Biography kanye nomsebenzi we Bloc

Adume symbolist imbongi Isiliva Ubudala, hits zonke ukholo lwakhe olungenamkhawulo esikhathini esizayo Russia kanye nabantu. Loving nokuhlupheka ukuqonda ubukhulu, indoda nangengqondo ezibanzi ukuphila ezibuhlungu. Impilo kanye nomsebenzi we Bloc afanelwe nokuligcwalisile inhliziyo.

Biography of the imbongi

Block Aleksandr Aleksandroviya, owazalwa ngo-1880, ku-Novemba 28. Beka lokuzalwa - Petersburg. Abazali bakhe: Ubaba - AL Block yuristm wasebenza e-University of Warsaw, unina - AA Beketov, indodakazi usosayensi odumile futhi sezitshalo.

Abazali balo mfana ohlukanisile ngaphambi kokuba azalwe, ngakho bakhulela endaweni enabantu umndeni njengoba yayinjalo azikaze zibe khona. Nokho, AN Umkhulu ohlangothini komama Beketov, ogama Umkhaya wethu usukhule no-Aleksandru, azungeza ingane ukunakekelwa ngenxa nokunakwa. Ngamnika imfundo enhle futhi uqale empilweni. AN yena Beketov kwaba li we nyuvesi Petersburg. Isibhakabhaka High zokuziphatha nezamasiko ezungezile zashiya izibazi kwi ukwakheka imibono nemfundo Block.

Kusukela ebuntwaneni, yabeka uthando zabuna ezincwadi Russian. Pushkin, Apukhtin, Zhukovsky, Fet, Grigoriev - Lawa angamagama obubusa usebenza iyunithi amancane lwalukhula enamathiselwe emhlabeni kwezincwadi kanye izinkondlo.

Ngakho-ke, ukuqeqeshwa

Isigaba sokuqala sale imfundo ukuze Bloc isibe esikoleni esiphakeme Petersburg. Ngemva kokuthweswa iziqu yakhe 1898 engena Petersburg University, abameli. Yena ugcina ukuqeqeshwa zomthetho ngo-1901 futhi sishintsha isiqondiso zomlando-philological.

Kwakuphakathi University, wagcina enquma lokumba emhlabeni izincwadi. Futhi, lesi sifiso ligcizelelwa indawo enhle futhi olunothile, esemgwaqweni phakathi nemfuyo kumkhulu wakhe. Ukukhulela ukuthi imvelo, Alexander nke ithathe uzwela ubuhlakani okuqonda zezwe, futhi lokhu kubonakala izinkondlo zakhe. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, futhi uqala ukusebenza lo Bloc.

Yena nonina iyunithi igcina ubuhlobo kamnandi kakhulu, uthando lwakhe kanye nenhlonipho enkulu kakhulu futhi engenamkhawulo wakhe. He is kuze kube ukufa kukamama futhi wamthumelela imisebenzi yakhe.

ukubukeka

Ukubukeka kwaso wayebhalela MA Voloshin. Wabiza ubuso Alexander Blok ecacile futhi cool, ezolile kakhulu, uma kuqhathaniswa nabangu-Greek zemabula buso. Wakhomba ukunemba kanye rigor izici zobuso, emabunzini mncane-usike, eguqa izindebe. Ngabahloma ekulondolozeni isithunzi salesi elihle abacaphuni izinwele imbongi.

Andrey Bely ichaza ukubukeka efanayo kakhulu Bloc futhi kugcizelelwa ibala enempilo, izinwele amahle awugqinsi, lesi sibalo umbukwane statuesque, eziqinile futhi ekhangayo. Wabuye ugcizelela ubumsulwa kanye spontaneity emehlweni akhe Bloc, amehlo ayo engavamile futhi elikhanyayo. Ngokuvamile ukubonakala kwakhe ebusheni eqhathaniswa isithombe Apollo. Eminyakeni yakhe ovuthiwe - ne uDante.

domesticity

Ngenxa yobuntu bakhe oshisekayo, enakekela ekahle enhle, iyunithi ifuna njalo owesifazana omuhle ayengaba reflection wakhe wonke amandla akhe nemicabango lothando. Ngoba yikuphi wakwazi ukubhala imisebenzi yakhe, obekungadala muse yakhe.

