"Arisaka" - isibhamu eyenziwe Japan

Uma ngisho kancane nesithakazelo emlandweni ibutho kazwelonke, cishe angakwazi ukukhumbula okungenani ambalwa zezinhlobo yezikhali angaphandle. Eyokuqala efika engqondweni kuyinto isibhamu umshini "Maxim", umuntu ungase ukhumbule "Lewis", lokhu kuhlanganisa "Vickers" amathangi British. Kodwa lapha "Arisaka", isibhamu Japanese ezenziwe, eyaziwa alulona olwawo wonke umuntu. Noma kunjalo, le isikhali esadlala indima ebalulekile ekwakhiweni isimo yesimanje Russian.

Indlela Bonke baqala

Ngo-1914, ibutho imperial ngokushesha baqaphela ukuthi ... kuba banal anisuthi izinhlamvu, izibhamu, izinhlamvu kanye ngezibhamu .... Umkhakha kuleyo minyaka wayengakwazi usethe ukukhiqizwa inombolo ezanele ngabanye ngezikhali ezincane. Waba nendima nasemasosheni: indaba kungabonakali "ukubonisa" sikhathi omkhulu, kodwa ekugcineni wamabutho ngempela ongaqeqeshiwe lidlule.

Akwaziwa Eqinisweni, lapho omunye ojenene isiRashiya, amasosha uya round kwesokunxele isikhundla (babesaba ecasula German) wathola ... amakhulu ezinkulungwane ngezibhamu dengwane futhi amashumi ezigidi nezinhlamvu. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izikhali baye baba iyindlala, izimboni umane wayengasenakukwazi ukubekezelela ivolumu okwanda kwezintathu zomkhiqizo ekupheleni kuka-1914.

ups kwezomnotho kanye nezinkinga

Kafushane, enqumayo siswele izikhali. Bese kuthi-ke uhulumeni tsarist nginquma ukushintsha ukuba isitha sakhe sangaphambili, Japan. sokuzingela Japanese "Arisaka" kungase kutholakale phakathi neminyaka empini kahle. Ngisho Fedorov ubuhlakani Waqale wadala umshini ezweni kuqala kwakungumprofethi ngaphansi abavikela yayo. Futhi, Okumangazayo ngokwanele, kwaba Japanese abangu okuningi "wokupha!", Musa wringing izingalo zakhe abangamhloniphi uNkulunkulu imihlomulo nezindleko.

Nokho, ungacabangi yokuzinikela Japanese: yokuthi ekuqaleni kuka-35 eziyinkulungwane ngezibhamu ayehloselwe amasosha Mexican, kodwa uhulumeni wase-US ngobumnene waveza ukuthi "oda Mexican" akunakusetshenziswa akufanele kwenziwe. Ngakho ukuthi YeJapan unqume ukuthola okungenani amanye inzuzo. Omunye isibhamu "Arisaka" ithengwa inkontileka sokuqala eRussia, ekuqaleni abiza ... ruble 29. Futhi lokhu naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi izimboni zasekhaya ahlinzekwa "trehlineyki" kubiza ruble 41 per unit. Ngakho ukuthi umqondo sokuqala kwakubonakala ezilingayo.

Inkinga yokuqala kutsengwa

Ngesikhathi ekuhwebelaneni Japan yathengwa abangaba yizigidi ezine izibhamu. Lokho impela nje, amayunithi 35,000 lokuqala kuphela zazinikezwa ngesikhathi. Maduze nje Izinkinga zaqala: Mikado akazange elifuna ukudela ukugqugquzela izinqolobane yempi yayo. Ngobukhulu ubunzima, ephethwe bavumelane supply amayunithi ayizinkulungwane 200 kuphela, futhi izimo zazingcono ezilulazayo.

sokuzingela ngamunye Japanese wenzé konke imizuliswano 100. Ngemva izicelo zabo ezazilethwa eminingi sakwazi ukwandisa leli nani ... ukuze amacala 125. margin yalokhu iyize, ikakhulu ngoba wonke izinhlamvu base bebadala, ngale sikhathi sewaranti isitoreji. Baphuthunyiswe ukuhlanganisa emafektri ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi e-Korea.

Kamuva ukudiliva zazivame obala ezigugile, iziqu ubudala "isithunzi ezingabazisayo 'njengoba bebizwa ungachazwa ibutho. Kodwa babeyizinceku ithuluzi elihle ngokumelene okwenza yokwanda evilaphayo kakhulu ekukhiqizeni by imboni yasekhaya. Njengoba kuboniswa emithonjeni sikhathi, isibhamu "Arisaka" okukhulunywa ngaye, ukudalulwa elisezweni sihloko, behlome ngemibese zonke division yeshumi. Akumangazi ukuthi bona CSKA Entela wabhekisela kuwo ngokuthi "Japanese."

