Chukovskiy Nikolay: Biography nesithombe

Chukovskiy Nikolay Korneevich - Uyise abadumile, Russian futhi umbhali Soviet UKorney Chukovsky, amazibulo akhe, obethi futhi exhumene ukuphila kwakhe izincwadi, izinguqulo nephrozi kanye izinkondlo. Yazalwa ngo-Odessa, 4 Novemba 1965. Unina - Maria B. - wazalwa Golfeld. Ngemva komshado, wahamba nomyeni wakhe e-London, ngubani ngesikhathi esebenza njengesazi umlobeli kumagazini onyathelisiwe "Odessa News." Ngemva konyaka, wayesenguFakazi ku ngenyanga okugcina enkathi yokukhulelwa, wabuyela Odessa wabeletha indodana.

UNikolai Chukovsky: Biography

Zonke ngiseyingane UNikolai ayichitha Petersburg kuleli yokungcebeleka emzaneni Kuokkala (Petersburg nesifunda). Njengoba lizungezwe izwe nemindeni yabo kungenzeka umona. Owami ubaba wayeyisidakwa, abangane kanye owaziwayo abalobi izincwadi kanye izimbongi ezifana K. lezinkinobho, N. Z, M. Slonimsky, Kaverin, njll Ngakho-ke, indodana wethula ngokushesha ku kulo mbuthano. Nicholas lucky ngokwanele ukuze uthwebule inkumbulo Alexander Blok. Summer 1921, futhi uyise kwakufanele Litfonda cottage nge enjalo Ubuntu ezinkulu njengoba Osip Mandelstam, Khodasevich, R. Dobuzhinsky nabanye.

Ezemfundo kanye lokusungula ekuseni

Chukovskiy Nikolay Tenishev waphothula ekolishi ngo-1921, wachitha iminyaka eminingi ku izifundo e-University of Petrograd IFF (kuze 1924). Khona-ke, ngo-1930 wathola iziqu WMC e-Institute of Art Umlando e Lenigrada.

Futhi ngokushesha waqala ukusebenza Nikolaya Gumileva studio tetemibhalo "Linikeza echibini." Bese Chukovskiy Nikolay Sasondelana kakhulu ne "Serapion abazalwane" Petrograd inhlangano abalobi abasha. Uma waze waba iqhawe we satirical umsebenzi "Aristocrat" Mikhail Zoshchenko.

Voloshin

Kusukela ngo-1922 kuya ku-1928 izinkondlo zakhe ngokuphindaphindiwe ephrintiwe ngaphansi mbumbulu Nicholas Radishchev. izinkondlo zakhe azamukelayo Gorky, uNikolai Gumilyov, Khodasevich. Ngo-1928, Chukovskiy Nikolay kudedela iqoqo lokuqala izinkondlo "Ngosizo lwesikhulu esithile ipharadesi zasendle", ngemva uqala bahlanganyele perevodamm senkondlo.

Ubaba owethulwa indodana yakhe Maximilian Voloshin - imbongi Russian abadumile, umhlaziyi etemibhalo umculi landscape ne uMykola ngisho sahlala naye ekhatsi Koktebel. Kube wazana nomunye umbhali Russian ezidumile imbongi - Alexander White.

Phakathi no-ehlobo 1932 Chukovskij iphakethe ukuvakasha waya ekuphumuleni ikhaya Litfonda ukuze Koktebel. Kube wafakaza ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila Voloshin, ngubani ubulawe yisifo sohlangothi lwesibili, August 11, 1932. UNikolai Chukovsky kwaba emngcwabeni wakhe. Abangane eyenziwa lomngcwabo ezandleni zabo phezulu egqumeni Kuchuk Yanyshar.

idili

Esikhathini kusuka 1937 kuya ku-1938, igama Chukovsky, kanye namagama L. Nikulin, V. Kibalchicha H. Kuklin, B. Lifshitz, nabanye wayebizwa ezimweni enkantolo ngoba bagqugquzela ukuba kuvukelwe amaSoviet phakathi eMoscow naseLeningrad abalobi. Yokubopha, waphunyuka ngengozi.

Ngo-1939, u-Nicholas ngabuthelwa ebuthweni. Ekuqaleni, yena waba ilungu impi Soviet-Finnish, sabe ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe wakhonza Army voenkorom iphephandaba "Red Baltic Fleet." Ngo-July 41st Chukovskiy Nikolay Yafika ihamba ngezinyawo esuka ethekwini Baltic of Paldiski baya eTallinn naye kwaba neqembu labantu eziningana kusukela Bomber 10 Air Brigade, cishe phansi ngokuphelele amaJalimane ezinsukwini lokuqala impi.

Ekwindla ka onyakeni ofanayo eduze eMoscow wabulala umfowabo omncane, uBoris. UNikolai kanzima kakhulu babhekana ngokufa komfowabo u.