Futhi 1898, wathola lokhu. kuphela for a lifetime wakhe unkosikazi nothando kuqala sinamandla - indodakazi usokhemisi uMendeleyev, Lyubov Dmitrievna Mendeleeva (Vimba).

emshadweni wabo senzeka ngo-1903. ukuphila komkhaya kwakuhlanzekile ngokubikezela izinto ezididayo nezingathembekile nzima. uthando olukhulu Mendeleev sika wayelindele, njengoba kule amanoveli. Block inikeza kokulinganisela nokuphuza ukuphila okuzolile. Umphumela waba ugqozi umngani umphefumulo lomkakhe mate, Andrei Bely, Symbolist imbongi odlala indima ethile emsebenzini we Unit.

Imisebenzi ukuphila

Life and nomsebenzi we Bloc savela ngendlela ukuthi, ngaphezu izincwadi, iqhaza ezindabeni ngempela zezwe. Ngokwesibonelo:

• Wayengumuntu uyilungu elisebenzayo imikhiqizo okukhulu ezinkundleni zemidlalo yaseshashalazini ngisho yayizibheka njengebaluleke kumdlali, kodwa umsebenzi etemibhalo eyamdonsela ngaphezulu;

• (. 1905-1906) iminyaka emibili elandelanayo ke ungufakazi eqondile obambe iqhaza kwi-imihlangano wamavukelambuso nemiboniso;

• uqhuba ukubukeza ikholomu izincwadi ephephandabeni "Golden Fleece";

• ne 1916-1917 biennium. ukunikeza emuva Motherland kuyilapho sikhonza eduze Pinsk (nokwakha squad);

• Kuyingxenye kobuholi Bolshoi Drama Theatre;

• phezu ukufika ibutho uthola umsebenzi IKhomishane Yophenyo lezikhonzi wezasekhaya yenkosi okungavamile. Isebenza Umhleli lapho irekhodi izwi nezwi kuze 1921.

Early Works Block

ivesi yakhe yokuqala Sasha kancane wabhala emuva eminyakeni emihlanu. Ngisho nalapho, funda ezazidingeka ithalenta ukuthi kwakudingeka ukuba athuthukiswe. Block abahlangene.

Uthando Russia - themes ezimbili ozithandayo lokusungula. Blok wabhala kakhulu ngalokho, futhi ngezinye izinto. Nokho, ngendlela efanele usaqala yentuthuko kanye ukugcwaliseka ithalente lakhe eyamdonsela uthando kakhulu. Ukubona i-lady enhle eyayibheke ke yonke indawo ebanjwe wokuba kwakhe lonke. Futhi samuntu esemhlabeni imibono yakhe Wafica Lyubovi Mendeleevoy.

Isihloko uthando emsebenzini we Bloc wembulwa njengoNkulunkulu kucace ngokuphelele futhi enhle ukuthi kunzima ukuphikisa. Akumangazi ukuthi ingane yakhe yokuqala - iqoqo izinkondlo - okuthiwa "Amavesi mayelana Beautiful Lady" futhi wanikezela ke umkakhe. Ithonya elikhulu ekulotshweni lokhu iqoqo izinkondlo izinkondlo Blok kwanikela Solovyov, abafundi kanye umlandeli obani ayebabheka njengezitha.

Zonke izinkondlo ibonisa umuzwa ubufazi okuphakade, ubuhle, engokwemvelo. Nokho, zonke izinkulumo nemishwana esetshenziswa ngokubhala, kukhona ngendlela engokomfanekiso, uhlamvu ukukukholelwa. Block uyiswa e nesifiso zokudala "nezinye imihlaba".

Kancane kancane, isihloko sothando emsebenzini we Bloc akunika indlela nezindaba zangempela futhi ukuphokophela ezizungezile imbongi.

Qala ekudumazekeni

Izenzakalo wamavukelambuso, ukugula ngengqondo ubuhlobo bomkhaya, ehluleka kabuhlungu silangazelela ikusasa ehlanzekile eliqhakazile Russian ezisebenzi Bloc bashintshe ahlukile. iqoqo wakhe olandelayo ibizwa ngokuthi "Injabulo Okungalindelekile" (1906).

Ziyanda wenza bahlekisa Symbolists, okuyinto ngokwayo akubandakanyi wonke namandla nokugxeka okwengeziwe amathemba for the best okuzayo. Waba khona imicimbi wamavukelambuso, okuyinto ngokuphelele ohlangothini amaBolshevik, bekholelwa udaba lwabo nje.