"China noma ngezibhamu"

Ngokushesha konke mayelana ukunikezela waphula "bargaining zamanxusa" eJapane ngesikhathi ukubeka phambili edumile "21 izimfuno" eChina, ukunikela umaluju sekuyaphela yezwe kanye nokubhekelelwa amaJapane umsebenzi kahulumeni. Ekuqaleni, osomaqhinga Russian babe ngokumelene izimfuno sokweyisa enjalo ... kodwa amabutho aseJalimane lasungula okuhlukumezayo Galicia, wabizela imigomo yakhe. Nge imvume buthule Uhulumeni Royal, China waphoqeleka ukuba asayine isivumelwano eyodwa emaceleni.

Futhi emva Japan wathatha izintambo ezweni lethu. Eziphefumulelwe kuhanjiswa engakhonondi ukuba inkosi, osomaqhinga Japanese aqala ukuyibheka njengengcono phambili "breathtakingly izimfuno sokweyisa" waveza, ngokukhethekile, ku "isicelo" ... ukunikeza bonke eMpumalanga Ekude engenza lousy kwezigidi ezingu ngezibhamu. Ukuze udumo bosomaqhinga yasekhaya, impudence ezinjalo akakwazanga ukumelana, ngisho izingxoxo mayelana esaqala ngalo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, attache Japanese kushaywa yangempela Kwahlelwa ke lezi "searchlights" ukuhweba umlingani ungacimi phambili.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Japan livumile kanye isicelo ukudayiswa ezinye izigidi izikhali. Nokho, ngesikhathi sokuzingela ngamunye "Arisaka" kakade abiza ruble 32-35. Kodwa kwaba namanje ezishibhile onobuhle yasekhaya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, Japanese waqala ukukhulula Ammo isampula evamile yesimanje.

Ngokuthakazelisayo, insabule Japanese "imodeli 30" isibhamu "Arisaka" Eqinisweni, angababulali esimfushane. Kusukela ezifuywayo "Mosinok" ngokuvamile kwaba ashaya inaliti, namasosha ayehlome izikhali "izihambi", kalula itholakala kunoma iyiphi isithombe naleso sikhathi.

abaxhumanisi Overseas

Futhi ukwazi isiphetho 60,000 "Arisaka", ekuqaleni ithengiswe Japanese England. "INkosikazi Olwandle" ngaleso sikhathi, futhi, kwaba esimweni esinzima, naphezu amandla izitshalo zayo steel. Kodwa ngamunye "English" isibhamu "Arisaka" ekugcineni kwaba okufanayo e yezikhali Russian. Iqiniso liwukuthi kuze kube sekupheleni kuka-1915, amaJalimane waphinda bandisa ecasula, kusale umbuso waseBrithani ngezikhali, kuba wethukile kakhulu ngalokhu, unquma "ivale zamaJalimane Russian ngendathane ukuphumelela." Izibhamu, yaya ezweni lethu.

Ngakho, ngo-February 1917 kwakuthiwe wathenga lemali enkulu izikhali neziqhumane kubo kakhudlwana. Lokho kuphela kumelwe ziqondwe ukuthi "Japanese Arisaka isibhamu" - hhayi imodeli owodwa. Ezweni lethu siye njalo wakhulula eziyisikhombisa (!) Of ukulungiswa zayo ezihlukahlukene, okuyinto wadala okubangela inqwaba yezinkinga ezigcina futhi ngaphandle kokuba Roll up procurers. Ngokuthakazelisayo, owokugcina ayizinkulungwane 150 "Arisaka" bathengwa ngosuku olwandulela October Revolution.

Kodwa ngemva kwenkulumo ka V I. Lenina sika "ukuthula ezweni" indaba "abesifazane Japanese" enkonzweni yempi Russian kwakusala kude ephelele. Singasho ukuthi esikhathini esizayo alwa womabili obomvu nomhlophe unogada ingxenye. Futhi impendulo ngokoqobo isikhali ndaba kunalokho sihluke bani le nkathi ifika. Nokho iningi "abasebenzisi" yayo uyavuma ukuthi isibhamu "Arisaka" (izithombe zazo esihlokweni) - ikhwalithi isikhali okuthembekile. Qaphela ukuthi Japanese "ukugcina brand" kuze 1944, lapho ngenxa ngezinkinga ezingathí sina kwezomnotho izinga izikhali ekhiqizwa ababaziwa kwancipha ngokushesha.

