Amaviki amabili kumntwana osanda kuzalwa: ukuthuthukiswa, irejista, isitoreji. Bangaki abangadla, ukukhwehlela, ukulala usana olusanda kuzalwa emavikini amabili?

Iningi lwakamuva, umama nobaba bathathe esibhedlela isikhalalo esincane sokukhala. Manje, uma sekusele amasonto amabili kumntwana osanda kuzalwa, akubonakali kuncane kakhulu ezinsukwini zokuqala. Izingane zikhula ngokukhipha imifino nemingcele, zijabulisa abazali bazo ngamakhono amasha.

Izici ezingokwemvelo zengane enezinsuku ezimbili

I-yellowness, ukuvuvukala nokubomvu ngalesi sikhathi kufanele idlule. Ngokuvamile ngalesi sikhathi usana olusencane alukho umthambo futhi lungasulwa. Ingane kancane kancane itha isisindo futhi ivumelanisa nendlela entsha yokudla nokuthola izinto ezidingekayo ngobisi lomama. Ekukhuleni ngalesi sikhathi ingane ayengeze okuningi (ngokuvamile ngamamentimitha amathathu ngenyanga). Ngesikhathi seminyaka emibili, ikhanda lomntwana osanda kuzalwa lithatha ifomu lemvelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuvuvukala ebusweni buso. Ngenxa yokuphikelela kwe-hypertonia, imilenze yengane nezikhali zisesimweni esifanelekile, umhlathi uyancintiswa. Baphumula kuphela ngesikhathi sokulala. Lokhu kuzodlula ekupheleni kwenyanga yokuqala. Inhloko ayikwazi ukugcina ingane yedwa isikhathi. Ngalesi sikhathi ingane ishisa kakhulu futhi igqamile, ayikwazi ukulawula ngokugcwele ukushisa komzimba wakhe. Ngokuvamile, lapho umntwana enamaviki amabili ubudala, isikhumba siqala ukubola. Kuthatha cishe izinyanga ezimbili. Ukunyakaza kwengane kule nkathi kufakwe izimo ezinengqondo, zingenakuzikhethela futhi zixakekile. Izipikili zamasonto amabili zinezikhathi zokukhula, zingadliwa. Isikhumba somntwana ezinyaweni nasezintendeni zezandla phakathi nalesi sikhathi sesomile.

Isisindo somntwana

Phakathi nesonto lokuqala lokuphila, ingane ilahlekelwa u-5-8% wesisindo sokuqala. Kusukela ngesonto lesibili, ukuvuselela kuqala, futhi ingane ihlaziya yonke imali elahlekile cishe ngosuku lweshumi. Asikho isidingo sokwethuka uma okokuqala ingane esanda kuzalwa ingafaki isisindo esikhulu, ngoba ngesikhathi sokubeletha ingane ihlangabezana nokucindezeleka okukhulu, okuphumela ekulahlekeni kwesisindo somzimba. Ekupheleni kwesonto lesibili, ingane kufanele ifake cishe ngo-150-200 amagremu, cishe amagremu angu-20 ngosuku.

Ukudla kwabantwana emavikini amabili

Isilinganiso esisodwa sesikhathi sokudla, bangaki abantwana abasanda kuzalwa kufanele badle emavikini amabili ngesondlo semvelo, ama-gram angu-80 ezinsukwini ezingu-8, nama-80-90 amagremu ezinsukwini ezingu-9 nezinsuku ezingu-10. Umthamo wansuku zonke u-1/5 wesisindo saso. Uma i-crumb ikhona ekudleni okufakelwayo noma okuxutshwe, ochwepheshe baluleka ukuncelisa ingane njalo amahora amathathu ntambama namahora amahlanu ebusuku. Umthamo wansuku zonke ubalwa ngendlela efanayo.

Uyazi kanjani ukuthi umama wakho unobisi obanele?