Ngalesi sikhathi (ngo-1906) wanyathelisa trilogy yakhe amadrama. Okokuqala, "The Puppet Bonisa" ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, "eKing Square", abuye acedzele lokhu trio "I Stranger". Iyunithi kubhekene Awakening luhlaza kusukela ukungapheleli emhlabeni, ezibadumazayo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, uphila actress NN Volokhova. Nokho, reciprocity awutholi elingeza munyu izinkondlo zakhe, indida nokugxeka.

Andrei Bely nezinye nabalandela izinkondlo ngaphambili, ungathathi izinguquko block nokugxeka umsebenzi wakhe zamanje. Alexander Blok wahlala kwanhlanga zimuka nomoya. Wadumala futhi wadumazeka kakhulu.

"Lalela incarnation"

Ngo-1909, Blok befa uyise, naye akanayo isikhathi ngithi goodbye. Lokhu kubeka umphumela ngisho emikhulu nesimo sakhe sengqondo, futhi wanquma ukuhlanganisa zabo ezicacile kakhulu engqondweni yakhe usebenza trilogy olusankondlo, onikeza igama "trilogy incarnation."

Ngakho lokusungula Blok e 1911-1912 kwaphawulwa ukubukeka amaqoqo amathathu izinkondlo, okuyizinto amagama asankondlo:

1. "Amavesi mayelana Beautiful Lady";

2. "Injabulo Okungalindelekile";

3. "Snow Night".

Ngemva konyaka, wamkhulula uchungechunge izinkondlo uthando, "UCarmen", wabhala inkondlo "Nightingale Garden", anikezelwe wokuzilibazisa yakhe entsha - Umculi LA EDelmas.

Rodina Bloc emisebenzini

Kusukela 1908, imbongi iziveza engasesona wamazwi, kodwa njengoba vospevatel ezweni lenkaba yawo. Ngalesi sikhathi ebhala izinkondlo ezifana:

• "Autumn wave";

• "Autumn Uthando";

• "Russia";

• "Ngo Kulikovo Field".

Zonke lezi imisebenzi igcwele uthando lwezwe, ukuze lizwe. Imbongi ngesikhathi esifanayo libonisa izici ezimbili zokuphila eRussia: ubumpofu kanye nendlala, abangcwele, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, savagery, wildness kanye nenkululeko.

Russian indaba ephathwayo emsebenzini we Bloc, endaweni okwazalelwa kuyo indaba ephathwayo - omunye eyisisekelo kunazo zonke e-ukuphila kwakhe konke senkondlo. Ngaye, i-Motherland - kuyinto ephilayo, ukuphefumula umuzwa. Ngakho-ke, kunzima kakhulu, prohibitively nzima owanikwa izenzakalo we Okthoba Revolution.

Isihloko Russia emsebenzini we Bloc

Ngemva Amathrendi mbuso ka uthwebule umoya wakhe wonke, imbongi ilahlekelwa cishe ngokuphelele lyricism yayo nothando emisebenzini yabo. Manje, wonke iphuzu yomsebenzi wakhe kuhloswe Russia, ezweni lakubo.

Block limelela izwe lakhe emavesini nowesifazane, wenza kuye cishe palpable, ngempela, uma wenza okomuntu. Rodina Bloc ngemisebenzi obungaka kuthatha inani ezingaphezu kuka uthando akalokothi ubhala.

Ukukholelwa amaBolshevik neqiniso zabo, sibhekana onesihluku, cishe ukuzibulala ngaye wacasuka lapho ebona imiphumela yokuhlasela okwabakhona. Indlala, ubuphofu, ukubhujiswa, nokuqothulwa mass nezazi - konke lokhu kwenza ezingqondweni Block Island sengqondo esizonda Symbolists, izosha futhi manje kwenza ukwenzani nje usebenza satiristicheskoy, ihlaya ezinesihlungu ukholo esikhathini esizayo.

Nokho, uthando lwakhe eRussia sikhulu kangangokuthi uyaqhubeka ukukholelwa emandleni ezweni lakhe. Eqinisweni, it izovuka, bayonikina futhi uzokwazi ukukhombisa amandla akhe nenkazimulo. Block Ukudala, Mayakovsky, Yesenin kule efanayo.

Ngo-1918, Block wabhala inkondlo "Abayishumi nambili", le ihlazo kakhulu futhi elikhulu yonke imisebenzi yakhe, labo ababebanga ukuba eziningi amahemuhemu siyoxoxa. Kodwa ukugxekwa imbongi ungishiya abandayo, ukucindezeleka nascent iqala ukuncela wokuba kwakhe lonke.

