Appropriating umnotho - Iyini? Umnotho Appropriating: definition

Amaqiniso amaningi zomlando zibonisa umsuka indoda ezilwaneni. Enye iminyaka 2 million edlule, waqala ukuvelela phakathi kontanga yokuhamba efanayo bipedal, ngcono izandla nobuchopho. izinguquko njalo ezenzeke endaweni yokuthi kukhiqizwa ukudla okungakanani. Enye indlela ukuqinisekisa khona kwaba appropriating umnotho. Yini-ke oyikho nalokho kwaholela - kuchazwa kulesi sihloko.

Kuyini umnotho appropriating?

Appropriating umnotho - uhlobo umsebenzi yomuntu bakudala, esibonakala by esabelweni zonke izipho bemvelo ukuze isekele ukuphila. Humanity ukubhekana kusenesikhathi kwenkathi Paleolithic. Khona-ke abantu isencane, hhayi izinkinga nendlela khona zavela. Abantu wathatha ngemvelo konke ebesingakwenza, futhi kuyiqiniso. Phela, inqobo izithelo zawo, nolinda umuntu lokuqoqa kubo.

Kanjani emnothweni appropriating?

Ngokusho imfundiso kaDarwin yokuziphendukela ukuzingela nokubuthanela isintu lathathwa izilwane. Báqondiswa zemvelo izidingo, abantu ukusebenzisa umnotho appropriative. Lokhu kuqinisekiswa imivubukulo eminingi namaqiniso angokomlando. Kodwa kungakhathaliseki ukuthi abantu bokuqala kuqhathaniswa ne nezilwane, umuntu akukaze eyabiwe imithombo yemvelo "izandla angenalutho".

Ngokusho kwamaphepha zomlando, ngisho nalapho kungase kusho izigaba zokuqala ukhona, isintu kufika ngamathuluzi ahlukahlukene, okuyinto ngabe impilo nsuku zonke lula. Ngokwesibonelo, Afrika lasendulo esehlukanisa amatshe ukuze bathole imiphetho ebukhali ukuze kube lula asike izidumbu zabantu izidumbu wabulala umdlalo. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, abantu baye baklama izinto ezintsha yasendlini futhi wafunda ukusebenzisa imithombo yemvelo ngoba izidingo zokuphila. Baze kwadingeka umjovo ukuze Siwohloza izingubo zakhe ngezikhumba zezilwane.

Namanje impela isikhathi eside, zonke izizwe nezinhlanga nabantu abangu appropriating umnotho. Umnotho Ukukhiqiza sekukhona V yeminyaka kuphela. BC. e.

Izici womsebenzi

Izazi zesayensi ziye zakhomba eziningana izici ezibalulekile ukuthi ifa appropriating umnotho. Lolu hlobo umnotho libhekene izici ezilandelayo:

• isenzo ngokuhlanganyela;
• baligcine bonke abakhileyo besizwe, ukuze wonke ukwabiwa lihlukaniswe ngokulinganayo;
• Abantu nature kwencika alinganayo;
• yokunika amathuluzi kuphela esetshenziswa itshe;
• ukuthuthukiswa kanye nenqubekela phambili kwezobuchwepheshe, siqala ngejubane kancane;
• zabasebenzi kwamangqamuzana ngobudala nobulili.

Izinhlobo umnotho appropriating

Kukhona izimboni eziningana ukuthi zifakwe emnothweni appropriating. Lokhu ukuhlangana, ukudoba nokuzingela. Zithengiswe, kuyimisebenzi eyinhloko abantu lasendulo abebezingela futhi ubutha. Ngezinye zokukhula ezihlukene futhi ngaphansi kwezimo ezihluke zezulu isilinganiso misebenzi zingahluka.

ukudoba

Ngo izizwe eziningi, ukudoba yaba igatsha eyinhloko emnothweni. Isintu Iyakwazi ngempumelelo imifula, ulwandle, wafunda ukudoba in inqwaba. izinguquko eqaphelekayo ukuthola igiya ukudoba: kukhona amanetha, ingwegwe, ukugwedla isikebhe. Ukudoba lula ukuze bahlanganyele ngisho nezingane. Kwezinye izizwe ayekholelwa ebukhoneni wonkulunkulu ezahlukene ophethe sezulu noma ukunciphisa, niwalethe ngesimo ukukhiqizwa isisulu. Phakathi kwabo kukhona nabadobi.

ukuzingela

Njengoba kwasungulwa imishini emisha ukuzingela senzeka kulula futhi Akuthathanga sikhathi, futhi izizwe nawo ayengase ukuhambisa ngokushesha futhi ukuhlola indawo entsha. Abantu baqala baziqambela zonke izinhlobo izicupho, yasungulwa ekuzingeleni enophephela, saqala ukwenza izindwani, imimese, izimbazo itshe, nemikhonto.

Ukukhiqiza is kakhulu lenyuka emva ukuzingela okusungulile umkhonto throwers, okwakuwuphawu induku nge abutment. Ukuma olukhethekile umkhonto landizela njengomhlatshelo ijubane umcibisholo. Atlatl kubhekwa ithuluzi yokuqala mechanical ukuthi kwahambisana womuntu amandla kwemisipha.

