Alexandrovsky futhi Ekaterinsky Park Pushkin

Vele amakhilomitha amathathu ukusuka eMoscow lingumuzi Pushkin. Ngokokuqala ngqá ke ohlala kuso kuyakhulunywa ngaso imibhalo ngo-1499. Iqiniso ngalezo zinsuku kwaba emzaneni, okuyinto wawusempumalanga yezohwebo eya Yaroslavl, Pereyaslavl futhi Vologda.

Lokhu edolobheni elincane udume umhlaba wonke ngoba izigodlo zalo namapaki. Izivakashi ezivela emakhoneni ezahlukene zomhlaba ukuza yangaphambili Tsarskoye Selo, ubunyoninco yobuciko yezakhiwo kanye amapaki enchanting futhi izingadi. Kulesi sihloko sizoxoxa ngazo.

epaki Private

Uma unesithakazelo, okuyinto amapaki ingatholakala Pushkin, sincoma ukuthi uqale ukuthola etholakala engxenyeni eseningizimu Pushkin, kuya kwesokudla Sofia Boulevard, ipaki yangasese. Ibanga kuya Pavlovsk. Namuhla it is more esivame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Lower Park. Ngo Pushkin ke kukhawulwe ensimini Pavlovsk futhi eMoscow onguthelawayeka, wesitimela.

Ngokungafani nezinye amapaki emzini, ababekade Imperial Ipaki lahlukaniswa laba ehlukile, nsimu ecezile. Ngakho-ke lethiwa. Ngo-1825, endaweni amanzi lapha bemba Kolonistsky echibini, ngisho kancane ngaphambili ngakolunye uhlangothi lwesigodlo yakhiwa kuleli isitayela English Duke Boris Vladimirovich.

Ipaki Babolovsky

Kuyinto kwepaki encane kunawo wonke waba Pushkin. Babolovsky epaki - kunazo zonke kwezingu-izingadi yasebukhosini, elise Tsarskoye Selo. Igama layo livela ngomzana, itholakala eseduze futhi okuyinto wazala igama Finnish Pabola. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, lokhu siguqulelwa "Babolova".

Ngokuyinhloko wayengumuntu Ukwakheka kwakheka 1860s. Lesi siqiwu njenge "English" kakhulu Tsarskoye Selo. It sidalwe ezizukulwane eziningana abanikazi, imali kakhulu kulo msebenzi. Lokhu epaki Pushkin (isithombe bona ngezansi) ubelokhu iholidi endaweni oluthandayo Emperors u-Alexander II, kanye enkulu Empress Alexandra Feodorovna.

izakhiwo

Ekuqaleni, lathumela epaki izindawo kwakungafanele eziningi: ngokuyinhloko Babolovo Palace, Aleksandru Staro-Krasnoselskaya Gate (manje elahlekile), ebhentshini itshe eduze esigodlweni, eCrimea ikholomu futhi Milepost. Indima ebalulekile kukhala lokwentiwa yimikhakha ubunjiniyela: Baursky isiteshi sivale indlela engena emgedeni "Monk" Isiliva Echibini Babolovsky echibini nge bridge-damu, a sivale indlela engena emgedeni e Babolovskiy esigodlweni amabhuloho.

Budebuduze mlando ungabona laseSiberia ikholomu YaseCrimea. isakhiwo esihle eyenziwe yocezu olulodwa Ural zemabula blue ne emithanjeni emhlophe. It libhekisela Ensemble yezakhiwo ezikhumbuzo ukuthi zanikezelwa ukunqoba Russian phezu Turkey. Ekuqaleni kukholamu eyayibekwe noCatherine Park futhi kamuva (1817 g) ke wahlanganiswa Babolovskiy.

Lokhu park olunothile e Pushkin oqhubeka indawo Babolovskiy yayo emanxiweni asesigodlweni ezilungele Babolovskiy esobala enokukhanya kwelanga. Lapha, ngakho ngaphambi kwempi, isikole yafakwa 100 th Attack Aviation Brigade, eyayisekelwe esikhumulweni sezindiza, esemgwaqweni eduze. Ngakho-ke, kusukela ezinsukwini zokuqala zempi, esigodlweni yashaywa ngebhomu futhi yayithonywe kakhulu ezilimele.

Ngo-2015, lesi epaki Pushkin sathathwa ngesikhathi State Museum "Tsarskoye Selo" Okusele. Namuhla, yena unalo ithuba sangempela ukuze alulame.

Catherine Park Pushkin

It liqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: a landscaped engadini isiZulu kanye nensimu njalo ubudala. Lesi sakamuva lakhiwa 1720 emabhentshini amabili phambi kwendlu yakhe. It sidalwe amakhosi owaziwa ukusebenza Garden Art J. Roozen futhi I. Vogt. Ngesikhathi epaki abangu sibonakalisa echibini onqenqemeni lwesithathu.

Phakathi nokubusa Empress Elizabeth epaki Pushkin sanwetshwa, washintsha uhlelo lwakhe, uvele zemabula ebaziwe. Kwaba isikhathi esiningi emelelwa imisebenzi Okugweda Venetian. Ngaphambi esigodlweni uvele lace parterres futhi ukunqampunwa bosquets. Ngu Rastrelli emadokodweni engadini esakhiwe "sivale indlela engena emgedeni" futhi "Hermitage".