Inkondlo "Abayishumi nambili"

Umbhali waqala ukubhalela umsebenzi wakhe "Abayishumi nambili" ekuqaleni kuka-January. Ngosuku lokuqala akazange ngisho aphule. Emaphuzwini akhe wathi: "Ngaphakathi shivers." Wabe wayeka ngokubhala izinkondlo, futhi siwuqede imbongi uye wakwazi kuphela 28 Januwari.

Ngemva kwale ncwadi ishintshile kakhulu Creative Block. Chaza kafushane it kanje: imbongi ilahlekelwe kuye, wafika waba inhlekelele eyabonwa yokudala, yokujama tsi.

Umqondo oyinhloko le nkondlo ngamunye waqaphela ehlukile. Othile embona ekusekeleni inguquko, ukubukwa usulu simvolisticheskimi. Othile, kunalokho, slant satirical futhi yinhlekisa oda wamavukelambuso. Nokho, block ukudala inkondlo kwakusho kokubili. Kuyinto eziphikisanayo, efana isimo sakhe ngaleso sikhathi.

Ngemva kokukhishwa kukamagazini i "The Twelve" zonke izibopho ababuthakathaka kakade abase elinqunywe ne Symbolists. Bloc waphenduka abangane cishe yonke eduze: Merezhkovsky, Viacheslav, Prischvin, Sologub, Piast, Akhmatova, nabanye.

Ngo Balmont yi kwesikhathi wadumaza yena. Ngakho, iyunithi uhlala cishe.

lokusungula post-wamavukelambuso

ezintathu kuphela imisebenzi yayenziwa eyalotshwa umlobi emva kwempi:

1. "AmaSkithe";

2. "Ezweni";

3. "Isijeziso", ayengakaze yena ungakaqedi lokubhala.

Inguquko zenzeka, futhi ngomunyu ukukhungatheka inqubomgomo kwamaBolshevik narosla nokuzikhandla. imbobo phakathi kwalokho okwakufundiswa ethenjisiwe nalokho okwakwenziwa ngenxa inguquko esinjalo, isibe babulawa ngenxa Bloc. Block kungenziwa kafushane kuchazwe umsebenzi nale nkathi, hhayi ebhalwe lutho.

Indlela batawubhala kamuva ukufa umbhali nkondlo, "amaBolshevik wambulala." Futhi lokhu kuyiqiniso. Block uyakwazi ukumelana yamukelwa futhi phakathi kwe amazwi noma izenzo zomdala uhulumeni omusha. Hhayi uyakwazi ukuthethelela ngokwami ukuze asekele amaBolshevik, ubumpumputhe yabo nokungacabangeli ikusasa.

Iyunithi ihlangabezana sokungahoshelani esiqine ngaphakathi kuye, ngokuphelele emizweni yabo kwangaphakathi nobuhlungu. Imiphumela iba yinhlanganisela yokukhandleka isifo. Kusukela ngo-Ephreli 1921 kuya ekuqaleni kuka-August, lesi sifo akusho ukukhulula imbongi, goading kuye namandla. Kuphela ngezikhathi ezithile ukuhamba nengxenye ukhohliwe uzama yokududuza umkakhe, Lyubov Mendeleev (Vimba). Agasti 7 Block wafa.

Lapho imbongi wayehlala futhi esebenza

Namuhla, biography kanye lokusungula Bloc Captivate futhi ugqozi eziningi. Indawo lapho ayehlala khona futhi akhiwa izinkondlo zakhe yaphenduka Museum. Kusukela izithombe singakwazi ukwahlulela ngesimo lapho imbongi wasebenza.

Ukubukeka ifa, lapho imbongi wachitha isikhathi sakhe, ungabona esitfombeni ngakwesokunxele.

Ikamelo lapho imbongi wachitha zikhathi zokugcina esibabayo nzima zokuphila (isithombe ngezansi).

Namuhla, imbongi wayemthanda futhi wafunda, bahlonishwe, ukuqaphela ukujula ubuqotho, okwakhe nokukhanya. Russia emsebenzini we Bloc wafunda ku wesikole, phezu izingoma sihloko bhala. Inikeza ilungelo eligcwele igama nombhali imbongi omkhulu. Esikhathini esidlule, symbolist ke izinguquko futhi ekushoneni kwelanga nje ngokujulile badumazeke empilweni namandla yomuntu awujabuli ayesesimweni ezibabayo.

Petersburg, isikhumbuzo sokukhumbula igama lombhali emlandweni futhi ngincome nenhlonipho ithalente lakhe elingenakuphikwa.