ZMZ-513: izici lobuchwepheshe, izithombe kanye nokubuyekeza

Zavolzhye Engine Plant baqala imisebenzi engxenyeni yokuqala yekhulu lama-20. ngo-1950 ngesisekelo yokuthengisa, kwaba sobala ukuthi ukufuneka cishe lingekho. I izinjini awahlangabezananga izidingo zanamuhla for ukufakwa on namaloli ezinamasondo kanye zilandelwa. ukuphathwa Plant wanquma ukuthuthukisa uhla izinjini for embonini yezimoto. Kwaba intuthuko yangempela. Phela, kwaba okokuqala kwakukhona V emise amasilinda emhlabeni. Ake sibukeze design eyisisekelo izici ZMZ-513, motor izici lobuchwepheshe, emihle nemibi.

Uhlolojikelele

Ukudala Zavolzhsky Plant injini V emise emfuleni oda design kwaphoqa. Lokhu akusona isimanga, ngoba izinjini kungaba ozibongayo kakhulu izici lobuchwepheshe namandla. Engine nge 195 amahhashi ibhangqwe nge othomathikhi 3-ngesivinini. Kulokhu, amandla iyunithi kungadla njengoba udizili petrol uphethiloli, owawungumnyaka elula kakhulu.

Ngakho, singasho ukuthi izinjini ZMZ-513 baba ezifuywayo ethandwa. Lona omunye ethandwa kakhulu futhi likufuna izinjini yasekhaya, okuyinto ngisho ngesikhathi samanje isethelwe ezahlukene ogandaganda abakhulu. Ake bajwayelane imodeli 513th, okuyinto elalibhekwa njengelinye lamazwe impumelelo ngesikhathi sako.

Design izici ZMZ-513

Kwamanye izimboni, izidingo ezikhethekile imoto unqamule izwe. Kuyinto kulokhu imodeli esungulwe ZMZ-513. Lokhu motor ubekwe izimoto ezifana GAS-53, 66, 3307 et al. Ngakho-ke, lokhu imodeli kufanelekile amasu isilinganiso umthwalo umthamo. Kuwufanele benaka iqiniso lokuthi 513th yayingaphelelanga. Wayesebenza kahle icala kuhle kuphawuleka ukuthi zilethwe asemrarweni ngesikhatsi kokuhlinzwa. Iqiniso ukuthi storey olulodwa untuned engayitholi ezininginingi was hlinzeka for ekuklanyweni. Le isixazululo ubunjiniyela kuye kwaholela yokuthi ngesikhathi ukusebenza kwe-amandla iyunithi kwakhiwa ukugeleza okusizwa ukushaya. Lokhu, kubathinta kabi izinga ingxube uphethiloli emoyeni.

Imininingwane ZMZ-513

Okokuqala, zimelelani Abaklami - kukhiqizwe ifomu pan akhethekile ukuze sivikeleke usebenzisa amathuluzi kagesi. Kungenzeka ukusebenzisa injini ezindaweni nokhahlo. Ngokuvamile, ZMZ-513 lalisetshenziswa izimoto zempi, imishini yezolimo namaloli amancane.

Njengoba sekushiwo ezimbalwa ngenhla, lo mklamo injini ulula, kodwa okuthembekile kakhulu. Lokhu V8, ivolumu 4.25 ilitha, 3 400 linemibhikisho / ngomzuzu ukhiqiza cishe 97 kW, okuyinto enza okuningi. Kulabo izikhathi kwaba iyunithi enamandla kakhulu - 125 amalitha. a. Yiqiniso, yesimanje yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini Seledlulise phambili. Manje ngawakhamela out 1.5 imiqulu amahhashi 300 nokuningi. Kokucindezela isilinganiso - 8.5, okungase ngokuthi indinganiso, kodwa amafutha ukusetshenziswa ngokushesha umxhwele. Uma recalculated njengoba amaphesenti uphethiloli, kuvela amayunithi mayelana 0.5. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kule injini kwaba ingenye yezindawo zokugcina, okuyinto zavezwa eSoviet Union, namuhla iyathandwa.

Bezakhiwe motor kwamaphutha

Njengoba sekushiwo ambalwa okungenhla, okuthembekile kakhulu amandla iyunithi, okuyinto yakhelwe ukusebenza ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu. Kodwa-ke has nezihibe, okuvame kwenzeka okwamanje esibi. Ngokwesibonelo, uma imoto wafaka engela ke ukuqala injini kuyoba nzima. Kufanele njalo podgazovyvat. Uma uyikha phezulu le uyisicaba leyo nkinga. Ukuqala ku umkhuhlane - ukuthi kuseyinselelo. Uma injini ukuziqalela futhi zibeke, kanye yangaphakathi omlilo injini waqala ke ngemva ambalwa, yena anezinto. Idling ezimweni ezinjena ingahlalisekanga kakhulu. It is hhayi Kunconywa ukubambezela injini, njengoba lokhu kuholela ukotini in the ipayipi qeda kanye ukwandisa petrol.

