Bronchodilators: Uhlu izidakamizwa, imiphumela yabo futhi isicelo. Ukwahlukaniswa bronchodilators

Kumqoka kakhulu ekuphileni kwabantu mkhulu umgudu wokuphefumula. A esibuthaka sokuzivikela ezifweni, kanye nezifo ezihlukahlukene ezenza abantu nezifo zokuphefumula letsintsa ngco izinga lempilo. Ukuze ekwelapheni izifo ezifana odokotela-ukusetshenziswa amalungiselelo bronchodilators. Ngokulandelako, cabangela indlela le mithi, ngezigaba zabo kanye nokusetshenziswa yezifo ezihlukahlukene izitho zokuphefumula.

Yiziphi bronchodilators

Ukuze zihlanganisa bronchodilators izidakamizwa namaphilisi okudambisa bronchospasm bese silwa izimbangela constriction bronchial.

Ngayiphi izifo kungenzeka uthi ezinjalo, ukuwucabangela ngokwengeziwe.

Yikuphi izifo usebenzisa bronchodilators

Kunezindlela eziningana izifo okungenzeka ukuthuthukisa lezi zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Bronchospasm.
• Ukuvuvukala.
• Hypersecretion ka isikhwehlela.
• Bronchoconstriction.

Ukuthuthukiswa izimpawu ezinjalo kungenzeka lezi zifo ezilandelayo:

• COPD.
• isifuba somoya bronchial.
• Obstructive ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula oyingozi.
• Bronchiolitis obliterans.
• Bronchiectasis.
• cystic fibrosis.
• Ciliary dyskinesia syndrome.
• dysplasia Bronchopulmonary.

bronchodilators zezinhlobo ezahlukene ingase isetshenziselwe ukuvimbela bronchospasm.

izinhlobo bronchodilators

Pharmaceutical imboni ukhiqiza izinhlobo eziningana izidakamizwa kuleli qembu:

• Tablets.
• Kumasayiraphu.
• Izidakamizwa ngoba umjovo.
• Isifutho.
• Nebulizers.

Futhi kungaba yizigaba eziningana bronchodilators.

Ukwahlukanisa nohlu nezidakamizwa

1. Agonists. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa izidakamizwa ukuthi bayakwazi limise ukuhlasela ka isimiso bronchial. Ngu ukusebenza receptor adrenergic ephumula imisipha bronchi. Uma sicabangela lezi bronchodilators, izidakamizwa uhlu simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• "Epinephrine".
• "Isoprenaline".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Fenoterol".
• "Ephedrine".

2. M holinoblokatory. Iphinde isetshenziselwe ukuvimba ukuhlaselwa isimiso bronchial. Izidakamizwa kuleli qembu kungukuthi ezikhishwe bungene egazini ungenalo isinyathelo letindzala. Zingase usetshenziselwe ephefumula kuphela. Ungenza ohlwini olulandelayo izidakamizwa:

• "Atropine sulfate."
• "Metacin".
• "Bromide Ipratropium."
• "Flomax".

3. Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. Brohoobstruktsii ukunqampunwa lihlaselwa eziphumulele le bronchial imisipha bushelelezi ngu-calcium sebethule ku reticulum endoplasmic ngenxa ukuncishiswa ubuningi bayo ngaphakathi engqamuzaneni. Ukuthuthukisa ukupholisa neuropathy, umsebenzi beso. Leli qembu kuhlanganisa:

• "Theophylline".
• "Theobromine".
• "Eufillin".

Ukusebenzisa le mithi kungadala isiyezi, tachycardia, ukwehla elibukhali blood pressure.

4. stabilizers amafutha cell ulwelwesi. Isetshenziselwa kuphela nokuvimbela spasm bronchial. Vimbela iziteshi calcium ingase ukuvimbela ukungena calcium ku insika amaseli, kanjalo i- degranulation futhi histamine yabo isivuno. Ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa sekukhona, le mithi sezivele ayizwakali. Zisetshenziswa ifomu amaphilisi noma idatha imuncwe bronchodilators. Uhlu izidakamizwa simiswe ngalendlela lelandzelako:

• "Cromolyn."
• "Nedocromil".
• "Ketotifen".

5. Corticosteroids. Le mithi esetshenziswa ekwelashweni amafomu eyinkimbinkimbi somoya bronchial. Ingase futhi ingasetshenziswa ukuze kuvikelwe nempumuzo sokuhlaselwa bronchospasm. Uhlu kuzomele sifake imithi ezilandelayo:

• "Hydrocortisone".
• "Prednisolone".
• "Dexamethasone".
• "Triamitsinolon".
• "Beclomethasone".

6. Calcium channel blocker. Isetshenziselwa cupping bronhoobstuktsii. Ngenxa isiteshi calcium ivimbela i-calcium aphuthelwe cell, kuphumele ukuphumula amashubhu bronchial. Yehlisa zibe, dilates izitsha yenhliziyo kanye neuropathy. Ukuze izidakamizwa kuleli qembu zihlanganisa:

• "Nifedipine".
• "Isradipine".

