Amakhomikhali ama-boilers aqinile: idivayisi, isifunda kanye nezinhlobo

Isici esibalulekile sokusebenza kahle komshini wokushisa oshisayo kanye nokwakhiwa kwezimo ezidingekayo zokushisa okushisa kuwo kuyisimiso esilungisiwe kahle, ngaphandle kwalokho ukugxila ngeke kwenzeke eyunithi, okudingekayo ukususa imikhiqizo yomlilo.

Isimiso esiyinhloko somsebenzi wekhwalithi we-boiler flue wuhlaka oluhle kakhulu. Kucatshangwa ngokusekelwe ngesivinini sokuthuthukiswa kwegesi yeflue ngokusebenzisa umshini. Uhlaka luxhomeke ekugqibeni kobuso, ukuphakama kwesimiso, isigaba sangaphakathi kanye nokwahlukana emazingeni okushisa omkhiqizo womoya kanye nemikhiqizo yomlilo. Kuyadingeka ukuthi umshini ube ngumuthi wokumelana nomlilo, ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu futhi uhlome ngokuhambisana nemithetho yokuphepha komlilo. Njengoba izingxenye ezihamba phambili ze-boilers ezahlukene azifani, ububanzi be-flue ye-fuel boiler eqinile kufanele kukhethwe ngokuhambisana nepasipoti yezobuchwepheshe (imfundo) enikezwe umenzi wemishini.

Kuthemba

Ngakho-ke, yimuphi umdanso? Ukwehla - isici se-chimney, esibonisa ijubane lokuhamba kwamaflue gesi kulo. Kubonakala ngenxa yokuthi umehluko emazingeni okushisa (ukushisa kuya phezulu) nokucindezela phakathi komgwaqo (umkhathi) kanye negumbi lapho i-boiler ifakiwe khona. Kumele futhi kucaciswe ukuthi ngaphezu kwezici zekhwalithi ze-traction ne-quantitative - le pharamitha ithonywe kakhulu ububanzi besimiso somshini wokushisa oqinile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukusungula ngokuqondile kuxhomeke kakhulu ekuklanyeni (ukuphakama, ukungenisa umoya omusha, ukujika, izingxenyana).

Ngokuphelele zonke izinhlelo zezingqimba, lo mgqa unqunywa yizici eziningana eziqhubekayo: izinga lokushisa lomoya, i-flue gases; Uhlobo lokushisa ngaphakathi nangaphandle kwekamelo.

Kunokuba igumbi lifudumala, futhi umgwaqo ubanzi, ukuhamba kahle kungaba nezitshalo zamanzi abizayo. Lokhu kungachazwa ngukuthi isibalo somoya obandayo kunomoya ofudumele, okusho ukuthi umoya oshisayo unomfutho ophansi wekholomu yegesi. Lesi sici siqinisekisa ukubonakala komshini wokucindezela ngaphandle nangaphakathi kwipayipi. Uma isakhiwo singasebenzi, khona-ke ngaphansi kwesakhiwo ngenxa yokwehlukana kwengcindezi kukhona ukugeleza komoya okuqondiswe ngaphakathi. Umoya ofudumele uphoqelelwa ngaphandle nokuphuma ngaphandle kokuvulwa kwesakhiwo, futhi umoya obandayo ungaphakathi ngenxa yezimbobo ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Kukhona umoya womoya wokungenisa umoya.

Kumele kukhunjulwe ukuthi izindawo zomusi azihlali njalo, njengoba ukushisa kwama-fuel boilers okuqinile kungalingani, ngokulandelana, izinga lokushisa kwe-flue gases lihlukahluka kakhulu (kuma-boilers alahlekelwe amalahle - 400-600 ˚С, nasezikhunjini zamathuni 70-300 ˚С). Ukushisa komusi kuyanda ngokukhawuleza lapho ubheyili ishaywa futhi kunciphisa emva kokuba umsebenzi uqaliswe kumodi evamile yokusebenza. Lokhu nakho kunomphumela ekuthandeni.

