AmaViking: umzila kwesokunxele Normans e isiko European

I Normans - abantu balo inkululeko-onothando, yokuchitha isizungu kabani yathe ayeyithanda kwakungu impango kwamanye amazwe amaningana. Esikhathini esidlule, le isizwe abangophakimpi njalo ukuhlaselwa nokuseshwa amadolobha aseYurophu nemizana, ukushiswa nokuphangwa ukucekela phansi yonke into endleleni yayo. Yini okufanele lishiywe Normans e isiko European, futhi kungani behlonipha zabo ziye okuthiwa inkathi yonke? Kungani ithonya labo wawunamandla kangangokuba emakhulwini amaningi eminyaka ayezolandela, igama elithi "Viking", njengasekuqaleni, izimbangela nangokuthuthumela ezinhliziyweni zabantu?

Ayengobani amaViking?

AmaViking, noma Normans - kuba izizwe enyakatho, iningi labo wahlala eScandinavia, kanye ensimini ka Denmark yesimanje. Umkhuhlane sezulu kanye Stony emathafeni awubavumelanga wokulima umhlabathi, ngakho-ke, abakwazanga sikhule ukudla okwanele. Ngakho-ke, i-Normans ahlasela bamazwe aseduze ukuba zondle imikhaya yazo.

Ekuqaleni igama elithi "Viking" wabizwa ngokuthi umkhankaso ulwandle, kodwa ukudlula iminyaka kanye amatilosi aqala bazibiza amaViking. Kuyinto amadoda hhayi kuphela waya ezweni elisha, abesifazane futhi okufanayo, futhi iqhawe kunezimpi wazala isihloko "Valkyrie."

isiko European ngaphambi kokufika amaViking

Ngaphambi kokuvala ekutadisheni lokho kufanele kwesokunxele kuya Normans e isiko European, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi yini kwaba ngaphambi kokufika kwabo. Ngalezo zinsuku, ukuba ngqo ekupheleni VII leminyaka, Europe wahlukaniselwa emibusweni ezincane eziningi ezazenza ulingeke izizwe empini.

Umlando namasiko European kuhlobene eduze eSontweni LamaKatolika. Amandla uPapa ngaleso sikhathi kwakuwukuthola olungenamkhawulo, futhi ababhishobhi nabapristi waqiniseka ukuthi wonke ama-oda yakhe babulawa ngokunembile futhi ngaphandle Ukuxabana. Kulokhu, lezi zimiso zithinta hhayi kuphela abantu abavamile kodwa futhi yezikhulu. Phela, ngaphandle kokusekelwa yeSonto nokubusa kweNkosi noma iNkosana kungenzeka iphele kuneNingizimu ngosuku olubekiwe.

Njengoba izikole, zaba khona ngesikhathi emizini yezindela zezindela. Akufundisa khona kuphela abantwana bakwa netikhulu nabapristi esizayo. izingane Ordinary akakwazanga ukuya ezindaweni ezinjalo, ngaphandle kwalapho kunezimo ezingavamile kakhulu.

Viking Ubudala: Normans kushiya mkhondo isiko European?

Uma, ngaphambi kokuphela kwekhulu VII, amaViking ehlaselwa waphucwa ngamaqembu amancane edolobheni elingasogwini kuphela, obhekwe ekhulwini entsha, konke kwashintsha kakhulu. Kusukela Norman izizwe VIII ekhulwini waqala hlanganani ngaphansi kobuholi abaholi enamandla - amakhosi. Manje, ukuhlaselwa kwabo Kwahlelwa ukuba, olunembile nombani. Army, omunye ngemva komunye wavuma ukucindezelwa kwabo, nababusi, ngenxa yokwesabela ikhanda lakhe, ikhokhwe kubo umtselo ayakhokhela.

Akumangazi ukuthi isiko-European kakhulu nesikhathi amaViking wahlupheka izinguquko eziningi. I Normans babe amaqaba, abakhulu unkulunkulu wabo Esinye. Lolukholo ndawonye zasakazekela emazweni ayenqotshiwe, amaKristu amaningi yabusa nabo, ngoba, njengoba babecabanga, ngubani ayithandi onkulunkulu wanika Norman ibutho.

Kodwa amaViking wafunda okuningi kulokho abakhileyo zomdabu yeYurophu Anglo-Saxons futhi Franks. Lokhu ikakhulukazi isicelo izimboni efana nezolimo, ngoba Normans ezizukulwane eziningana ngemuva kule ndaba kusukela omakhelwane bayo.

Yaphela Viking sikhathi phakathi kwekhulu XI, uyasala emlandweni nemigubho eminingi nezinkumbulo izimpi ezinkulu. Ngalesi sikhathi abaningi bezizwe zabantwana Normans wayesenze amaphutha iyiswe izwekazi, ezinye zaze zaba amaKristu, futhi wakhonza esigodlweni sayo.

Alfred Veliky

Ukukhuluma ngalokho kufanele kwesokunxele kuya Normans e isiko European, umuntu akakwazi bayakhohlwa lezo zibalo edume ngokuthi Alfred Veliky. Wabusela eNgilandi phakathi nekhulu IX. Le ndoda yayihlale umholi we-Anglo-Saxons futhi isikhathi eside ukunikeza ukumelana ezinzima kuya Normans. Kuyinto ngenxa yempumelelo yakhe ekulweni amaViking, wazakhela udumo nenkazimulo nabantu bakhe, ngaleyo ndlela waba yinkosi.

Phakathi nesikhathi sokubusa kwayo Alfred waphenduka London kwelinye lamadolobha amakhulu e-Europe. Wakha port, wahlela ukuba ukuhweba mikhankaso, kuhlanganise e-India, futhi izimali eziningi umzamo ohlelweni lwezemfundo. Nguye wakhipha isimemezelo ku kuvulwa University of Oxford, kanye ihlukaniswe England ku izifunda kanye Shira.

Futhi konke lokhu Lwenziwe kuphela sibonga Normans nokuhlasela kwabo abanolaka, kamuva kwaholela ekumisweni Alfred Elikhulu.