7. Izidakamizwa nge antileukotriene senzo. Ukuvimba receptor leukotriene ikhuthaza ukuphumula bronchi. Sebenzisa lolu hlobo lwemithi nokuvimbela ukuhlaselwa bronchial.

Ziyakwazi kuphumelela kakhulu ekwelapheni izifo eziba umphumela ukusetshenziswa isikhathi eside ka-non-steroidal, izidakamizwa eqeda ukuvuvukala. Lesi sigaba sihlanganisa imithi ezilandelayo:

• "Zafirlukast".
• "Montelukast."

Ephetha, kufanele kusho ukuthi isinyathelo bronchodilators yayo ngqo ngokuyinhloko ukuphumula bronchi, kodwa ngezindlela ezingafani. Ngenxa yalezi zici bronchodilators, isifo ahlobene nomzimba lesiguli ethile, angabelwa ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Spirography bronchodilator

Ukuze ucwaningo iziguli ngokuvamile engenayo izifo kwezitho zokuphefumula, esimisiwe spirography. Ngokuvamile ezimweni lapho kukhona zimpawu ezilandelayo:

• Ukukhwehlela engakunqamuli isikhathi eside kakade.
• Ukuphelelwa ngumoya.
• Ukuphefumula kwakuzwakala kwesifuba, amakhwela.
• Uma uhlangabezana ecinene.

Le ndlela ucwaningo ikuvumela ukubona izinguquko wamaphaphu ivolumu nokusebenza. Le nqubo kuphephe ngokuphelele, kodwa unikeza omningi ulwazi ngenhloso ukwelashwa okuphumelelayo.

Ukuze siqhube spirography kungaba bronchodilators esetshenziswa. Uhlu izidakamizwa kungafaka ukuthaka imithi ngendlela elandelayo:

• "Berotek".
• "Ventalin".

Spirography bronchodilator sacula phambi futhi ngemuva kokuthatha imithi, ukuthola indlela thuluzi ukusebenza kwamaphaphu. Futhi, uma zisetshenziswa imithi, eziphumulele bronchial amashubhu, ke uzimisele ukuthi bronchospasm esethola noma engelapheki. Umuthi sithola nebulizer noma aerosol.

Ukususwa kwezimiso ukuhlaselwa kwakhe isifuba somoya

Misa nilalele izidakamizwa esetshenziswa somoya. Bronchodilators somoya yizidakamizwa ezibaluleke kakhulu ezidingekayo ukuze umuntu i somoya njengoba kususe ukuhlaselwa okungazelelwe kanye prophylaxis yabo. Loku kungafaka phakathi lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo bronchodilators:

• Beta-agonists.
• izidakamizwa Anticholinergic.
• "Theophylline".

Imithi ye emacembu lamabili ekucala kungcono athathwe usebenzisa i inhaler noma nebulizer.

Lapho kuba khona okuhlaselayo somoya Kuvezwe esiphuthumayo zokubasiza le njongo, emfushane-oyibamba imuncwe bronchodilators. Ngokushesha isuswe ngu bronchospasm bronchus ukudalulwa. Kungakapheli nemizuzu ethile, bronchodilators zingabunciphisa ngezimo zesiguli, futhi umphumela uyaqhubeka amahora 2-4. Ngosizo i inhaler noma nebulizer Ungasusa kuhlasela bronchospasm ekhaya. Le ndlela kwezidingo izidakamizwa ukuze umgudu wokuphefumula kunciphisa inani imiphumela engemihle, ngokungafani amaphilisi noma imijovo ziyadingeka ukuze singene igazi.

Ukusebenzisa esifushane esebenza bronchodilators ukuhlaselwa, kumelwe sikhumbule ukuthi lokhu nje ne-ambulense. Uma udinga usebenzise ngaphezu kabili ngesonto kubo, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela. Mhlawumbe kubalulekile ukuqinisa ukulawula inkambo isifo, kungase kudingeke ukuba aphinde acabange Izindlela zokwelapha.