Ubude be-chimney bubambe iqhaza elibalulekile lokuthambisa. Ngamanye amazwi, ama-flue gases afudumele, lapho ekhuphuka ezingxenyeni eziqondile, athole isivinini esithile, futhi lokhu kunikeza ukwanda kwegesi lokugeleza kweglue ngaphakathi komshini. Kukhona nesimiso esicacile esiqinisekisa ukuthi kuncike ekutheni kube nokushelela izindonga, isigaba nobude bomkhumbi, izinga lokushisa kokubili emgwaqweni nasendlini.

Ukuklanywa kwekhanda

I-nuance elandelayo ebalulekile iyisetshenziswa se-chimney. Inani elingaphansi lama-zaugments, izingxenye ezingezansi, lijika, ngakho-ke lohlaka luzoba ngcono. Lokhu kubangelwa ukuthi ama-gesi avela ebhodini akhuphukela phezulu ku-chimney, kanti lapho kuguqulwa ukuguqulwa kokuhamba kwamagesi e-flue, futhi ukuxuba kwabo kujwayelekile. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, umkhumbi, onomvuthwandaba wezindonga, ukuqhuma noma ukugoba, kudala ukumelana ne-gas gas vortices efaka kuyo.

Ukudweba isiphetho esivela ngenhla, singasho ukuthi okukhethwa kukho okungcono kunazo zonke kubomvu kuyoba yindilinga, isigaba esinqamule, sibe nezindonga ezibushelelezi. Uma kungenakwenzeka ukukhanda isakhiwo esinjalo, singenziwa sakhiwe emaceleni, sikwele noma se-oval, ehambisana nesigaba. Ngendlela, emagumbini omkhumbi, onomumo onxantathu, ama-vortices akhiwa, futhi lokhu kuphazamisa ukuhlelwa kwemvelo futhi kukhuthaza ukuqoqwa kwensipho emshinini.

Esikhathini esihleliwe kukhona okungafani. Isibonelo, ukunciphisa okwesikhashana kwe-traction, ukuguqula okuphindaphindiwe kwenzeka kaningi ehlobo, lapho kusetshenziselwa ukushisa nokushintsha kwezinga lokushisa emgwaqweni nasendlini. Kukhona futhi i-rollover noma i-blowout. Indima ebalulekile kulezi zinkinga idlalwa yidivayisi yesikhumbi.

I-anemometer iyisidingo esikhethekile sokulinganisa. Kungaba yedijithali ne-analog. Ngokuvamile lisetshenziswe ngabahloli bezimo ezifanele. Ekuphileni kwansuku zonke, indlela yokukhishwa kweshidi ngokuvamile isetshenziselwa, kodwa ayihlinzeki ngemiphumela enembile, kodwa ibonisa ukuthi kukhona khona noma ukungabikho kwe-traction ngayinye.

Izici zekhwalithi ezithintekayo

Kungenzeka ukuhlukanisa amaqiniso ambalwa abalulekile afakazela izinga lekhwalithi ye-thrust:

• Ukuzithokozisa nomsindo ku-chimney - ukulandelana ngokungadingekile: kufanele ulungise ukugxila, usebenzisa isango;
• Umoya uqoqwa ekamelweni ngemuva kokuphuma emlilweni wesithando somlilo - izinga elingalungile lokugxila: kubalulekile ukuvula isango, ukwandisa ukugeleza komoya egumbini lapho kubhekwa khona ibheyili.

