenduka ezimpunga. Yena wayengasafuni uthando, ekhiqizwa intengo kothandekayo ukuphila eyodwa futhi aphambuka Elbrus enhle Mashuk, kamuva wagwaza yedwa angababulali efanayo yabulala uyise.

Beautiful Mashuk wakhala eside futhi kamunyu ngenxa Knights futhi wathi kulo lonke izwe zazingekho namaqhawe enjalo, futhi kunzima ukuphila kuleli zwe ngaphandle kokubona nabo.

UNkulunkulu wezwa nokugquma yakhe, yaphenduka Kazbek futhi Elbrus e ezintabeni eziphakemeyo, amahle ngenhla okuyinto eCaucasus alusekho. Nobuhle Mashuk waphenduka ngomqanso incane. Futhi manje, kusukela ekhulwini ekhulwini, usuku nosuku, kukhona intombazane itshe futhi ubukeka we Izingqungquthela anamandla hhayi ukunquma ukuthi ubani phakathi namaqhawe amabili elokhu yigugu kakhulu inhliziyo yakhe zamatshe ...

Isigaba 7. Umlando ukunqoba okukhulu

Ngo-1829, oholwa inhloko uhambo yesayensi Georgiem Emmanuelem senziwa emqansweni lokuqala Mount Elbrus. Amalungu bomkhankaso baba ikakhulukazi izifundiswa: .. Physics, zezitshalo, Izazi, izazi zokuma komhlaba, njll Bamnqoba ingxenye esempumalanga yalesi Elbrus futhi wenza umlando njengoba esathola omunye iziqongo elikhulu noMhlaba wethu.

Okokuqala akhwela Elbrus Kilar Khachirov - umqhubi. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ke wathotshiswa kanye Isiqongo esiphakeme le nqwaba - Western. Lolu hambo, ihlelwe abaqwali British eliholwa Florence kwaba Grove, wenza uhambo engxenyeni esentshonalanga Mount Elbrus e 1874. Umuntu wokuqala ukugibela phezu kwalo, futhi, kwaba umqhubi, ke Balkar, Ahiya Sottayev - ilungu bomkhankaso kuqala.

Kamuva, kwakukhona umuntu wakwazi ukunqoba kokubili phezulu Elbrus. Kwakuwusuku Russian topographer A. V Pastuhov. Kanti yena 1890 angavuka esicongweni entshonalanga, futhi ngo-1896 - ngasempumalanga. Indoda efanayo wenze amabalazwe kweNtaba Elbrus.

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi sisekhona stratovolcano ithandwa kakhulu abaqwali entabeni ezivela emhlabeni wonke. Ukugibela phezu kwakhe, abaqwali bachitha isilinganiso mayelana phakathi neviki elilodwa.

Kodwa kulezi zinsuku, ungathatha imoto ikhebula, okuyinto kusiza kakhulu indlela futhi konga isikhathi.

Njengoba lisendaweni ephakeme 3750 m ukhona umpheme "Barrel", lapho manje ngokuvamile uqala ukugibela Elbrus. Le ingosi has a eziyisithupha-ngci emgqonyeni izinqola ekhishini wahlomisa ngokukhethekile. Ezingeni 4100 amamitha iyintaba ephakeme kunazo zonke e-ihhotela emhlabeni - "Shelter nanye".

Isigaba 8. Stone amakhowe ku Elbrus

Elbrus - entabeni, elikwaziyo captivate abahambi izici zalo ezingokwemvelo, isibonelo, indlela okwakheke ngayo amadwala esiyingqayizivele, ngokuthi amakhowe itshe.

Kuze kube manje, akekho akekho owaziyo ukuthi kungani la matshe edume ngokuthi amakhowe, futhi akukho ndawo eCaucasus eziqoshiwe enjalo Akasekho uyalandelwa. On indawo ephansi ezincane (250 x 100 m) zihlakazeke olungokomfanekiso ambalwa kweshumi ezinjalo "isikhunta". Ngo iningi lawo ungabona inkatho.

