Cloisonné: isigaba okuyinhloko. Technique Cloisonné

Famous Hypation Chronicle kusilethela indaba izimangaliso Jewelers isiRashiya, zokuhlobisa imikhiqizo yabo koqweqwe lwawo - indlela yokwakheka eqina emva kokudubula anemibala powder Vitreous, athole umphumela ezibukwayo okungavamile. Lobu buchwepheshe weza eRussia kusukela eByzantium, eyabonakala ekhulwini VI. Namuhla izwi lasendulo koqweqwe lwawo okuphume kwegazi, esikhundleni selithi isetshenziswa namuhla - art koqweqwe lwawo.

Kuyini koqweqwe lwawo zokuhlobisa?

Ngaphambi kokuthi uqale ukukhuluma mayelana nokuthi iyiphi inqubo kwezobuciko, ebizwa nge "Cloisonné" uzahlala incazelo ngalezi zithako, esetshenziswa Jewelers master kwezobuciko kanye nemisebenzi yezandla. Njengoba kushiwo ngenhla, koqweqwe lwawo - powder etholwe ukugaya ezinemibala amapuleti Vitreous.

Wetted ngamanzi ziphenduka mass okuqinile oluthambile, ukwakheka sisetshenziswa yeseli elivezwa kobuso sihloko. Isinyathelo esilandelayo is yokuwugazinga. It wenziwa noma esithandweni noma igesi ekhethekile noma sikaphalafini uphethiloli. Ngaphansi isenzo lokushisa eliphezulu (kusuka 700 kuya ku-900 ° C) mass Vitreous Uqinisa futhi kuthatha ukubukeka esiyingqayizivele.

Ukusebenza koqweqwe lwawo

Kuye ukubunjwa ochotshoziwe Vitreous mass, lokushisa kanye nesikhathi labadubuli, okuholela koqweqwe lwawo kungase kudingeke ntshashintshe ngale, noma kube-opaque ngokuphelele - abayizithulu. Lokhu kuvula master amakhono zokudala njengoba ikuvumela ukuba sifinyelele ezihlukahlukene nemiphumela.

amasu Spectrum isicelo emsebenzini onjengalona, wayecebe kakhulu, futhi omunye wabo Cloisonné. Jewellery enziwe ukusetshenziswa kwaso, azitholakali kabanzi futhi ezibhekwa elite. Isizathu itholakala eyinkimbinkimbi ukwakhiwa yabo futhi ukungabi nakwenzeka kwento nokukhanda yenqubo ukukhiqizwa. into ngayinye kuwumsebenzi esiyingqayizivele wombhali. Uma nathi cabanga ukuthi ngokuvamile kusetshenziswa amatshe ayigugu, kuyacaca intengo zazo eziphakeme nokutholakala ongaphakeme.

Njengoba ubizwa wadala Cloisonné

Esigigabeni sokuqala a negolide noma isiliva noma nickel esiliva (ngaphansi ithusi noma steel) ebusweni, okuyinto ngesisekelo ukwakheka, esibaziweyo, ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa besika iluphu isithombe esizayo. Khona emaphethelweni kuthiwa soldered metal ngodonga kabani ukujiya akuvamile idlula omunye milimitha. Lezi zindonga, okwakunginika igama uhlobo echazwe of koqweqwe lwawo zobuciko kokubili amaseli avaliwe futhi evulekile, zazo zigcwele ketshezi xaxa futhi viscous mass anemibala.

Once in the nqubo yokushisa, i-osemanzi koqweqwe lwawo, ekhiqizwa ukugaya nokuhlanganisa wokucwebezelisa imikhiqizo. Lokhu kwenziwa ukuze kobuso izindonga koqweqwe lwawo futhi wadala indiza olulodwa. Technique Cloisonné kakhulu nzima yokuthi ungqimba labadubuli impahla unciphe bese uba ngodonga aphansi. Ngenxa yalokho, amangqamuzana kufanele ashona kanye kabusha Bhaka umkhiqizo. Kuye oluxhumekeke lobuchwepheshe kanye nomklamo bokubeka umbhali, labadubuli kungase kuphinde kushiwo abanye kusukela kahlanu nekhulu.

imikhiqizo kanye ezidayiswayo abahlukile

Kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ukungakwazi ukuthonya izinqubo ezenzeka esikhathini koqweqwe lwawo ngamazinga ashisa kakhulu, kubangela okwakhe kanye ubunjalo ngomkhiqizo ngamunye. Kabili ukuze kuzuzwe nomphumela ofanayo cishe kungenakwenzeka, ngakho wonke umkhiqizo owenziwe kule nqubo uhlukile.

