Delphi - Isicelo Development Imvelo

Ukuthuthukiswa Software-Windows nezinye ethandwa wokusebenza engenziwa nge izinhlobo eziningi amathuluzi ezahlukene. Phakathi naleyo ebonakala bemthanda Onjiniyela Russian angaphandle, - Uhlelo eDelphi. Yiziphi imininingwane yalolu ithuluzi ukuthuthukiswa? Yiziphi enhle kakhulu amathuba ayo?

ulwazi olujwayelekile mayelana Delphi

Delphi - IDE izinhlelo isicelo, okuyinto zenzelwe gijimani OS-Windows, MacOS, futhi kuselula wokusebenza - iOS and Android. Libhekene ngokungabi nemidanti kolimi kanye nekhodi izinqubo isizukulwane.

Uma kudingeka, inikeza zokuxhumana eliphansi ne uhlelo lokusebenza kanye imitapo ezibhalwe ngolimi C no-C ++. Izinhlelo zidalwe nge Delphi, asidingi izikhumba third-party ukuqala - ezifana, isibonelo, i-Java Machine Virtual. Delphi - imvelo nentuthuko ukuthi kungenziwa ngokuphumelelayo esetshenziswa kokubili ochwepheshe kanye nezinjongo zokuqeqesha. Ukuze ufunde eziyisisekelo engafezeka, akusho ukuthi ifa neziqu kanye ulwazi lwezilimi izinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi okusezingeni eliphezulu.

Izinzuzo main

Funda ukuthi ziyini izinzuzo ezingukhiye umkhiqizo isofthiwe umbuzo. Lapho, ngo-ngandlela-thile IT-inkampani eyenziwa nomqondo ukukhetha izindawo ukuthuthukiswa, eDelphi isiba kukhethwa program eziningi Kunconywa ukuba ayisebenzise. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lokhu imvelo ungakha izicelo ku samukelekile kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuze abanikeze ukusebenza high ngisho labo amakhompyutha abe nesizotha hardware Ukucaciswa. Isizathu esibalulekile esivuna ngokukhetha kubhekwe ukuthuthukiswa imvelo - kungaba kuzosungulwa amathuluzi amasha engamboziwe isethi esezingeni izixazululo ekhona Delphi esibonakalayo.

Manje sizothumela itadishe lokho ezicashile yini ukusetshenziswa esisebenzayo amathuba eDelphi.

Imininingwane yalolu esibonakalayo

Okokuqala, ungakwazi unake ezinye izici interface medium yentuthuko isofthiwe. Ngakho, isikhala ukusebenza isakhiwo uhlelo kuhilela ukusebenza kanyekanye ne amawindi eziyisisekelo eziningana. Cabangela lokhu impahla ngokuningiliziwe.

Delphi ukuthuthukiswa imvelo, inguqulo 7 ngokukhethekile, kuhilela ukusebenza amamojula ezilandelayo: ifomu umklami, umhleli, Iphalethi, Into Umhloli, futhi lwemibhalo. Kwezinye izinguqulo Delphi izingxenye imakwe kungenzeka idluliselwe ngendlela ehlukile. Ngokwesibonelo, umhleli kungase kungahambisani iwindi ikhodi uhlelo, umklami - ukuma ebhokisini. Nokho, ukusebenza kwabo kuyoba okufanayo. Make Delphi esibonakalayo izakhi kungaba umphelelisi ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene asizayo. Ikakhulu ezimbili zokuqala abhekwa umbono kwezinqubo ukuthuthukiswa software. Kodwa okubaluleke njengoba kwenza bonke abanye. Cabangela izici usebenzisa imakwe Delphi amamojuli.

Ifomu Umklami, Umhleli futhi Palette

Sebenzisa unjiniyela ifomu umklami kudala isikhombimsebenzisi yayo. Ngakwelinye ihlangothi, kulotshiwe umhleli ikhodi. program Abaningi abancoma ukukhetha Delphi ukuthuthukiswa imvelo njengoba ikhambi elilungile kakhulu, njengephuzu lokuphikisa ukuletha kalula sebenzisa umklami fomu. Abanye ochwepheshe bakholelwa ukuthi le nqubo owenza zifana umdlalo.

Njengoba ngokushesha ngemva kokuna umsebenzisi iqala ukwakha uhlelo bese uyagijima umklami ifomu ke ekuqaleni iqukethe akukho izakhi, alinalutho. Kepha waba ngokushesha singavalwa usebenzisa amathuluzi sise nezinye Delphi module - Iphalethi. Tincenye esibonakalayo hlelo, okuyinto zilungiswa kwifomu umklami kumele uphathe isiqhema, esikhundleni salokho, zibhaliwe umhleli.