Uma ingane iziphatha ngokuthula, ilala kahle, ivame ukufaka isisindo futhi iqiniseke phakathi kokudla okwamahora amabili, ngakho akufanele ukhathazeke. Inombolo yokugcoba ngosuku kufanele ibe okungenani 15. Uma i-crumb iziphatha ngokungenasici, yenza ngcono isisindo, kufanele ulinganise inani lobisi. Lokhu kulula kakhulu: okokuqala, ngaphambi nangemva kokudla, kubalulekile ukuhlukumeza ingane bese isisindo, futhi okwesibili, ukuveza ubisi ebhodleleni bese ubona ukuthi umntwana osanda kuzalwa usedla kangakanani emasontweni amabili.

Yini okufanele ngiyenze uma ingane yami inesifiso esibi?

Kunezizathu eziningi zokuthi ingane ingadla kabi kanjani:

• Ukunikezwa kabi kobisi.
• Umama akanalo ubisi obanele.
• In the ingono ibhodlela incane kakhulu umgodi.
• Ingane ine-stomatitis noma i-thrush, ebangela izinzwa ezibuhlungu.
• Ukungqubuzana kwe-nasal.
• Isisu sigula (colic, ukuqotshwa).
• Ingane ayithandi ukunambitheka ubisi. Lokhu kwenzeka uma umama ethanda ukudla okunomsoco nosawoti.
• Ifomula ekhethiwe ayifanele ingane.
• Ubisi ebhodleleni lokushisa okungafanelekile.
• Ingane iyagula.
• Kunomkhathi omubi ekamelweni (umsindo, okhanyayo, okhululekile).
• Ukubhema komama (lapho ukubhema kushintshe ukunambitheka ubisi ngenxa yezinto eziyingozi ezingena kuwo).
• Ifomu engalungile yezingono.

Ukuthola isizathu, kulula kakhulu ukuxazulula le nkinga. Kodwa kuzo zonke izimo ezingenhla kubalulekile ukwenza izinto eziningana:

• Kubalulekile ukufundisa ingane ukuba idle ngokuvumelana nombuso. Ngakho kuyoba lula hhayi kuphela kwengane, kodwa kumama uqobo.
• Awudingi ukuwuqeda bese uyadla, kuthatha isikhathi ukujwayela imithetho emisha.
• Kubaluleke kakhulu ukulandela ukudla.
• Ukuhamba emoyeni omusha emizuzu engu-15-20 kuzosiza ekusebenzeni isifiso sokudla.

Uma umama engaboni izizathu ezinzima zomntwana ukwenqaba ukudla, kodwa kusekhona izinkinga zokudla, kufanele axoxe nodokotela wezingane.

Usihlalo wengane enamaviki amabili

Lapho usana olubeletha lungamaviki amabili ubudala, isitulo siba njalo, futhi ukuvumelana kwayo kuguquke kancane. Phakathi nalesi sikhathi ingane ingasuswa cishe izikhathi ezine ngosuku. Umbala wesitembu ubuphuzi, futhi ukuvumelana okuhambisanayo kuyi-mushy.

Omama abaningi bayazibuza: Ingabe bekukhona amasonto amabili ubudala kumntwana osanda kuzalwa, kungakanani okufanele akhonze? Ayikho impendulo eyodwa futhi eqondile kuyo. Umama ngamunye kufanele azi ukuthi izinkinga zesitokisi (kanye nokubuyiswa kabusha kanye ne-colic) ngeke kudlule kuze kusetshenziswe uhlelo lokugaya ingane futhi lisetshenziswe. Ngokuvamile lokhu kwenzeka emva kwezinyanga ezintathu ubudala. Uma ingane iningi elingenalutho, icindezela imilenze esiswini, bese lokhu kuyisibonakaliso se-colic. Ngokuvamile, ziqala lapho umntwana wezinyanga ezimbili enamaviki amabili ubudala. Indlela engcono kakhulu evela kubo ishaya isisu eduze kwesoveli, amanzi e-dill, ipayipi yegesi futhi, ngempela, uthando lomama nokunakekelwa.