Isikhathi esining impela imbangela iphutha ku izinjini ZMZ-511/513 ungaphakathi isicabucabu. ulwelwesi Its esiwuhogelayo. Baphetha ngokuthini lapha eyodwa kuphela - esikhundleni. Ngokuvamile ke ngemva kwalokho bonke izinkinga zinyamalale, namandla iyunithi iqala ukusebenza like clockwork.

Ukuthembeka e lula

nje izindlela ezimbalwa ungakwazi sifinyelele ngezinga eliphezulu ngokuthembeka:

• sebenzisa izingxenye asezingeni elifanele;
• ukuba lula ukwakheka motor;
• ngcono ikhwalithi inhlangano.

Kwenzekeni eSoviet Union? Key zazenziwe izinga eyanele. Kodwa kakhulu mina wahlushwa kufanelekile. onjiniyela zaseSoviet zazama ukwenza izinga esiphezulu motor zakhona ngaphandle kwezinkinga.

Njengesisekelo block injini aluminium ingxubevange yayisetshenziswa. Njengoba injini V emise, it has ezimbili ekhanda isilinda ne kuwa 90 degrees. eyodwa kuphela camshaft enikeziwe in the design. Ngokushesha phakathi amakhanda Abaklami mina engibeke ezininginingi eyanele. Iphinde kusungulwa carburetor, ukuhlunga namanye izinhlelo asizayo. uwoyela futha umi ngemuva ZMZ, phambi - amanzi (futha). I generator kanye futha usebenza nge drive V-ibhande crankshaft.

Crankshaft futhi piston

Njengesisekelo insimbi crankshaft ductile iye yasetshenziswa, okuyinto ngaphezu kwalokho doped nge-magnesium. Njengoba sekunama-nezinye ukushintshwa injini crankshaft namajenali ezenziwe lukhuni. Crankpins ububanzi 60 mm, futhi impande - 70 mm. Ngakho, uphawu uwoyela ezimbili yanikezwa isakhiwo, omunye in the front, bakhulise crankshaft yesibili. Eyokuqala senziwa nge iraba, samopodzhimnogo uhlobo, owesibili - kusuka asbestos intambo.

Pistons 513 ZMZ-cast aluminium ingxubevange. Ziyakwazi ulula kuhleliswa, abe phansi flat. I ububanzi we piston kuyinto 92 mm, futhi 5 ukulungisa osayizi enikeziwe. Ngakho-ke, motor kungenziwa otkapitalit izikhathi eziningi. On the piston has anemifantu ezintathu abafanele: ezimbili ngaphansi kokucindezelwa izindandatho, omunye - a bushelelezi.

Okokhelekayo futhi Lubrication uhlelo

Ngo imodeli yokuqala yale uhla izinjini efakwe carburettors K-126, elibuye ngenxa kahle ongaphakeme baye indawo K-135. abanikazi abaningi imoto ngcono ukufakwa motor kuyinto ukonga ngaphezulu fuel uhlelo. Carburetors esetshenziswa ekamelweni ezimbili, kusukela isilinda ngamunye kusukela amakamelo ehlukene enikeziwe nophethiloli. Eduze lemifanekiso emihle etholakala.

Ogibele eyodwa injini block noma ezimbili-piece igiya uhlobo uwoyela futha. Hhayi inketho nephephile, kodwa ukusebenza lokwenele futsi maintainability. I futha is eliqhutshwa ukuhamba camshaft, futhi edonsa amafutha sump uwoyela abafanele umamukeli esetshenziswa. Njengoba for gqwa amafutha engine. Khona-ke lonke isikhathi okusebenzela motor, sasivame ezihlukahlukene ehlunga. Okokuqala, setha isihlungi centrifugal futhi esigcwele ukugeleza, futhi okwamanje sebenzisa esikhiphekayo isihlungi isici, okufaneleyo kakhulu futhi wenze nenzuzo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi le injini inohlelo ephumelela kakhulu isivikelo uwoyela ngenxa yendlala. Uma futha wayeka ke uyonquma iphini drive wakhe, ngokulandelana, yonke yangaphakathi omlilo injini wayeka futhi ngaleyo ndlela abephule.

Izibuyekezo abashayeli kanye nochwepheshe

Ngokuphathelene amazwana abashayeli ongumakadebona, okuthize ngalokhu injini, abaningi besabela kahle. Kakhulukazi, yazi lula yangaphakathi omlilo injini nemitfombolusito yayo esikhundleni esiphakeme maqondana nesondlo ezifanele futhi ukunakekelwa efanele. ZMZ-513 izikhathi eziningi uprated ukusetshenziswa izimoto zempi. Variable kokucindezelwa ukuba uthonye zokubasa nge octane ongaphakeme. Konke lokhu kubonisa ikhono elikhulu eSoviet V emise eziyisishiyagalombili.