Kodwa emuva okwamanje kwiphalethi. Ngosizo ke zingafakwa efomini umklami izinto ezifanele. Ukuze usebenzise ithuluzi elithile kufanele chofoza kanye kuso - inqobo nje yena uqobo endaweni palette, okwesibili - ewindini ifomu umklami. Ngemva kwalokho, into elihambisana izoya endaweni yentuthuko, futhi kungenzeka ukuba linqume ikhodi kumhleli ngoba.

into umhloli

Esinye isici esibalulekile equkethe Delphi - nesicelo sokuthuthukisa imvelo-Windows kanye nezinye izingosi ethandwa - into umhloli. Kungaphawulwa ukuthi ulwazi uboniswa ke iyashintsha: kuthinta isimo into ukuthi kukhethwe ngefomu umklami.

Into u-Inspector sakhiwo. Siqukethe amawindi ezimbili. At ngamunye algorithm fixed ukuthi ukucacisa ukuziphatha yezingxenye abafanele. Eyokuqala ubonisa izindawo, okwesibili - izenzakalo. Uma uhlelo lufuna ukwenza izinguquko ku-algorithm ezithinta ingxenye ethile, lwenza kusukela lokwenelisa kumhloli Into. Ngokwesibonelo, ungakwazi ukushintsha ukuma izakhi ezihlukahlukene zokusetshenziswa izinhlelo, ukuphakama futhi ububanzi.

Ngo kumhloli Into has amabhukumaka, ungasebenzisa ukushintsha phakathi Amakhasi sibonakalisa izakhiwo noma izenzakalo ezihlobene ngokuqondile umhleli. Ngakho, uma uchofoza kabili ngakwesokudla Uhlangothi noma yiziphi izinto babonisa esikrinini, ikhodi oluvumelana nesenzakalo esithile, obandakanya kumhleli.

Ukuthuthukiswa Software in eDelphi ukusebenzisa kumhloli Into ukuxazulula izinkinga ezihlukahlukene. Lokhu predetermined yokuthi leli thuluzi empeleni ukushintsha izindawo yiziphi izinto esisogwini ifomu, kanye uqobo. Safunda ngokuningiliziwe ezinye izici nge umhloli into.

Into u-Inspector: amathuba bayawuqhwaga

Ukuze uqonde ukuthi i-Delphi IDE ngokuya nokuxhumana Umhloli nabobunjwa labangemadayimenshini lamabili, ungazama ukushintsha izakhiwo ezinye izakhi ezivamile kokusetshenziswa kubonwa isofthiwe Ngo-Windows - ngokwesibonelo, Memo, Inkinobho futhi Listbox (kamuva sizohlola essence zabo ngaphezulu). Okokuqala kufanele ibekwe kwifomu, eDelphi usebenzisa izindlela ezitholakalayo.

Ungazama uzizamele Ctl3D impahla. Ukuze wenze lokhu, kudingeka uchofoze ifomu, bese uya Ukwenqabe Umhloli nokushintsha enanini lomuzi okukhulunywa ngakho. Ngemva leli fomu kakhulu siguqula ukubukeka. Kanyekanye Ctl3D impahla liyoshintshwa ukuze ngamunye izakhi ukuthi ezibekwe iwindi yentuthuko.

Ngemuva kokwenza ucwaningo singaya emuva ukuma ukuqinisa ukubaluleka Ctl3D. Ngemva kwalokho baphendukela ezinhlotsheni izakhi Memo kanye Listbox. Manje ungakwazi ukushintsha izindawo zabo, indawo kwifomu, ukubukeka. Ngokwesibonelo, ukhetha Hlela into kusuka kwimenyu, bese - Usayizi, uMklami Ungashintsha ububanzi nobude izinto. Kukhona inketho ukuhlela kwabo maphakathi, ngokukhetha Hlela bese Hlela. izinyathelo ezifanelekile sizothinta lokho uboniswa kumhloli Into.

ukushintsha izakhiwo yezingxenye kungaba kwenziwe nge isihloko Delphi mojuli. Ngokwesibonelo, uma umsebenzi ukuchaza ngabo umbala ethize, okungukuthi, ukuhlukahluka ukubandakanywa zomculo ezimbalwa. Okokuqala, ungafaka umyalo elihambisana umbala - like red - clRed, - endaweni luhlobo ukuphathwa. Okwesibili, umsebenzisi ungakhetha umbala kusuka ohlwini. Okwesithathu, kukhona inketho qhafaza kabili Color Properties - ewindini izovela umbala ukushefa. Ngokufanayo, umthuthukisi Ungashintsha izimfanelo nezinye izinto - ngokwesibonelo, ifonti uhlobo, umbala noma usayizi.

