Ukubheka izithombe ze-Macro uhlobo lwe-cinema nezithombe ngokulinganisa kwe-1: 1 noma ngaphezulu. Setha ukudubula okukhulu

Ukubheka izithombe ze-Macro yinqubo lapho uhlelo olukhulu kunazo zonke kuyiseshini lesithombe ezintweni ezincane kakhulu ezingabonakali emehlweni omuntu.

Indlela i-Macro eyenziwe ngayo

Okokuqala, udinga ukunquma ukuthi yini ongayithatha nge-macro photography. Ukuze kube lula, phawula ukuthi izithombe eziningi zithombeni izithombe zezinto ezincane ngecebo elikhulu. Ekugcineni, okuzofakwa isithombe esithombeni kuboniswa okuningi kunalokho okuyiqiniso. Izinto ezithandwayo kakhulu zokunakwa ama-macrophotographers ziyizinambuzane, izimbali, utshani nezinhlamvu zemali.

Imishini yezithombe zemifanekiso ye-macro

Ukufeza izithombe ze-macro, izazi ngokushesha zine umbuzo, yiziphi izinto zokusebenza zekhamera okufanele ngizikhethele esimisweni? Eqinisweni, ama-macrophotos amahle kakhulu anekhono lokuthatha izithombe ngekhamera elula, ngoba nayo inemodi edingekayo futhi kungenzeka ukuthi i-lens iphezulu kakhulu, kodwa ama-SLR amakhamera alula kakhulu.

Ukusebenzisa kwabo kuvumela ukukhethwa kwe-lens edingekayo futhi kwenza kube lula ukugcina zonke izinto ezilawulwayo, ngenkathi kufezwa umphumela omuhle kakhulu. Uma sikhuluma ngekhono lokubukwa kwesibuko, ngakho-ke ochwepheshe, kanye nabaphathi be-novice, imodeli efana ne-Canon ED noma efana nayo izokwenza.

I-lens yokudubula okukhulu

Uma sikhuluma ngedivaysi ehlanganisiwe, khona-ke ukukhetha lapha kuncane, ngoba inxenye yomgomo ayikwazi ukushintshwa. Noma, uma kunethuba lokuthenga i-macro lens ekhethekile ye-DSLR, ngakho-ke kunconywa ukwenza lokho nje. Okuthandwa kakhulu yi-Canon EF-S 60mm f / 2.8 Macro USM.

Ukubheka izithombe ze-macro kuyindlela yokuthatha izithombe ngokusebenzisa ingilazi ehloswe ngokuthi "i-crested" (encane) yamatrices kumakhamera. Zibhekwa njengama-matrices ngokuyinhloko ngamakhamera angewona ochwepheshe. Uma sicabangela i-matrix encane, ukubaluleka kwebanga lokugxila lilingana namamitha ayikhulu.

Ikhamera yokudubula okukhulu yenza kube lula ukudubula i-macrophotographs ngesilinganiso se-1: 1, okungukuthi, isithombe singahle sitholwe kumatrikisi ngesilinganiso se-1: 1, okwenza kube nomphumela wesayizi wabo. Akuzona zonke ikhamera ezingakwenza lokhu.

Isazi singasebenzisa i-Canon EOS 5D. I-lens yalesi khamera isetshenziselwa umthamo wayo we-Canon EF 100mm f / 2.8 MacM USM.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungenzeka ukusebenzisa ama-zoom lensiza ashibhile, anomsebenzi omkhulu wohlobo lwe-SIGMA AF 70-300mm f / 4-5.6 APO. Imodi ye-macro yalolu hlobo isebenza ngobude phakathi kuka-200-300 mm futhi yenza kube lula ukugxila ebangeni lika-95 cm entweni okufanele isuswe. Isilinganiso singu-1: 2.9-1: 2.

Zymobjective nge macrofunction

Futhi, inketho yesabelomali yokudubula okukhulu ngekhamera yesibuko kuyindandatho enkulu. Njengomphumela wesicelo sayo, ngisho ne-lens evamile, kungenzeka ukuba wenze indlela yokuxoxa ngale ndaba. Nokho, ngenxa yokusebenzisa i-ring macro, ingxenye ezenzakalelayo yekhamera ayisebenzi. Futhi lokhu ngokuphawulekayo kuyinkimbinkimbi inqubo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kudinga ukudubula okuphelele kwe-macro.

I-macro ring

Futhi, ukuthola i-lens macro cishe isipho, uma uvula ikhamera ngokudubula okukhulu futhi unamathisele i-tripod kuyo. Kodwa isenzo esinjalo asilula futhi, ngeshwa, senza ukukhubaza ukulawulwa kwamalensi othomathikhi.