Mhlawumbe base lokuphila elalisetshenziswa okhokho bethu okuthile ukuze zenkolo. Okuhlaba umxhwele nakakhulu kukhona amatshe abafana ebusweni ebheka phezulu. Abaningi bakholelwa ukuthi lokhu kwenziwa indawo nge amandla enamandla kakhulu omuhle, ngisho sezulu lapha ezingasadingeki kakhulu.

Isigaba 9. Elbrus Defense Museum

Defense Museum - Museum eliphakeme kunawo wonke emhlabeni. Itholakala endaweni engamamitha 3500 amamitha ngaphezu kolwandle.

Exposure ubunjalo itholakala lokuthi ukuthi abutholakali ezaziphase isakhiwo, futhi uyaqhubeka eziluzungezile.

Lesi sikhungo uye abesebenza kusukela 1 Januwari 1972. Ukuthuthukiswa Its kanye nokulondolozwa amaqoqo njalo abukwa usosayensi nabasebenzi ababili.

Iqoqo lihlanganisa ayithemu kuka 270. Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ngesikhathi seMpi yoMhlaba yesiBili e Elbrus wawusegunjini aphakeme mountain front. Kulezi zindawo babe izimpi abanolaka phezu ezigodini entabeni, okuyinto amaNazi azama ukuthatha ukuthola eCaucasus.

izinto Photodocumentary lezi zenzakalo iminyaka eminingi waqhubeka kule Museum. Prielbrusye Defense Museum - inhlangano kwakuwukuthi zesifunda, okuyinto eyenziwa umsebenzi kwamasiko.

Isigaba 10. Amaqiniso ethakazelisayo Mount

• Ngo-1956, behlonipha weminyaka engu 400th of Kabardino-Balkaria, Elbrus Intaba ngesikhathi esifanayo ngakwazi ukugibela iqembu abaqwali 400.
• Ngo-1998, umlilo ushise isakhiwo ehhotela "Shelter nanye". Kuze kube manje, indawo isakhiwo ezindala zamapulangwe, iziphathimandla zendawo ukwakha entsha.
• Ngo-1991, umagazini Ngaphandle Magazine yangasese "Shelter nanye" yaqanjwa ngokuthi ethoyilethi amakhulu kakhulu emhlabeni. Lokhu akusona isimanga, unikezwa iqiniso lokuthi izinkulungwane zezivakashi entabeni bezintaba kusuka emhlabeni wonke iminyaka baye basebenzisa le ndawo, ukulungela inhloso ethize.
• Elbrus ubhekwa iziqongo eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni. Phakathi ummango beya entabeni ngokuvamile kakhulu izingozi kwenzeke. Ngo-2004 kuphela, kwashona 48 skiers, izama bezintaba.
• Ngo-1997, ngokokuqala ngqa phezulu Elbrus ngakwazi akhuphukele wahlomisa ngokukhethekile futhi ilungiswe imoto Land Rover. Le ndoda ababecindezela kule moto - isihambi Russian abramov.
• Mount Elbrus kungokwalabo "Izingqungquthela eziyisikhombisa", ngaphezu ke ohlwini yilezi: Aconcagua eNingizimu Melika, i-Mount Everest e-Asia, Mount McKinley eNyakatho Melika, Vinson Massif e-Antarctica, Kilimanjaro e-Afrika, Puncak Jaya futhi Oceania nase-Australia.
• Okuningi ku Elbrus has 22 zeqhwa, okuyinto zivela ezintathu emifuleni Kuban futhi Baksan futhi Malka.
• Ngezinye izikhathi kusukela esiqongweni Elbrus abaqwali ubona ngokushesha Black futhi iCaspian Sea. Lokhu kuncike ingcindezi kanye lokushisa, ukusiza kakhulu ikhula Ukubuyekeza engaba.
• Ngo-2008, iNtaba Elbrus ubelokhu eqashelwa njengenye bonke abayisikhombisa izimangaliso yeRussia.