umkhombandlela

Delphi - IDE, okuyinto kwahambisana ngumuntu ngokwanele Iminingwane ngosizo uhlelo. Ukuze ukhulume ngayo, ukhethe into Usizo imenyu. Khona-ke uyobona omunye medium siye eshiwo ngenhla ukuthuthukiswa amamojuli isofthiwe ewindini - umhlahlandlela. Isici ukuzisebenzisa wukuthi uma ucindezela F1 umsebenzisi uzothola ukusikisela ethize, okubonisa ngokucacile leli thuluzi ukuzibandakanya. Isibonelo, uma uhlelo isebenza umhloli into, yena angakhetha omunye izakhiwo, bese ucindezela F1 bese ukwaziswa okuyisizinda inketho efanele. Kungokufanayo kungenziwa lokha abafundi basebenza yimuphi omunye izakhi kokusetshenziswa kubonwa, okuhlanganisa indawo ukuthuthukiswa Delphi 7 futhi izinguqulo nezinye yohlobo olufanele software.

Okunye izakhi kokusetshenziswa kubonwa

Phakathi kwezinye izingxenye abalulekile ukubika esibonakalayo amakhambi e-software - imenyu, le iThulibha Yongeno Olusheshayo, kanye umhleli isithombe. Ngokuphathelene imenyu - ivumela uhlelo ukuze uthole ukufinyelela ngokuqinile izingxenye ekhona isakhiwo imvelo nentuthuko. Yisebenzise ngangokunokwenzeka nge igundane, ngakho futhi usebenzisa hotkey. Kutholwe ngaphansi nje imenyu ye iThulibha Yongeno Olusheshayo. Abanye imisebenzi yayo zenqane leyo nobuntu imenyu, kodwa ukufinyelela kubo ngokushesha. Image umhleli Delphi e into efana uhlelo Paint ku-Windows. Okusho ukuthi, ngosizo ke ungakwazi ukwenza izinguquko ezilula zezithombe ukubeka phezu kwabo imibhalo eqoshiwe nezinye izakhi.

izinhlelo Amathuluzi

Delphi - IDE, okuhlanganisa inombolo enkulu amathuluzi ukwandisa uMklami kahle. Ngakho, siye sacabangela ngaphezu amamojuli nokhiye kwahambisana by amathuluzi akhethekile. Phakathi kwalabo: senkinga, yesakhi, kanye izingxenye futhi WinSight WinSpector. Qaphela ukuthi kwezinye izinguqulo Delphi ihlolwe izinto udinga ukufaka ngokwehlukana. Sifunda ngokucacile yabo.

Delphi senkinga

Ngokuphathelene senkinga - leli thuluzi sigcwalisa ikhodi umhleli ingxenye yokufeza amasheke ezidingekayo ezifanele algorithm software ngokunemba. Ngalo, unjiniyela bangahlola umthombo wakho ikhodi umugca ngemugca. Kwezinye izimo, ikhambi lenkinga, nokuthuthukiswa izingxenye, eDelphi njengomkhiqizo ozimele kungenziwa kulekelelwa i senkinga zangaphandle, okuvumela ukuthi uhlelo sithuthukiswe ikhodi yokuqinisekisa ekhiqizwa isofthiwe.

Delphi yesakhi

Manje ukufunda ngqo we kubhekwe ukuthuthukiswa imvelo yesakhi. Qaphela ukuthi isakhiwo Delphi ingaqukatha izakhi eziningana okuhambisanayo. Ngakho, kukhona inketho ukusebenzisa yesakhi DCC, okuwusizo ezimweni lapho umsebenzi esebenza isicelo senkinga zangaphandle.

Winsight futhi WinSpector

Lezi amamojuli baphakathi kwalabo ukuthi kumele ukufakwa Delphi olwengeziwe. Libhekene nobunzima isihlobo kahle. Nokho, program eziningi eziye lwenteke ezihlukahlukene ukuthuthukiswa Delphi imvelo, kodwa kukholakala ukuthi laba izingxenye qiniseka ukufunda ukuyisebenzisa. Ngakho, Winsight module isetshenziswa zigade imiyalezo ye-Windows. isakhi njalo is WinSpector, kudingeka silungise isimo ikhompuyutha ifayela ekhethekile. Uma ngokuhamba ukuthuthukiswa software yimuphi ukwehluleka kuzokwenzeka, kuba njalo kungenzeka ukuvula ifayela futhi ubone ukuthi kungenzeka abangela inkinga.

izingxenye ejwayelekile

Delphi ukuthuthukiswa imvelo, ulwazi jikelele okuyinto sifundela, sifaka eziningana izingxenye ajwayelekile, futhi ewusizo ukwazi. Ochwepheshe ubheke labo ezilandelayo: MainMenu, PopupMenu, Ilebula, Hlela, Memo, Inkinobho, Ukuchofoza, Radiobutton, Listbox, Combobox, Scrollbar, Groupbox, Panel, futhi Scrollbox. Sizokwenza ukufunda imininingwane yabo ethize.