Ukushiswa kwemisindo ngesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe

Akunconywa ukwenza izithombe eziningi ngokuvezwa okuzenzakalelayo. Lokhu kubhekwa njengengalungile. Kunconywa ukusetha kuqala ukuvula kuqala. Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi ngenxa yomhlangano wesithombe oseduze, kufanele kube mncane ngangokunokwenzeka ukuze ukujula kwensimu kube okungenani okungenangqondo kancane! Isibonelo, F / 11 noma ngisho F / 22 kuyoba usizo kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi i-diaphragm ivaliwe futhi akukho ukukhanya okwanele ku-matrix, isivinini se-shutter kufanele senyuke futhi i-tripod izoba usizo kakhulu uma uthatha i-macrophotographs ukulwa nesilinganiso sohlolo.

Ukubheka izithombe ze-Macro kunesixwayiso esincane, ngoba ngokuvalwa kwesifenqo, ingozi yokulahlekelwa okucacile ngenxa ye-diffraction iyanda. Lokhu kungabonakala ekuvuleni kusuka ku-F / 9.

Ukukhanyisa ukudubula okukhulu

Ukunciphisa ukutholakala, kuyadingeka ukwandisa ukukhanya kwekamelo. Ngosuku olukhanyayo, ungenza ngaphandle kwe-flash, kodwa ekamelweni elimnyama noma ebusuku ngokuntuleka kokukhanya ngesikhathi sokuqopha noma yiziphi izimbungulu noma ngenkathi uthatha izinambuzane ezinkulu, i-flash iyadingeka kakhulu.

I-Flash Macro

Ikhamera ye-Canon ne-Nikon, kanye namanye ama-brand, aqukethe ama-macrospray akhethwe ngokukhethekile, kodwa amanye awo ayabiza kakhulu. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ama-macro-flashes ayenziwe ajwayele ukusetshenziselwa, okuthuthukiswa ekusetshenzisweni ngaphakathi noma ngaphakathi.

Kukhona imiklamo eminingi engaba khona yokuchaza. Izibonelo zamakhamera anjalo ziboniswa ezithombeni ngezansi. Futhi izithombe zibukeka kahle. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wokuguqulwa okunjalo kubhekwa njengokukhanya okulula kakhulu ngenxa yesicelo sakho.

Izimiso zokugxila ngesikhathi sokuthwebula izithombe

Ekujuleni kwensimu "GRIP" engaba ngu-1 mm, ubukhali bokugxila into kuba umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu. Kungenzeka ukuhlupheka isikhathi eside ngokugxila, ngisho noma kukhona i-tripod enhle enekhanda elihle kakhulu. Isibonelo, uhlobo lwezithombe nezithombe, lapho kuphela izintuthwane nekhanda le-beetle ezigxile ekugxilweni.

Ngenxa yalokhu, abalingisi nabathengi bakhetha imilayezo yokugxila. Isibonelo yi-Adorama Macro Focusing Rail. Kodwa lokhu kusebenza ochwepheshe abaningi kunabathandekayo nabalandeli be-photography macro.

Ingemuva kwengxenye ye-macrophotography

Indlela elula ekubhekaneni nokungalungi kokugxila kubhekwa njengento encane yokunyakaza kwekhamera kanye nenani elikhulu lamafomu, okunye okuzobe kukhonjisiwe kulokho kunoma yikuphi. Uma kwenzeka isihloko sezithombe sisekhona, kungenzeka ukuyihambisa phambi kwekhamera. Uhlobo lwezithombe luzoshintsha.

Ingxenye yangemuva yezithombe ezinjalo ihlale ivele iphutha, ngenxa yalesi sizathu kubalulekile ukugxila ukunaka kwakho kuphela ukhiye jikelele. "Ezimweni zasemakhaya" isizinda esifanayo siba mhlophe, futhi siyishintsha, kuzodingeka senze imizamo ethile, ngoba emgwaqweni yonke imibala nemithunzi ibonakala iyimvelo. Ubuhle besizinda, okukhulunywe ngaye ngenhla, kuncike ngokuqondile ku-lens, ikakhulukazi, kudivayisi ye-diaphragm.

Ngokwemvelo, ama-nuances okuqhuba izithombe eziningi angenakubalwa. Ungabhala ngabo ngabo ngokungapheli.

Indlela yokubamba ikhamera ngenkathi uthatha isibhamu esikhulu

Ikhamera kufanele igcinwe nawe ngesikhathi sokudutshulwa okukhulu. Amathuba okubamba ukudubula okuhle atholakala lapho kwenzeka ukuthi le mzuzu ilindeleke kakhulu. Ngenxa yalokhu, kuzomele uzame ukungashiyi ikhamera ekhaya. Asikho isidingo sokuthatha isithombe ngenhloso, sinethemba lokuthola isithombe esihle.

