Crimean ngolimi lwesiTatar: izici izici eziyinhloko

Luyini ulimi Crimean Tatar? Yiziphi izici lwetakhi telulwimi it has? Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ehlangene ngolimi lwesiTatar? Izimpendulo zale mibuzo kanye silindela.

amaTatar Crimean

Crimean Tatar abantu ngokuvamile kulinganiswa amaTatar abahlala eRussia. Lokhu kahle livela izikhathi Russian Empire, lapho bonke abantu abayimizulane Turkic ngokuthi "AmaTatar". Lihlanganisa Kumyks, Azerbaijanis, nokunye. D.

AmaTatar eCrimea kukhona yomdabu. bozalo lwabo abangaphezu ezizwe ezihlukahlukene lasendulo abahlala enyakatho Black Sea esifundeni. A indima ebalulekile Kudlalwe ethnogenesis lezizwe Turkic, Cumans, Khazars, Pechenegs, ngamaKaraite, Huns futhi Krymchaks.

Ukwakheka komlando YaseCrimea AmaTatar njengeqembu yobuhlanga ahlukene iphutha enhlonhlweni ekhulwini XIII-XVII. Phakathi nabameleli bayo avame ukusetshenziswa self "Crimeans." uhlobo Anthropological basonta Caucasian. Ukukhethwa kuyinto subethnos umlenze inezici efana Caucasian futhi Mongoloid izinhlanga.

ulimi Crimean Tatar

ECrimea sikhulunywa cishe izikhathi eziyizinkulungwane 490 abantu. It is basakaza ensimini ka-Russia, e-Ukraine, Uzbekistan, Romania, Turkey futhi ingenye ngezilimi ezikhulunywa kabanzi e-Republic of eCrimea.

Okubhaliwe ngokuvamile esetshenziselwa Latin, nakuba kungenzeka nekubhala Cyrillic ke. Iningi izikhulumi bahlala eCrimea (abantu abangaba yizinkulungwane ezingu-300). Ngo Bulgaria futhi Romania, inani YaseCrimea AmaTatar imayelana ayizinkulungwane ezingu-30.

Tatar ulimi "isihlobo" yakhe, kodwa hhayi eduze kakhulu. Bobabili izilimi Turkic futhi kufakwe Kipchak iqeqebana. Khona-ke namagatsha awo washintsha. Into Tatar kakhulu kuthonywa Finno-Ugric, isiRashiya, isi-Arabic. On the Crimean Tatar wathonywa amaNtaliyane, amaGreki, ama-Cumans futhi Kipchaks.

zezigodi

Crimean Tatar abantu sehlukaniswe subethnos ezintathu eziyinhloko ngamunye ekhuluma ulimi lwabo siqu. Engxenyeni esenyakatho yenhlonhlo kwakhiwa asemaqeleni lwesigodi okuqondene izilimi Nogai-Kypchak.

South, noma yalyboysky, ulimi lwesigodi eduze ulimi Turkish. A elikhulu kuye kwadingeka amaNtaliyane namaGreki ahlala ogwini oluseningizimu, inhlonhlo ye-. Ngo lwesigodi ziningi amazwi imalimboleko izilimi zabo.

I obujwayelekile lwesigodi phakathi. Kuyinto Lesisemkhatsini phakathi ezinye ezimbili. It libhekisela Polovtsian-Kipchak iqembu izilimi Turkic futhi iqukethe izinto eziningi Oguz. lwesigodi ngasinye sibandakanya zezigodi eziningana.

Ukwahlukanisa kanye Izici

Crimean Tatar ulimi kungokwalabo izilimi Turkic, nakho kungokwalabo iqembu Altai kanye ngezilimi-Mongolian, isiKorea futhi Tungus-Manchurian. Nokho, lo mbono kukhona abaphikisi abaphikisa ukuba khona kwe-yama-Altaic ngokomthetho.

Esikhathini ngezigaba kunezinye nobunzima kolimi. Njengomthetho, lingelikaJehova le iqeqebana Kypchak-Polovtsian izilimi. Lokhu ayilungile, ngoba uma kungenjalo kunakwe ubuhlobo baso izilimi Oghuz, okuyinto okubonakale lwesigodi phakathi.

Uma sicabanga ngakho konke izici ulimi YaseCrimea dialectical, ke libhekwa ngendlela elandelayo:

Umlando nezincwadi

Lwesigodi eladabuka Ephakathi. Ngesikhathi izwe YaseCrimea wahlala inqwaba bamaqembu ezinhlanga yathonya kumiswa ulimi. Yingakho ulimi Crimean Tatar siyahluka kakhulu ezingxenyeni ezahlukene yonke le nhlonhlo.

Ngesikhathi YaseCrimea Khanate, labantu waphoqeleka ukuba sikhulume WaseTurkey. Ezinsukwini isiko of the Empire, isiRashiya kwakuwulimi ziyancipha Crimeans. yokutakula wakhe owaqala ekhulwini XIX. Khona-ke, sibonga Ismail Gasprinsky uvele etemibhalo ulimi Crimean Tatar. Ngezinye isisekelo sayo ubeke lwesigodi lwaseningizimu.

Kuze 1927 incwadi lwalwenziwa izinhlamvu Arabhu. Ngonyaka olandelayo, njengoba isisekelo ulimi etemibhalo akhethiwe lwesigodi phakathi, nokuloba lahunyushelwa zamagama Latin. Wabizwa "Yanalif" noma "alfabhethi olulodwa Turkic".

Ngo-1939 wazama ukwenza Cyrillic, kodwa izincwadi Latin waqala emuva ngo-90s. Kuyinto uhlukile Yanalif: izincwadi ezingekho ejwayelekile Latin esikhundleni izinhlamvu emamaki diacritical, okwenza kwaba ukufana ne ulimi Turkish.

Kwesilulumagama nekusetjentiswa eyisisekelo izici

Crimean Tatar kuyinto ulimi agglutinative. Okushiwo amagama nemisho azishintshiwe ngenxa Ukunqanyulwa kwe, futhi esebenzisa "gluing" ka netijobelelo amagama kanye bethela. Abangase bakwazi ukukuthwala ulwazi hhayi kuphela ngalokho okushiwo lucebe bezwi, kodwa futhi budlelwane emkhatsini amazwi nokunye. D.

Ulimi iqukethe izingxenye nanye yokukhuluma, amacala ayisithupha, izinhlobo ezine Isenzo conjugation, amafomu ezintathu nalesitako ngamazwi (abakhona, esedlule nesizayo). Awunazo uhlobo izabizwana amabizo. Ngokwesibonelo, Russian wathi yena,, it ihambelana ifomu elilodwa kuphela - "o".

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