MainMenu ingxenye yakhelwe ukuze ihlanganise kwimenyu enkulu ekusebenzisaneni adalwe uhlelo. Ukuze wenze lokhu, beka into efanele kwifomu, bese ubuya impahla Izinto ngokusebenzisa kumhloli Into, bese unquma ukuthi uyafaneleka ezifanele imenyu izinto.

PopupMenu ingxenye yakhelwe ukuze kuhlaliswe kwimenyu pop-up ekusebenzisaneni adalwe uhlelo, ie, kokuvula ngokuchofoza inkinobho yegundane kwesokudla.

Ilebula ingxenye siqhutshwa ngenjongo umbhalo uboniswa iwindi hlelo. It kungenziwa amisiwe, isibonelo, ukuze usethe ifonti oyifunayo e kumhloli Into.

Hlela ingxenye icushiwe ukuze sibonise umbhalo izingcezwana kwesikrini, lapho umsebenzisi ukuhlela ngenkathi uhlelo lokusebenza luqaliswe. Memo umphelelisi yayo ingxenye nge okuyinto yena, ungasebenza ngombhalo omkhulu. Lo msuka yakhiwa, isibonelo, izinketho ezifana izwi ukugoqa, ukukopisha umbhalo.

Inkinobho ingxenye yakhelwe ukwenza izenzo ezehlukene ngokucindezela inkinobho kuyilapho hlelo luqaliswe. Beka isici elihambisana kwifomu, bese ufaka ikhodi elifanele.

Ibhokisi lokuhlola ingxenye ivumela ukubonisa on-line isikrini ifasitela elincane, okungase wammisela isheke nge-mouse. Isici esifanayo - Radiobutton. Ziyahlukahluka kuye, okokuqala, ukubukeka - ingxenye yesibili kwenziwa umbuthano, futhi okwesibili, ilungu lokuqala Ukukhetha kanyekanye ongakhetha eziningana, Radiobutton avumele - eyodwa kuphela.

Listbox ingxenye isetshenziselwa ukubonisa isikrini uhlu lapho umsebenzisi angaya nge-mouse. Into ethi ayifane kuso enye ingxenye - Combobox, kodwa is kwahambisana by ikhono ukuze ufake umbhalo ensimini esikhethekile.

ingxenye Scrollbar - ibha umqulu ewindini. Ngokuvamile kubonakala ngokuzenzakalela ngokushesha isikhala umbhalo noma ukuma izinto abe kunangendlela iwindi.

Groupbox ingxenye icushiwe ukuze silungise oda ukufuduka phakathi amawindi ngokucindezela ikhi TAB. Panel isici kungenzeka kulekelelwa okuyinto ukunyakaza engenziwa izinto eziningi kwifomu.

Scrollbox ingxenye ivumela ukulungisa ukuma endaweni ukuthi kungenziwa kuskrolelwa nendawo futhi zibheka. Ngokusho impahla zinezikhathi iwindi eyinhloko Delphi ngokwakhona. Kodwa uma is kudingeka khona ukuzibandakanya ongakhetha anjalo esikhathini esikhethekile bobunjwa, ungasebenzisa Scrollbox ingxenye.

isifinyezo

Delphi - kwentuthuko yohlelo lokusebenza imvelo nge amathuba amaningi ngesikhathi esifanayo libhekene inkimbinkimbi ukusetshenziswa imisebenzi eyisisekelo. Ngamathuluzi ukuthi zifakwe oyiyo, kungenzeka ukwakha Tinhlobo izinhlelo-Windows nezinye ethandwa wokusebenza.

Ukukhetha Delphi amathuluzi ukuthuthukiswa, program eziningi ezibangela Ukusebenziseka interface isofthiwe efanele, kanye amathuluzi anhlobonhlobo ezisebenzisekayo ukusebenza kunoma iyiphi ingxenye yesimiso - esigabeni design, ubuchule izinhlelo noma sokulungisa iphutha.