Abashayeli abaningi bathi le injini akuyona ngaphandle amaphutha. Kodwa maintainable kakhulu. Ngakho nabo bonke amathuluzi adingekayo, inkinga ingaxazululwa emkhakheni phezu kwedolo. Nge izinjini yesimanje, okuyinto owenza zonke electronics, le ndlela akusebenzi. Ngokuvamile, 13 phakathi abashayeli bathande futhi abaningi ngisho nanamuhla isetshenziswa ngenxa ongaphakeme yesondlo izindleko zawo.

Kancane kabanzi mayelana nomklamo

Namuhla, ngokuvamile efakwe injector. ZMZ-513 nge uhlelo uphethiloli supply iba ukonga futhi uzinzile. Uma carburetor ezingeni lokushisa eliphezulu olwandle kwaholela uphethiloli abilayo futhi okweqile kohlelo uphethiloli supply, le injectors unenkinga efana engekho.

Njengoba umthombo ayengenazo enkulu kangaka futhi, nakuba isikhathi ngaphezu kokwanele, abashayeli abaningi okushintshiwe motor. Ukuze wenze lokhu, sithatha izingxenye kusukela ZMZ efanayo, kamuva nje ukushintshwa. Imali esebenzile kungenelela kungenziwa esikalini njengoba kulungiswe ephelele, kodwa ICE isisetshenziswa lenyuka cishe 35%. Ngakho-ke, imali echithwa emuva ngokushesha okwanele.

ukusebenza kahle futhi uqaphele

Noma yimuphi injini idinga ukulungiswa ezinkulu gqwa okuhleliwe. Kodwa uma kuhlelwe umsebenzi lobuchwepheshe kumele kwenziwe njalo 20,000 km, kuye ngokuthi amandla iyunithi ke lapho kufika isikhathi kapitalki, incike umshayeli. Ukuze yenze ukuphila motor Kunconywa:

• isikhathi ukushintsha uwoyela ohlelweni bese ukuqapha ezingeni layo;
• ngezikhathi nokuhlola uhlelo ukupholisa ukuvimbela okweqile;
• zama ukusizakala mnene 513th.

Konke lokhu kuzosiza ukunweba ukuphila motor eziningana. Yiqiniso, akufanele ngaphandle kungenzeka design amaphutha kanye nokukhiqiza zamehlo. Konke lokhu kwenzeka, kodwa ezikhathini eziningi 13th awahlelanga ngenxa yokuntuleka yesondlo efanele. Buyisela fuel, amafutha kanye lemifanekiso air empeleni akunzima kangako. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo, lesi senzo esilula kuyothuthuka Dynamics futhi ukunciphisa petrol.

isiphetho

Ngisho nanamuhla, ngokuvamile kakhulu ukubeka ZMZ-513 UAZ. Phela, ukuthi unesikhathi usayizi sasivumela amancane electronics omncane. Ukungabikho pheze ephelele yokugcina kwenza kube elula neqondile ukulondoloza, ngisho imfundamakhwela motorman. Lokhu motor uyakufanelekela ukudunyiswa okusezingeni eliphezulu phakathi ochwepheshe eziningi ezifuywayo. Akumangalisi, ngisho namuhla ukukhiqiza yangaphakathi omlilo izinjini okuye kwashintshwa kancane. Lokhu okungenani kubonisa zinethuba lokuthuthuka. Phela iphrojekthi ngamabomu kuhlulekile, akekho uyokwakha.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo kudingeka siqonde ukuthi ngokuvamile izinga izingxenye ezifuywayo, izingxenye ezifana pistons, amabhlogo nokuningi, kushiya okuningi okufanele oyifunayo. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izingxenye ithengwe kusuka abakhiqizi angaphandle. Lokhu okunye kuthuthukisa izinga inhlangano injini nokwethenjelwa. Ukusetshenziswa imishini yesimanje okuzenzakalelayo futhi kunendima enkulu.

Ngokuvamile, le ZMZ-513 injini, izimfanelo esesiye sacabangela azinake. Uma usebenza sokuphehla amandla ngendlela efanele, akufanele sedlule imithwalo ovumelekile, ukugcina imigomo yenqubo ekulo yesevisi, kuyobe uyikhonze ngokwethembeka isikhathi eside. Uma kuziwa esikhathini lapho udinga ukulungiswa ezinkulu, akukho okubi ngalokho. Izingxenye abiza kuleli cala akunakwenzeka ukuba ruble phezu ayizinkulungwane 15.