Kumntwana 2 amasonto. Izimpendulo eziyisisekelo

• Ukucabanga kwe-Galant. Uma ubamba umunwe eduze nomgogodla, ingane ivulela emuva.
• Ukusekelwa kwe-Reflex. Uma izinyane lithinta ubuso ngezinyawo, uyazigoba ngokushesha futhi ziziqondise, zizincike ezinyaweni.
• Ukuhamba kwe-Reflex. Uma ngesikhathi sokubonakaliswa kwe-reflex ukwesekwa ukugoba kancane ingane, khona-ke uqala ukuhlunga imilenze.
• Ukuhamba kwe-reflex. Uma uyibeka esiswini sakho, ingane iqala ngokunye ukugoba imilenze, futhi uma ubabeka isandla, ingane izozama ukususa.

Amasonto amabili kumntwana osanda kuzalwa. Ukulala nokuvuka

Izingane ezinamaviki amabili zikhulelwe ngokushesha kakhulu kusuka ekuzweleni okusha, ngakho isikhathi sokuvuka asikhuphuki ikakhulukazi kusukela ngesikhathi sokuzalwa. Isikhathi sokulala komntwana emavikini amabili amahora amaningana. Ebusuku, ingane ingavuka ukuze idle, njalo amahora amathathu, kodwa ngokuvamile ubuthongo bokulala buba ngcono futhi bude. Omama abasha bavame ukubuza lo mbuzo: "Kungakanani ingane okufanele ilele"? 2 amasonto ubudala lapho umntwana elele kusuka emahoreni angu-16 kuya kwangu-20 ngosuku, izikhathi zokuvuka phakathi kokulala zihlala isigamu sehora.

Kunezimo lapho kufanele kuthiwa ingane inenkinga yokulala:

• Ingane ilala ngaphansi kwamahora angu-15 ngosuku.
• Isikhathi sokuvusa singaphezu kwamahora amane kulandelana.
• Ingane ilele kabi futhi ivuke ngokushesha.

Izizathu eziyinhloko zalokhu kuziphatha kwengane kungaba:

• Ukuphazamiseka okubangelwa indlala noma i-diaper engcolile;
• Ukushisa okungakhululekile ekamelweni;
• Ukukhanya kakhulu;
• Umsindo;
• Colic noma isifo.

Uma umama wakho engakwazi ukuthola imbangela eyedwa, kufanele uxhumane nodokotela wengane yakho.

Ukubona kwezingane emasontweni amabili

Wonke umama unesithakazelo ukuthi yiziphi izitho zokuzwa usana olusha (amaviki amabili) lujabulela kakhulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kokubona, ukuzwa kule nkathi kuguqulwa ngokugcwele. Lapho uneminyaka engamaviki amabili, umbono wengane usanda kucaca, kodwa usaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa. Ubuso bomntwana buyakwazi ukubona futhi bugxila kuso ebangeni lama 20 cm. Okukhangayo kunazo zonke izinwele nomlomo womama noma ubaba. Usana lwakhe lusakwazi ukuhlukanisa umama wakhe ngokuyinhloko ngephunga. Kodwa angakhumbula kakade ubuso. Iningi lazo zonke izingane kule minyaka zifana nezinto ezikhanyayo, ezihambayo, ikakhulukazi ezibomvu. Ngomntwana ngalesi sikhathi umbono awuhlanganisiwe, kungaba khona ukushayisana okuncane, kuyo akukho lutho olwesabekayo.

Amakhono ayisisekelo wengane emavikini amabili:

• I-crumb ingabona abazali futhi ilandele ukuhamba kwayo.
• Ingane ngezinye izikhathi inomomotheka ongathandeki.
• I-crumb ingalandela ukuhamba kwedoyi elikhanyayo.
• I-kid ingaphenduka ikhanda elizwakalayo kumama kamama noma ukukhala kwekhanda.
• Ungakwazi ukwakheka ama-grimaces amahle ngokuzibandakanya futhi winkinga.
• Ingane enezinyanga ezimbili ingakwazi ukubona umama nobaba.