Ekupheleni kwe-Paleolithic kakhulu washintsha izimo zezulu, kanti okuqinisekile ka glaciation. Abantu waqala ukufuna ezweni elisha lapho babengathola khona kahle akha bese ugcine appropriating umnotho. Ukuhlonza izindawo ezifana kwaba iphuzu elibalulekile, ngoba indlela bezinga akwanele, futhi isikhathi esichithwa usesho, ayengase alahlekelwe ukuphila wesizwe.

Ngenkathi glaciation abantu ngolunya ikakhulu reindeer futhi amahhashi zasendle. Ukubamba lezi zilwane, izizwe esetshenziswa ekuzingeleni enophephela. It bavunyelwe ukubamba inqwaba izilwane esikhathini esifushane. Esikhathini abandayo isizini izilwane ezidla inyama olukhulu hhayi kuphela njengoba ukudla. Basinike abantu izikhumba noboya ngenxa ukushisa komzimba kanye nezindlu Izindawo. Reindeer wakhonza njengephayona izindlela zokuhamba e ikhomishana nomadism kwesizini. Ngokwesibonelo, ngenkathi ashisayo, abantu sathuthela eduze emathafeni ase futhi ihlathi esishintshashintshayo babefuna ebusika. Ngenxa search izimo ezingcono eziphilayo lwesintu ukuhlola mazwe amasha.

Emva ukubaleka we yeqhwa waqala inkathi Mesolithic. Reindeer Ukunakekela izinguzunga zeqhwa, kulandele abazingeli babanyathela. Abanye abantu bahlala endaweni, yokuvumelana isabelo izilwane ezincane. I Mesolithic isikhathi isintu owasungula le boomerang, idandili lemitshoko futhi. Lezi kwentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe niyenzé eyingozi nezilwane womuntu. Futhi ngalesi sikhathi lo muntu owakwazi ukuze zilawule le isilwane kuqala - inja. Waba usizo ethembekileyo esisemqoka ekuzingeleni.

ukuhlangana

Emva ukubaleka we yeqhwa kanye ukufudumala jikelele izimo propitious sokuthuthukiswa ukubuthwa. Ngo izizwe eziningi kuba wemboni kuqala, okuyinto ugcine zonke emnothweni appropriating. Lo msebenzi nje kuphela ukufunwa ukudla, kodwa futhi ukucubungula kwabo, nokupheka. Izinto babehlangene ngoba izithelo zasendle kanye amajikijolo, amantongomane, okusanhlamvu, amakhambi, izimpande, amaqabunga, ulwelwe, ama-fungus, amaqanda ezinyoni, izinambuzane, amaxoxo kanye izibankwa, isikhuphashe, iminenke, uju izinyosi zasendle. Ngokuvamile, ukudla kwaba ngesisekelo amandla abantu bakudala, njalo ubutha ngokwalo liwumthombo eziqinile yokuziphilisa kuka ukuzingela nokudoba.

Lokhu legatsha emnothweni, iningi labo abesifazane nezingane abathintekayo. Nokho, kwezinye izimo, isibopho namanje wenziwa kuphela ngabantu. Ngokwesibonelo, ukuze abuthele zasendle uju kwakudingeka amandla ukugibela esihlahleni noma idwala. Abaqoqi futhi yasungulwa amathuluzi ahlukahlukene kanye namathuluzi ukusheshisa wokuvuna ukudla. Ngakho, kulesi legatsha emnothweni kabanzi grinders itshe, hoe, uvuna imimese.

I Neolithic revolution

izimo ezikahle zezulu ngasekupheleni Mesolithic nomthelela ekuthuthukiseni umnotho appropriative. Kule nkathi isintu lakhula ngokushesha. Izizwe ngamandla zikhule futhi waqala ukuzizwa ukuntuleka izipho zemvelo. Ngisho nezilwane umhlambi ezindaweni abahlala futhi ogwini babengenakho ukudla okwanele. Ezimweni ezinjengalezi kwakungenakwenzeka appropriating umnotho. Thola izindawo ezintsha ukuxazulula imibuzo nge ukudla kancane kuphela. Lesi isici esibalulekile ngenkathi emnothweni appropriative - umuntu ubengase zihlala ezindaweni ezisengozini izilwane nezitshalo esiphelweni. Lobu buhlobo zemvelo uzoqala cindezela ekukhuleni komphakathi kanye nezwe.

Ngo uyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ukunakwa abantu ukukhokha izimo sokusinda izitshalo esaveza izithelo eziningi: irayisi, ukolweni, ibhali. Baqonda ukuthi akusho ukuthi ufune umhlaba izitshalo zasendle, uma yenala ezweni eduze zokuhlala. Ngakho abantu aye afunda ukuyenza mbewu, ulime, zalisa izitshalo, ukuvikela izitshalo kusuka izinyoni nezilwane. Ngakho esintwini Iyakwazi ezolimo.

Ukulawula izilwane zasendle kuphetha inkathi lapho kwakukhona appropriating umnotho. Izilwane ezifuywayo avame ukusetshenziswa hhayi kuphela njengoba ngesisekelo amandla, kodwa futhi ukwenza umsebenzi odinga amandla. Ngokwesibonelo, ukutshala noma njengoba izindlela zokuthutha abantu.

Ekuthuthukeni kwezolimo futhi isilwane ukunakekela kubhekwa inqubo ebaluleke kakhulu ekuthuthukiseni lesintu. Wehlela emlandweni ngokuthi "Neolithic Revolution."