By the way, lokho kuyinto iphesenti izibhamu ezisetshenziswa e izingxenye uhlangothi kulwiwa? Lolu lwazi sehluke kakhulu. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ezinye ngqo ongaphansi Kolchak, lawa abehlome ngezibhamu zabo cishe abantu ngothi lwabo. Kodwa isibalo "Arisaka" ku iRed Army ezinkathini ezithile safinyelela 1/3 ye lonke inani baqashwe ngabanye ngezikhali ezincane.

Gunsmiths zithi notorious riflemen Latvian zenzeka kakhulu siphethe nje "Arisaka". Ngakho ukuthi indima kulezi ngezibhamu emlandweni wezwe lakithi kuphezulu kakhulu.

Kuthiwani 'ngokuphela Arisaka "wacabanga amasosha?

Uhlelo iwezinkanyezi nokunye. Futhi kwakuxhomeke, njengoba umthetho, lo lobuchwepheshe ezingeni fighters, izinga lemfundo, izinhlobo ngezibhamu. Uma "Japanese Arisaka Rifle" kwaba entsha ke ukugxekwa ngesikhathi wakhe cishe wayengekho. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izingwegwe ubudala babe impahla ezingemnandi, obonakaliswe "kusukela ababambelela" esangweni. Nalapha futhi, lokhu kubonakala kungeke iwayini ngezibhamu ngokwabo: okungenzeka kakhulu ukuba bazibeke icala fighters izinyanga izikhali zomuntu siqu.

Ezimweni kwakamuva yokusetshenziswa

Ngemva Yombango isibhamu "Arisaka" uhlobo 30 kwaba enkonzweni nge emazweni amaningi. Ikakhulukazi eziningi zalezi izikhali ezazisemizini yokugcina yosuku Finland futhi Estonia, lapho "Japanese" cishe jikelele umngcele onogada bebehlome.

Ngo-1941, "Arisaka" ezenziwa uhlelo ukugqugquzela ngezinye izikhathi ekhishwe nabezempi nezingxenye ezingemuva, kodwa kwandile, abazange wathola. Ngo-USSR ukukhiqizwa kwezikhali yafakwa ukusakaza, kodwa ngenxa yokuntula kwakhe kanjalo, okuyinto ayifuna ngabomvu wazizwa. Kungenzeka ukuthi ndawana-thile izikhali ezweni kusadingeka izinsalela lezi rarities. It is ukuthi batch lokugcina okusemathinini "Arisaka" wathunyelwa smelter Ukrainian Armed Forces ngo-1993 eyaziwa.

Imininingwane kawonkewonke lobuchwepheshe

Njengoba eJapane, futhi ezweni lethu, ezivame kakhulu ezimbili zama lezi izibhamu, "Uhlobo 30" (uhlobo lokuqala) kanye "Thayipha 99". Ayehlukile ngesimo sawo osezingeni. Uma "amathathu" ubudala isetshenziselwa kokudubula a igobolondo ukulungiswa ezahlukene 6,5h50, ngokuba "Thayipha 99" ehlukile izinhlamvu anda amandla lakhiwe - 7,7h58. Cishe, engavamile lesikali Japanese iye lathathwa British nabangane babo 'Lee-Enfield ".

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezweni lethu kuze kube sekugcineni ukusetshenziswa le isikhali wahlangana isibhamu "Arisaka" uhlobo 38. Lokhu ukuguqulwa yesibili, isikhathi sokuthuthuka sihlehlela emuva 1900s kwekhulu elidlule.

Ngokuqondene Ukucaciswa ke isibhamu - ke Isibonelo salokhu izikhali isikhathi sokungasebenzi kwayo, kwadingeka ezinye izici ehlukile. Umgqomo ikhiyiwe umshudo ligijima. Lesi sakamuva kwadingeka lugs ezimbili. Ekuqaleni uColonel Arisaka, owayenguyise umklami induna isikhali efana nesakhiwo nge lugs ezintathu, kodwa amaqiniso zokukhiqiza kanye nesidingo ukunciphisa izindleko sokuzingela kwaholela ekutheni izikhulu zibonise yokuncishiswa oyiyo.

Ezinye Izici

On the front stem umshudo kwadingeka isiphethu ukulayishwa ejector. kugqame Njengoba zonke esetshenziswa "Arisaka" cartridges babe Flanges (kokubili ezifuywayo 7,62h54), ngaphakathi umamukeli, ngesikhathi lwesobunxele lwaso, abethela (umsiki).

Ngesidunu, umbhede owamukelayo kanye ulwelwesi emgqonyeni ezenziwe ngokhuni. Njengomthetho, lokhu waqale wazama ukusebenzisa nut, kodwa 1944-1945, lapho isimo somnotho asempini Japan baye bahlupheka kakhulu, abakhiqizi kwadingeka ukushintshela zilwane eshibhe izinkuni, ngesidunu kwezinye izimo futhi ngaso sonke eyenziwe ongaphakeme-ebangeni ipulangwe.