Leningrad

Phakathi Siege kweLeningrad CHUKOVSKAYA ngineminyaka engu edolobheni. Khona-ke wenza nabangani nge nomcwaningi abadumile, bibliophile A. Tarasenkova. Ngo-October 1943 wamiswa njengephayona elivamile ofundisa e-General Assembly Political uMnyango Navy kweSoviet Union, umshicileli of uMnyango Navy. Omunye umlobi ngasinda ngokuyisimangaliso, ngoba indlu overstayer ngasekupheleni leonid Rachmaninoff sika, akazange ukuphatha ukukhulisa amabhuloho. Lapho ebuya ekhaya ekuseni, wabona ukuthi indlu yakhe yashaywa ngebhomu.

Ngo-1946, u-Nicholas ukuthi demobilized. Bese waqala ukuhumushela imisebenzi ezidumile abadumile abalobi angaphandle ezifana Mark Twain, R. L. Stivenson, E. Seton-Thompson, J. Tuwim nabanye.

Esikhathini 50s Chukovskij wahlanganyela Umlando. Ekupheleni kokuphila kwakhe wayeyilungu we-Union of Abalobi eU.SSR RSFSR, wakhonza njengombonisi usihlalo ingxenye ukuthi abahumushi be-Union efanayo Abalobi futhi waba "umbhali namaSoviet" ekuphathweni endlini kokushicilela.

UNikolai Chukovsky: Incwadi

Umsebenzi wakhe wobuciko waqala izinkondlo, ngokuphelele bendabuko ngesimo, indaba ephathwayo. Waqale inyatheliswe Anthology "ushkuynikov" ngo-1922 ngaphansi mbumbulu AN Radishchev, kwaba ezintathu izinkondlo zakhe: "Phakathi nayo yonke leyo domes osemqoka", "ukuze umphefumulo" nelithi "Futhi amalambu avuthayo ethempelini."

Ngawo lowo nyaka ephephandabeni "olwandulela" Ubuye eziningana izinkondlo zakhe. Wabe eseqala ishicilelwe endlini ukushicilela "Contemporary Russian", "Leningrad", "Red Crow", "Linikeza echibini", njll Gorky asekelwe kakhulu isipiliyoni esankondlo insizwa abanamakhono. Encwadini yakhe ethi kuphela izinkondlo "Ngosizo lwesikhulu esithile ipharadesi zasendle" bayokhululwa 1928.

Ngokushesha waqala ukusebenza omagazini zezingane "inhloli" nelithi "Murzilka" lapho ukubhala izinkondlo izingane, kodwa babonisa ukugxekwa akuyona ezithophayo kakhulu, bathi, bathi ababuthakathaka ke akudingekile ukuthi uwakhumbule.

Wabe eshiya izinkondlo yezingane bathathwa inoveli yakhe "Youth" (1930), kamuva ngonyaka eshicilelwe iqoqo amanoveli akhe futhi tindzaba letimfisha, "Ikhaya ilanga", bese ngo-1933 - incwadi ethi "The Tale", nomcwaningi olusemthethweni wakhuluma kabi ngabo: umbhali wasolwa khathizwe elinganiselwe.

impumelelo ezinsukwini zokudala lwalungamahora noveli "Yaroslavl" (1938) mayelana kwavukelwa emelene ngempela namaSoviet e Yaroslavl ngo-1918.

Ngemva kwempi, waba isihloko ubuqhawe yaba. Ngo inoveli yakhe "Sea Hunter" (1945) senziwa ifilimu. Omunye bhá kanye best of imisebenzi yakhe yaba noveli "Baltic Sky" (1955).

Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe

Nikolay Korneevich Chukovsky wafa 4 Novemba, 1965. Ngokusho nomkakhe uLidiya, ngemva kokudla kwakusihlwa walala ukuthatha isihlwathi futhi ungalokothi waphaphama. Ukufa indodana UKorney Ivanovich engu-83 ubudala, bekulindeleke ukubhekana nalesi simo esibuhlungu. Wabe ngokuvamile wabhala ngayo Diaries yakhe futhi izincwadi.

N. K. Chukovskogo wangcwatshwa eMoscow emathuneni Novodevichy. Wayeshade Marina Nikolaevna Reinke (1903-1993 GG.). Wamzalela amadodana amabili - UNicholas (unjiniyela-signalman) kanye Dmitri (umqondisi ithelevishini).

Ngonyaka ngosuku okwenzeka ngalo ukufa omunye "Serapion" ubhala ukuthi Chukovsky kwaba umbhali yangempela 30s, 40s and 50s, kepha umuntu ema-20, izimpawu nokuqaphela nomsebenzi wokukhonza izincwadi ezinkulu zokunambitha isilinganiso isithombe.