Cloisonné koqweqwe lwawo akuyona ubuchwepheshe kuphela yobuciko neyezandla. Kanye it is kabanzi okuthiwa ohlangothini nemithambeka. Ngu ukwahlukanisa, ke uyahluka ngokuthi ukwakheka Vitreous alaneliswa amaseli kwakhiwa ngodonga soldered futhi ngokukhethekile kude, ukuma emadana imigqa umdwebo. Ngo yesimanje yokukhiqiza ubucwebe le njongo ngokuvamile isetshenziswa noma wanyathela izikhala eyenziwe ekubunjweni. Esikhathini umkhakha efanayo enkulu ekwakhekeni ezidayiswayo esetshenziswa nokumlingisa Cloisonné.

Umthelela emawindini engilazi apendiwe

Cloisonné has ngolunye uhlobo lothando. Ibizwa ngokuthi ibala ingilazi iwindi noma koqweqwe lwawo. Le nqubo libhekene khona neqiniso lokuthi akuyona awusebenzi ukusebenzisa metal isizinda. Igama azithola ngenxa yokuthi imikhiqizo zenziwa esekelwe bube yindilinga ibala amafasitela ahlotshiswe ngokweqile ukuthini. Ziyakwazi esobala ngokuphelele, futhi ukukhanya eyenza umuntu acabange eseZwini ngokusebenzisa mass Vitreous, kudala inkohliso umbala namabala ingilazi, ebiyelwe kwensimbi.

Imikhiqizo eyenziwa kule nqubo, enhle kakhulu. I koqweqwe lwawo efulemini yensimbi egcwele libukeka emchilweni emihle eyenziwe igolide, isiliva noma ithusi. Wenziwe ukusika noma entabeni kanye nokunamathisela ngomthofu okwalandela izingxenye eyenziwe ezisontekile ekhethekile wire by. Coloured koqweqwe lwawo, ukugcwalisa izikhala phakathi ngodonga, lidale play engachazeki ukukhanya.

Amasiko of koqweqwe lwawo Chinese

Emlandweni yobuciko neyezandla of China unendima koqweqwe lwawo ngokukhethekile. Cloisonné, ngokuthi klauzane, akuzange kusungulwe amaShayina bazithoba, beza kubo bevela eFrance, kodwa kwaba uhlobo ukuthuthukiswa, ngenxa yokuphambana namasiko zendawo nezikazwelonke. Kusukela umthombo yayo yasekuqaleni ikakhulukazi njengefa igama, lisuselwa elithi French asesonte Cloison - "ukwahlukanisa." Ngaphambi kokuvakashela China lolu hlobo amasu koqweqwe lwawo kusetshenziswa khona Shearer yayo kukho.

Esikhathini Palace Museum e-Beijing ezihlukahlukene imisebenzi embukisweni we yobuciko neyezandla, phakathi eqokomisa koqweqwe lwawo Chinese. Cloisonné emelelwe isikhathi ikakhulu imikhiqizo xv ekhulwini Syuande futhi Tszintao. Akukhona ukuthi kumane kuqondane, njengoba isikhathi Ming BakwaHan, elalingelamaFilisti ababusi okukhulunywa, kubhekwe yisikhathi nokuqhakaza enkulu kwezobuciko. Ngesisekelo ubuchwepheshe yayo, kanye waboleka e-Europe, amakhosi Chinese nge umcabango okungavamile luhlobise itafula futhi phansi isitsha sezimbali, izinkomishi, candy ezihlukahlukene nezibani.

koqweqwe lwawo lelandzisako kusuka Georgia

udumo okubalulekile kusuka abaqoqi futhi abathandi art ngajabulela Georgian Cloisonné koqweqwe lwawo. izibonelo wakhe bokuqala aziwayo basonta ekhulwini IX, ngaphezu kwalokho, abenziwe nge ubuchwepheshe obufanayo ukuthi isetshenziswa namuhla. Georgian Art, okuyinto izici flavour esiyingqayizivele namandla awapheli, owawusekelwe kuwo amasiko amaningi aseYurophu futhi Oriental. Yingakho ibizwa ngakho organically langena Cloisonné koqweqwe lwawo amasu esahlanganisa lezi zitho eNtshonalanga Yurophu. Lapha-ke akuzange kuphela yingcweti, kodwa iye yabizwa kuqhutshekwe athuthukile, sibonga ngalo kwakukhona yobuciko zezikole Georgian kazwelonke.

Enamel ezikhathini ezidlule futhi namuhla

Kuyaziwa ukuthi inkosi Cloisonné emakhulwini eminyaka adlule yasetshenziselwa ukuthola ukwakheka oyifunayo izingxenye zabo ehlukile kunaleyo abazolandela yabo yesimanje. Kwelinye iresiphi elidala wawuthi ukulungiswa enamels zidinga kwenye ingxenye okumsulwa asebenza ngebhethri isihlabathi, enye ingxenye boric acid nezingxenye ezimbili phambili abomvu. Ukuze udlulisele wayefisa umbala Ukwakheka usebenzisa zombala ezahlukene ngesimo cadmium oxide, ayibe noma ithusi.