Engxenyeni kwekhulu XVIII yesibili aqala ukufiphala isithakazelo epaki njalo. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kwakheka landscape noma engadini isiNgisi 1770s uya eningizimu-mpumalanga ye-Old Park. Ukwakha lalisebenzisa izibonelo best of English landscape amapaki. Ingadi wagcwala izakhiwo lathumela, izinto eziqoshwe ngamathambo ezindlovu obufakazela yobukhulu uCatherine II.

Park Iminyaka yangemva kwempi

Phakathi Okwesibili kweMpi Yezwe Catherine Ipaki e Pushkin inzuzo kakhulu ezilimele. Nokho, ngo-1948-ke, lavulwa umphakathi. Ukulula kuleli paki amahle ngasekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo noma ehlobo, uyojabulela ukubukwa futhi iphunga ezizungezile zom, bheka amadamu yokufakelwa, donsa nephunga pine izinaliti, Lilac wavuka okhalweni. Futhi nakanjani uyijabulele umhlangano omkhulu nge izingwejeje cute. Siyaqiniseka ukuthi nawe uyokwaneliswa sishaywe umoya.

Alexander epaki

Lesi siqiwu eyakhelene Pushkin Catherine Palace futhi usesikhundleni nsimu enkulukazi - mayelana 200 amahektha. Ngisho ngezikhathi Catherine mina komhlaba ngemuva esigodlweni (nehlathi lemvelo), ebiyelwe futhi salungisa izimpahla libe menagerie izilwane zasendle. It ekuzingeleni wasebukhosini aphethwe. Esikhathini maphakathi nekhulu XVIII ke esasikuyo manje nayo yayibiyelwe ngodonga lwamatshe, futhi eyakhelwe okuvimbezela emakhoneni. Ababili kulabo ayebafundela kwakungabantu emadokodweni kuyajabulisa. Phakathi zoo kanye nesigodlo waqala ukwakha ingadi entsha nge izindlela sawela crosswise.

New noma Upper Alexandrovsky Ipaki e Pushkin uvele 1740. Yaba ingxenye menagerie. New Garden Ukwakheka ihlangana kahle ukwakheka kwe-Catherine Palace. Ngo 1749, abahlala engxenyeni ephakathi ye-epaki kwakukhona isiteshi Cross. Ngo 1778, i-Upper Garden ukuthi lihlotshiswe amachibi eziningi amafomu yasekuqaleni. Futhi esikhathini kusuka eminyakeni 1760 kuya 1770 kule eziyinkimbinkimbi epaki zezakhiwo wakuqala isitayela Chinese yayakhiwe. Kuyinto isakhiwo hhayi kuphela, okwakubizwa ngokuthi i emaphandleni Chinese, kodwa futhi amabhuloho futhi emadokodweni.

replanning

Ngo 1792, esigabeni, esenyakatho-mpumalanga okusha Garden wakhela Alexander Palace. Wayengumuntu isipho Alexander ugogo, uCatherine Omkhulu, ngesikhathi umshado wakhe. Kule ndaba, epaki u kabusha kule fashion ngalezo zinsuku, isitayela English.

Phakathi nokuphila kaPetru mina zesigodlo, kanye zonke Tsarskoye Selo, kusungulwa, ka ehlathini okhule esizeni lanamuhla Alexander Park, sizungezwe umsele ezijulile.

Ngo-1819, le nsimu, okuyinto esetshenziswa ube zoo, baqala ukuletha ifomu efanele, okuyinto izivakashi kwepaki kuyabonakala namuhla. Bona babekwa ithrekhi futhi landscape alley itshalwe oluqinile izihlahla, okuyinto ishintsha epaki ndawo. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ezinwetshiwe imingcele Alexander Park. Ngemva kwesikhathi esithile, emngceleni kwepaki isifakiwe Aleksandrov namasango waseGibhithe. Kuze 1823 kwathiwa adiliza udonga lwamatshe ukuthi uma ahaqa menagerie wasebukhosini. Namuhla iyagcinwa eyodwa kuphela isinqamu odongeni, futhi manje yena liyingxenye zokugcina epaki.

Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, amabhuloho eziningi emadokodweni Alexander Ipaki bahlupheka ngenxa lwa kwenzekani lapha. emadokodweni Abaningi futhi namuhla engakaze ngokugcwele esimweni, kodwa ihlanganisa ngokuvumelanayo ne izakhiwo kuvuselelwe.

Ipaki yokuzijabulisa e Pushkin

Izakhamuzi Pushkin baziqhenya kakhulu zokungcebeleka zayo zomlando. Kodwa ngokushesha kuleli dolobha epaki entsha zingavela. Eceleni "Tsarskoye Selo" esiteshini is ihlela ukwakhela ezikhangayo indaba ephathwayo epaki. Kusolwa ukuthi ngeke abulawe isitayela mlando futhi ngeke seduze Amancane Okthoba sesitimela. Konke kuleli paki izokwakhiwa izingane, ngakho-ke abakwazi kuphela ukudlala, kodwa futhi ukufunda.

Njengoba ehlelwe yi-abaklami, kuyoba ababili ezibiyele omkhulu itshe elimhlophe. Ngo kwepaki ngeke kube nalutho kodwa yokuzijabulisa kanye nemibukiso zemfundo (ngokugcwele futhi yesikhashana), etshela ngomlando, isayensi kanye namasiko. Sithemba ukuthi lezi zinhlelo zigcwaliseka, ngangokuba kwakhamuluka umuzi elimangalisayo Pushkin ukuthola elinye ipaki elihle.