Ngesikhathi sokuhamba, uhambo oluya endaweni ethile engavamile noma ukuhlangana nabangani, ikhamera kufanele ithathwe nawe. Mhlawumbe, ngaleso sikhathi, kuyokwenzeka ukuthi uthathe ukudubula okuhle. Kulesi simo, kungcono ukuba nekhamera encane engeyona yobuchwepheshe.

Ngesikhathi sokudubula okukhulu, kufanele uqaphele okuthakazelisayo yeseshini yesithombe noma izinto. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela izinto, ucabange ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi uyabamba ngendlela yokuthi kudutshulwa kahle. Ungathatha izithombe endleleni yokusebenza noma yokufunda. Ungathatha futhi isithombe endleleni eya esitolo. Uma uthanda into ethile, kodwa akunakwenzeka noma isikhathi sokuyifwebula, khona-ke encwadini yezincwadi noma encwadini yezincwadi uzenzele inothi ngokuthi yikuphi le nto okuzodingwa ukuba ilandwe esikhathini esizayo. Kungenzeka hhayi ngosuku olufanayo noma ngisho nezinyanga ezimbalwa kamuva, lapho kuzoba khona isikhathi samahhala. Kuzodingeka ukuthi ubuyele kule ndawo futhi wenze ukudubula okuphumelelayo.

Udinga ukubuka umhlaba ngamehlo womthwebuli wezithombe. Okusho ukuthi, qaphela konke okuzungezile. Lokhu kungaba imbali efasiteleni, esungeze umbono kusuka kulo, i-vase enezithelo kuwo etafuleni ekhishini. Kudingekile ukuqeqesha wena ukucabanga komthwebuli wezithombe. Ukuzama ukuqaphela izinto ezijwayelekile kakhulu ngakolunye uhlangothi, hhayi njalo.

Kukhona inkulumo ethi "ukubukwa kwangaphambili". Isithombe esihle sithathwe ngaphambi kokuba ikhamera ithathwe ngesandla. Inombolo enkulu yezithombe itholakala ngqo phambi kwamehlo akho, mhlawumbe ngisho nasezindaweni lapho ikusasa elizayo likhona okwamanje. Omunye kumele afunde ukubona ukuthi abanye abantu abamboni. Mhlawumbe, kuyokwenzeka ukudala ubuciko obuhle ekhaya.

Kusukela ekutholeni izithombe kuyadingeka ukuba ujabule. Ukuze uthole inani elikhulu labathwebuli bezithombe, lokhu akubhekwa njengomsebenzi, kodwa ukuzilibazisa. Ukuzilibazisa, njengoba wazi, kufanele kulethe injabulo, hhayi nje kuphela umphumela wokuphela. Ukwaneliseka kufanele kube yiyonke inqubo yesithombe-graphing, okungukuthi:

• Kusuka ekutadisheni nasekubukeni izinto ezithombeni;
• Kusukela ekubukeni hhayi umsebenzi wabo;
• Kusukela kusifiso sokwakha into eyakhe.

Ngemuva kokubukeza isisekelo sithombe, kunethuba lokuthuthukisa kakhulu okuhlukile kwezithombe zakho, noma kunjalo, ukuze udale ubuciko obuhle, kuzodingeka ukuthi abaningi banesithakazelo nezinto eziningi zokuzama, sebenzisa izinzwa ngenhlanhla futhi bazame ukuqonda ukuthi kwenzekani okungalungile nokuthi kwakudingeka kwenziwe kanjani . Kulokhu, uzothola izinga lekhono langempela.

Izimbangela ze-macrophotography encane

Kwabaqalayo, ukudutshulwa okukhulu kuwubukhali esakhiweni ngesikhathi sokudubula, okubhekwa njengenye yezinkomba ezibaluleke kakhulu zesithombe esibucayi. Akuzona izithombe ezibukhali ezibukhali ezinezizathu ezine eziyinhloko:

1. Shevelenka. Kuyenzeka uma ikhamera idonsa ngenxa yokuvezwa okukhulu. Kubuye kwenzeke nalapho ukudubula kwenzeka ezimweni eziphansi zokukhanya. Kulesi simo, ukubanjwa kwekhamera kungathinta ukulibazisa kwekhamera kwamasekhondi angu-10.
2. Ukuhamba kwezinto ezithombeni, ngoba akuzona zonke ezizohlala zikhona ngaso sonke isikhathi. Futhi ngisho nokunyakaza okuncane kungenza "ukufiphaza" isithombe, uma udubula ngokulibaziseka okukhulu.
3. Ukuhluleka Kwe-Auto Focus. Ngenxa yokuthi izinhlelo ze-autofocus aziphelele futhi zinekhono lokulahlekelwa futhi zigxile kwenye into.
4. Ukujula okungalungile kokhetho lwensimu.