Ngo XX koqweqwe lwawo ekhulwini amasu babehambile phambili ukusetshenziswa ngendlela yakudala futhi yobuciko neyezandla, laqala ukusetshenziswa ingasetshenziswa noma ngabe ufuna ukwakha ebusweni okuhlala kanye nemithi amakhemikhali. Kwakukhona koqweqwe lwawo lobuchwepheshe. Ngakho, ushintsho kanye nokulungiselela ubuchwepheshe.

Cloisonné: Master Class

Ekupheleni kwe-athikili sethula indaba eningiliziwe indlela okwenza panel kule nqubo ye septal koqweqwe lwawo. Lokhu ekhethekile yokufundisa kuzovumela noma ubani ofuna ukuba Ungazama ngesandla sabo e ukudalwa kwemisebenzi yobuciko neyezandla.

Okokuqala, udinga ukuthatha usayizi ofanele kanye ukushuba plate ithusi, futhi anneal ke kuze kube umbala obomvu, futhi amanzi bese usebenzisa abandayo. Lokhu kuyokunika impahla esithambile futhi kuzovikela ukusonteka phezu okwengeziwe kokudubula koqweqwe lwawo uqobo. Ngemva kwalokhu, plate usule futhi bahlanza ngokucophelela nge lokukhuhla. Akumele sifinyelele surface ngokuphelele bushelelezi, kusukela ukukhanya kuyoba nesandla surface maholoholo kangcono enkompolo metal ne koqweqwe lwawo.

Ngokusebenzisa iphethini ukufaka lumangaza

Isinyathelo esilandelayo - isicelo plate iphethini. Lokhu kungaba ukwakheka ngasese, futhi kudluliswa kusuka endaweni ncwadi usebenzisa kufunwe iphepha futhi ukopishe ephepheni. Ukuze isithombe esicacile wayephezu, plate kungenziwa pre-camera gouache emhlophe. Lapho umdwebo kuboniswa, kufanele ezaziqoshwe ngensimbi scriber elisetshenziswa imisebenzi amapayipi ngezinye izikhathi. Emva kwalokho, ipuleti kuyinto wageza kahle futhi aphinde calcined ngomlilo.

Kunconywa yokukhiqiza ngodonga zethusi wire nge ububanzi of mayelana 0.8 milimitha. Wakhe ngaphambilini idlule lokugaya noma nje isicaba ngesando. Strip okuholela is ethe njo umphetho ipuleti, ncamashi ukuphinda iphethini line. Ngenxa yalesi umsebenzi, ngokuvamile wotshwala glue BF-6.

Ukusebenzisa koqweqwe lwawo kwenkampani iphinde idilize

Ukuze womshini koqweqwe lwawo iphaneli ukuba usetshenziswe ngendlela powder mass. On ukudayiswa kunokwehluka yayo ne ukwengeza noma isiliva izinhlayiya, onikeza umkhiqizo ukubukeka ezibizayo futhi eyinkimbinkimbi. I powder buhlanjululwe ngamanzi kanye mass okuholela zigcwalise lezo zikhala phakathi lumangaza. Ngenxa yale njongo kuyinto elula ukusebenzisa trowel kanye shayela. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungqimba koqweqwe lwawo is ngokulinganayo wabeka flat ukuphakama ngodonga.

Esigabeni esilandelayo azodinga kuhhavini omiswe. Ngo umkhiqizo ke womile ezingeni lokushisa 60 ° C kuya kuze ingxube koqweqwe lwawo shabalala amanzi ngokuphelele. Lapho beqeda le nqubo on ipuleti ukwesekwa yokushisa ekumelaneni steel ibekwe esithandweni muffle akhiqize kokudubula. Uma kungenzeka lokulawula izinga lokushisa esithandweni, kuyinto efiselekayo uwulethe 850 ° C, uma kungenjalo, Ukushisa kufanele uqhubeke kuze umkhiqizo kuze amaqabunga ecwebezelayo.

Isigaba sokugcina umsebenzi

Ngemva kokuqinisekisa ukuthi iqembu labadubuli usuphothuliwe, lo ipuleti asuswe esithandweni esebenzisa esebenzisa eside, futhi wabeka phezu kwensimbi, icindezelwa umthwalo phezulu flat futhi abushelelezi, okuyinto isisindo kufanele kube amakhilogremu okungenani eziyishumi. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhiqizo epholisa. Khona-ke umthwalo isuswe namafayela inaliti ilungiswe umkhiqizo mfihlo descaling.

koqweqwe lwawo Cloisonné - hhayi i inqubo elula, futhi ngokokuqala izinga bokubeka umkhiqizo kungenzeka abanelisi. Kulokhu, ungakwazi ukwengeza lemali edingekayo koqweqwe lwawo amaseli bese uphinda labadubuli, kodwa lokhu kufanele kube izikhathi akukho kuka amane, njengoba lolu hlobo koqweqwe lwawo is bleached nge inomboro ekulu.