Ngokuthakazelisayo Shutter knob: inkulu kakhulu, esigabeni yayo cross sifana neqanda inkukhu. Ukukhetha uhlobo onjalo kwakuyiNkosi ngenxa yokuthi wokuthi izinhlupheko ke kuye kwaba khona elula kakhulu. Ngokuthakazelisayo, entwasahlobo labadubuli pin isebangeni ngaphakathi ingxenye ijabulise we Umgadli, lapho it is kahle bavikelekile uthuli, umswakama futhi enenhlabathi. Lokhu kungenxa nokwethenjelwa eliphezulu izikhali, okuyinto ngokuphindiwe wathi kokubili amasosha ezifuywayo angaphandle.

Nalapha futhi, ngenxa yalesi entwasahlobo ethile iye yaba bazwelane kakhudlwana ukungcoliswa neziqhumane yayo umule (kakhulu 'kusukela ababambelela "zazo kakade siye eshiwo ngenhla). Nokho ngokuletha izikhali kusimo esinjalo ke kwadingeka ukuba 'bazame' ngaphandle wokuhlanza isikhathi eside.

By endleleni, "Arisaka" waba okhethekile ikhava-ikhava ukuvikela isango ekungcolisweni. Kodwa inzuzo yayo kwaba eliphansi kakhulu: ikhava njalo ngisisho ngekhanda, wadala eziningi izinkinga uma ezihambayo (kwakukhona bokulahlekelwa kanjalo), kodwa ngoba abaningi emabuthweni ngaphambi impi wakhetha le ngxenye zisuswe bese efakwa anezikhwama.

Ukuvikeleka labadubuli ngephutha

Yini enye libhekene "Arisaka" (sokuzingela)? "Izinkinobho" -predohranitel - isici kakhulu lesi sikhali. An indlela ezithakazelisayo yesenzo. Ukucupha fuse lapho yesivalo is cocked, kwakudingekile ukuba ucindezele "inkinobho" nge isakhiwo lukathayela, esisogwini ngemuva esangweni uhlangothi, bese usijikeleze ngokwewashi. Tilinganiso, kuqoshwe kuyo ibhokisi, lo mgadli ngokuqinile ivinjiwe, singavumeli ukuba hit primer.

Lo mgadli ophakamayo azithole esesikhundleni labadubuli ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho cocking yokucina. Ukushaja kwenziwa esangweni evulekile. Ukwenza lokhu kwenzeka njengoba omunye abavikela, futhi ezinhlanu, usebenzisa le njongo ezinjengenyanga ekhethekile.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi le isikhali kwadingeka nibambe slide! Yilapho nephumayo izinhlamvu yesivalo baba ngokuzenzakalelayo isikhundla rearmost, okuyinto lula kakhulu inqubo ukushaja isibhamu.

lokulwa insabule

Njengoba sishilo, le insabule kuya isibhamu "Arisaka" lwenzelwe njengoba angababulali cishe egcwele. Kukhona amacala lapho lezi ashaya esetshenziswa amasosha ethu kulo ngokuthi yiMpi Enkulu Yobuzwe. Kukhethwa Japanese wayengekho ngephutha: nomqondo inaliti ashaya futhi Bagineti ukuthi waqondisa Russian izingalo umklami, wayevele ephelelwe yisikhathi kanzima.

Kunalokho, amasosha kwakubaluleke kakhulu ukuba nesibhamu ummese umnyuziki engasetshenziswa hhayi kuphela impi, kodwa ilungiselelo nsuku zonke ngaphandle kwekamu. Ngenxa yokuthi i-insabule ukuba isibhamu "Arisaka" ezenziwe ngensimbi engagqwali, bekulokhu ethandwa kakhulu amasosha nhlangothi zombili ngaphambili. Ikakhulukazi, Veterans eziningi American kule "reserve" has ummese kusukela "Arisaka", okuyinto kwaba okuningi esikahle futhi kangcono imodeli American.

Futhi lokho bebehlome amasosha Japanese namuhla? Ngamunye izikhali ezincane kuyinto nokuhlanganisa isibhamu "Arisaka". Yena kokumethemba yakhe eminingi, kuyinto izixazululo enokwethenjelwa kakhulu futhi original lobuchwepheshe elisetshenziswa ukwakhiwa.

Yilokho ukuthi kwenzeka kanjani ukuthi izikhali ekhiqizwa ezimbonini eJapane, lapho uMbuso Russian ngokushesha ngaphambi lokulwa, baye banikela inkonzo okuphawulekayo izenzo yalwa Imperial eJalimane, bese - ekusungulweni amandla Soviet.