Uma kusetshenziswe ibhuyili uhlelo oluthile lungabuthakathaka futhi ilangabi libomvu, umusi uqhuma, umswakama awunamsebenzi, kufanele sigxile kulezi zinhlayiya:

• Ukuphakama komshini: isheke senziwa ngokusebenzisa i-anemometer, engcono kakhulu ngaphambi kokusebenza komshini wokushisa;
• Isigaba somshini: ukuqinisekiswa kwenziwa ngokuqhathanisa nesigaba se-chimney nesigaba sokuphuma ku-fuel fuel boiler;
• Ukugeleza komoya ngaphakathi ekamelweni elinemishini yokushisa: kubalulekile ukuhlola ukuthi ngabe ama-douchebags avinjelwe, ngabe ama-grilles ahlanganiswe uthuli;

I-Soot: umbuzo wokutholakala kwawo uyingqayizivele, konke kuxhomeke ekuklanyeni kwebhayili kanye nohlobo lwephethiloli, kodwa kunoma yikuphi ngaphambi kokuqala kwenkathi, hlola izimbobo zokuhlola.

Izinhlobo zeziteshi zomusi

Izitshalo kufanele zenziwe kuphela ngezinto zokwakha eziphakeme futhi eziphephile.

Izinhlobo ezilandelayo zezingqimba ziyahlukaniswa:

• Brick;
• I-Metal;
• I-Ceramic;
• I-Glass.

Izitshalo ezenziwe ngezitini

Le ndaba yokubeka isiteshi somusi isetshenziswe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Izitshalo zezitini zama- boilers eziqinile zogesi zingaxhunyaniswa nama-boilers endaweni ephakeme futhi zivumele ukugibela izithiyo ezincane. Kodwa-ke, kunesici esisodwa: uhlelo lwama-classic lwe-chimney oluvela kulolu chungechunge lubonisa ukuthi luzoba nobukhulu obuningi nosayizi, futhi lokhu kuzodinga umzamo omkhulu. Kumele futhi kucatshangelwe ukuthi isitini asikwazi ukumelana nokushisa okungaphezu kuka-500 ° C.

Ukuhlelwa okuphelele kwe-brick chimney, okude ubude obude buyi-10 m nobubanzi buka-140 mm, okufaka i-asbestos-samente efakwe kumabhule angu-23,300.

Metal chimneys

Izitshalo ezinjalo ze- boilers eziqinile zamafutha zenziwe nge-stainless and black steel. Izakhiwo ezenziwe ngensimbi emnyama azizinzile ezindaweni ezinonya, ngakho-ke azithandeki ukusebenzisa. Ngokusebenza okuqhubekayo kwebheyili, i-pipe ye-chimney efanayo, intengo ephansi kakhulu, izoba ngokushesha futhi ingabi namandla futhi ingozi yomlilo yendlu yakho.

Izindleko zamapayipi zixhomeke ebangeni lensimbi elisetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza. Ngakho-ke, i-1 m yepayipi yensimbi enamandla kakhulu engabizi kakhulu nge-115 mm inenani lama-ruble angu-400. Ipayipi efanayo eyenziwe yensimbi ye-AISI 439 ngokufaka izindleko ze-titanium kusuka kuma-ruble angu-800 ngomitha.

I-ceramic chimneys yama-boilers aqinile

Ukuzikhethela okukhulu kwe-fuel boiler eqinile. Izitshalo ezenziwe ngezimbali zinezici ezilandelayo:

• Abesabi i-condensate;
• Yiba ne-refractoriness ephakeme (izinga lokushisa eliphakeme elivumelekile lamagesi e-flue yi-1200 ° C);
• Ukuphikisana nokucindezeleka komshini;
• Amelana nomthelela wezenzakalo zasemkhathini.

Izitshalo ezenziwe ngeglasi

Izitshalo ezinjalo zingavamile kakhulu, zibhekwa yi-inertia ephansi yokushisa, esikhundleni sokubukeka okungenakuqhathaniswa nokuntuleka okuphelele kokushisa. I-pipe yemifino efanayo, intengo ephezulu kakhulu, ayitholakali kuwo wonke umuntu. Kufanele kuhlolwe hhayi kuphela izindleko eziphezulu zezinto ezibonakalayo, kodwa futhi nezindleko eziphezulu zokufakwa kwalesi chimney.