Izinzwa ezithinta ingane

Ngesikhathi ingane esanda kuzalwa inamaviki amabili ubudala, isikhumba sakhe sibucayi kakhulu futhi samukelekile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuthuthukiswa kwengane kuncike ekutheni umama uxhumana kangakanani naye ngolimi lokuthinta. Ezwa ukuthi umama useduze, umntwana uzizwa ephephile ngokuphelele. Ngakho-ke, abazali badinga:

• Ngokuvamile ngangokunokwenzeka ukuthatha imvuthuluka ezandleni zabo;
• Hamba izingalo nemilenze yengane;
• Yizishaza emuva ngemuva kusuka phansi kuze kube phezulu;
• Uma ushintsha izingubo, ungagula ingane, uyivuthe esikhumbeni.

Ukuzwa kwezingane ezinamaviki amabili

Zonke izitho zomzimba zengane, kuhlanganise namahemuhemu, kulesi sigaba kuze kube manje zikhula kuphela. Okuthuthukisiwe kakhulu kule nkathi kuwumqondo wokuhogela, ukuzwa okungenani nokubona. Kodwa, kusukela ngeviki lesibili lokuphila, ingane iphendula umsindo ngokukhululekile kunangaphambili. Lapho umntwana ephenduka amasonto amabili ubudala, uzwa imisindo ngokucacile futhi angagxila kubo. Amathiphu omama esikhathini sokubunjwa kokuzwa kwengane:

• Udinga ukuhlabelela izingoma ezinhle nezingoma;
• Khuluma nomntwana;
• Ngengane ukukhuluma ngethoni ethule, ngoba phakathi nalesi sikhathi izingane zizwela kakhulu ngezwi, ngakho-ke azikwazi ukukhala kunoma yikuphi;
• Vikela ingane emacinini ahlabayo, aphezulu awesabayo;
• Bonisa amacucu kumathoyizi omculo;
• Zama ukuvula i-TV phambi kwengane, ithukusa isimiso sezinzwa zemvuthu.

Ukunakekela ingane enamaviki amabili

Futhi ekugcineni, amathiphu ambalwa okubazali abasha ukunakekela ingane esanda kuzalwa.

Inxeba ye-umbilical

Ukuhlala kwe-umbilical kuyanyamalala ngosuku lweshumi loku-4-10 lokuphila. Ngokuvame ukwenzeka ekukhuculweni esibhedlela kuyindawo encane, ehlanganiswe ne-crust, ewela phansi phakathi kwamasonto amabili. Isilonda se-umbilical siphathwa izikhathi ezingu-2 ngosuku nesisombululo se-hydrogen peroxide. Ukwelashwa kufanele kwenziwe emva kokugeza. Qiniseka ukuthi uthintane nodokotela uma:

• Inkaba iyaba manzi, ivuvukala, ihlwitha, ihlaba iphunga;
• Ukukhipha igazi kusuka kwinkaba;
• Kukhona ukumbumbuluza kwenzalo;
• I-crust ayidlanga isikhathi eside.

Isikhumba sangaphambili nesomile

Isikhumba esomile sezingane ezinamaviki amabili sijwayelekile, esingadingi ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe futhi sidlula ekuqaleni kwenyanga yesibili. Ukuze ukuphuthumayo, vele ugibele usuku lonke.

Ukuvimbela ukukhwabanisa kwe-diaper:

• Ukugeza ingane ngemuva kokuya kolunye uhlangothi endlini yangasese, kanye nasebusuku nasekuseni;
• Ukucubungula kahle yonke imibimbi;
• Ukuguqulwa okwesikhashana kwe-diaper;
• Ukugeza ukufakwa kwechungechunge;
• I-Cream kusuka emidlalweni ye-diaper njengoba kudingeka;

Uma udokotela wezingane uthola ukukhwabanisa kwengane yomntwana, udinga:

• Sebenzisa amafutha anikeziwe;
• Khetha insipho ngaphandle kwama-perfume, ukhilimu osekelwe emanzini;
• Hlela ama-bath air airs;
• Sebenzisa kuphela izindwangu zokotini;
• Nika ama-diapers.

Injabulo kanye nokubonakala okusha okukhanyayo wena kanye nosana olusanda kuzalwa!