Lawula ukuquleka bronchodilators

Ukuze ugcine ukuquleka ngaphansi kolawulo, kumele usebenzise i-bronchodilators eside esebenza. Lemisebenti ingaphindze ezithathwe ephefumula. Umthelela zizogcinwa kufika emahoreni angu-12. Le mithi ihlanganisa lokhu okulandelayo:

• "Formoterol". Kuthatha umphumela ngaphakathi 5-10 imizuzu. Ingasetshenziselwa kokususa ukuhlaselwa futhi sibaphathe. Ingasetshenziselwa izingane, kodwa kuphela ngaphansi kweso lomuntu omdala.
• "Salmetorol". Futhi ususa ukuhlaselwa ngamaminithi. Umthelela iqhubeka kufika emahoreni angu-12. Lesi sidakamizwa ingasetshenziswa kuphela ngabantu abadala.

ekwelapheni ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula

Yiqiniso, ngokuvamile nje kudingeka bronchodilators ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula. Ikakhulukazi uma isifo uye wathuthela e esigabeni esingamahlalakhona noma isimiso bronchial siyenzeka. Ukuze ekwelapheni ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula, ungasebenzisa eziningi bronchodilators. Uhlu izidakamizwa lingase libukeke kanje:

• "Izadrin".
• "Ipradol".
• "Salbutamol".
• "Flomax".
• "Eufillin".

nomphumela omuhle kakhulu ekwelapheni ukucinana kwemigudu yokuphefumula kufezwa ngokusebenzisa bronchodilators ngoba ephefumula usebenzisa nebulizer noma nesifutho. Kulokhu, bronchodilator, ezifana 'Salbutamol', uya ngqo focus ukuvuvukala futhi kuqala ukuyithonya inkinga ngaphandle kokuthola emgudwini wegazi ngesikhathi esifanayo. Lokhu kwehlisa ukubonakaliswa ukusabela ezingezinhle emuthini. Kubalulekile futhi ukuthi lezi zindlela kungaba kwenziwe futhi izingane ngaphandle umonakalo empilweni, kodwa umphumela omkhulu ekwelapheni isifo.

Futhi manje amazwi ambalwa mayelana enqabayo izenzakalo bronchodilators.

side effects

Lapho usebenzisa i-bronchodilators esifushane noma eside oyibamba awanakuziziba engemihle. Uma uthola bronchodilators esifushane esebenza - kukhona ezifana 'Salbutamol', 'terbutaline, "" fenoterol "- zingenzeka nemiphumela engathandeki:

• Isiyezi.
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda.
• Ukunyakazisa, ukuzamazama yezingalo nemilenze.
• Jitters.
• Tachycardia, palpitations.
• Arrhythmia.
• igazi Ukwandiswa ingcindezi.
• Hypersensitivity.
• Hypokalemia.

Ngasekelwa ukukhululwa ukwakhiwa, ezifana "Salmeterol" "formoterol", libhekene okulandelayo side effects:

• Eliqhaqhazelayo izandla nezinyawo.
• Isiyezi.
• Ukuphathwa yikhanda.
• Imisipha ukudikiza.
• Palpitations.
• Izinguquko in ukunambitheka.
• Isicanucanu.
• ukuphazamiseka kokulala.
• Hypokalemia.
• Iziguli somoya angagcina ezinzima bronchospasm nakuba.

Ngezinye nesenzakalo yini imiphumela emibi kufanele utshele udokotela wakho ukuze ulungise umthamo noma ukushintsha imithi.

Izimo

Kukhona izifo lapho ukusetshenziswa is contraindicated bronchodilators esebenza isikhathi esifushane. okungukuthi:

• Hyperthyroidism.
• Isifo senhliziyo.
• Umfutho ophakeme wegazi.
• Isifo sikashukela.
• Isifo sokusha.

Kufanele uqaphele kakhulu khona kwalezi izimo lapho ithola bronchodilators namanye amaqembu.

Qaphela futhi ukuthi abesifazane abakhulelwe kungcono ukhethe bronchodilators esifushane esebenza. Isikhathi lesi sidakamizwa "Theophylline" kungenziwa ayiswe 2 magama izikhathi ezingaphezu kuka-1 ngosuku. Ngaphambi ukulethwa emasontweni 2-3 kuyadingeka ukuqeda eside esebenza bronchodilators reception.

Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kungenzeka konke bronchodilators esizosingathwa izingane, nabancelisayo nabesifazane abakhulelwe.

Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa lezi imithi qiniseka bonana nodokotela wakho kuqala.

Izixwayiso

Uma bronchodilators, ukusetshenziswa kwezidakamizwa ababelwe umthamo kumele ngokuqinile waphawula ukugwema umonakalo empilweni yabo.

Ukwelashwa kwezingane nokusetshenziswa a nebulizer noma nesifutho bronchodilator ukuqhuba ngokuqinile ngaphansi kweso lomuntu omdala.

Kufanele uqaphele ikakhulukazi ekwelapheni abantu abavelele ngenxa:

• Inhliziyo isigqi thuthuva.
• High blood pressure.
• Ngifundise ngesifo sikashukela.
• I-glaucoma.

Isexwayiso kumele kusetshenziswe nezinye bronchodilators sympathomimetics. Qaphela ukuthi ingakha hypokalemia nokuphathwa concomitant nge theophylline, corticosteroids, isisu.

Bronchodilators kufanele athathwe kuphela kadokotela. Khumbula ukuthi zokuzelapha esisongela ukuphila kwakho.