Wokugoma anthrax: izici zohlelo lokusebenza, umyalelo

Emlandweni isifo esaziwa ngokuthi i- "umlilo ongcwele", "Umlilo Persian" nezinye izinhlangano ezifanayo. Igama layo yesimanje ye -anthrax kwakubangelwa endaweni yabo yokusabalalisa. Namuhla, amacala ukutheleleka ezingabantu casuistic. Lesi sifo kwenzeka kuphela nezinkomo. I-ejenti causative kuchazwa ekupheleni yekhulu nesishiyagalolunye uRobert Koch.

exciter

I Bacillus igciwane anthracis imbangela yalesisifo. Kuyinto induku enkulu, Gram namabala onsomi. Kuhlanganisa antigen ukuphathwa kwabathintwayo futhi ihlukanisa ushevu, elibangela ukuvuvukala, baxhumana Ulwelwesi lwamangqamuzana egazi emzimbeni futhi ubangela ukuba bafe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-capsule ubukisa antifagotsitarnye izakhiwo.

Umzimba Isikhungo amagciwane yakha ezinhlamvu amelana okusezingeni eliphezulu lokushisa omiswe magciwane. Kulesi hlobo lwe-anthrax lingalondolozwa iminyaka futhi lisetshenziswa njengedivaysi izikhali zamagciwane. amafomu vegetative nezilwanyana ezincane zibulawa ukuchayeka amanzi ashisayo kumaminithi amane lasemoyeni kuhhavini - ngemuva kwamahora 2-3.

lwezifo

Inkampani yenethiwekhi ukutheleleka kukhona ezidla uhlaza. Njengomthetho, kuba inkomo, ihhashi, ikamela noma ingulube. Ezithathelwanayo ukuba abantu zigcinwe kulo lonke isifo izinkomo, njengoba inike pathogen ku imvelo. A izilwane ezifile ahlale ezithathelwanayo amasonto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lwegciwane ukudluliswa yaqaphela ngokusebenzisa izinambuzane igazi-abancela. Ikakhulukazi imikhiqizo eyingozi eyatholakala kusukela izilwane onesifo (isikhumba, izinwele). Zingase ukugcina infectivity iminyaka eminingi, ngisho nangemva kokuba ukucubungula zamakhemikhali ezishisayo.

Ayisebenzi, umbendeni itholakala uma kushisa zinomswakama ezindaweni lapho wahlanganyela Izinkomo zizalela. Lesi sifo ngokuvamile eqoshiwe esikhathini ehlobo-ekwindla. Imbangela enkulu yokutheleleka womuntu - indiva kwezinkambiso sanitary-epidemiological, kanye nokuntuleka processing izinto ngaphambi ukucubungula.

Pathogenesis kanye nezimpawu

Ama-bacterium ufake umzimba evela kumuntu noma esilwaneni ngesikhumba, nolwelwesi lwamafinyila noma ipheshana emathunjini. "Amasango ukutheleleka" lakhiwa ukuvuvukala serous-oluhambisana, okuyinto livezwa edema, ukopha futhi necrosis ezomile. Le ndawo ibukeka Amalahle - endaweni emnyama Umncele kushaft ukuvuvukala maphakathi okuyinto enenxeba elivulekile. Ama-macrophage lwegciwane isatshalaliswa uhlelo lymph, kufaka ekhatsi lesifunda zamanzi. Ngemuva kokufaka amabhaktheriya egazini sepsis kuyinto yesibili kuya nje okungaqondile ukutheleleka wonke umzimba: e-lymph, pheshana emathunjini, emaphashini. Zazaziwa izitho avele nokopha amaningi kanye ukopha.

Ukutheleleka bayashintshana ekufukameleni inkathi kungaba athathe amahora ambalwa kuya emasontweni amabili, kuye ngokuthi ukuma. Ngokuvamile atholakala esikhumbeni kuwukubonakaliswa sifo. Esizeni ukungena lwegciwane avele papules obomvu, ukulunywa futhi umuzwa evutha. Ekupheleni kosuku Daddy lithuthuka vesicle egcwele uketshezi serous. Ngemva kwesikhashana okuqukethwe iba onsomi noma amnyama luhlaza onsomi. Ngenxa enamandla indoda ukulunywa vesicles kulimaze Dome futhi kukhona isilonda nge phansi amnyama kanye uhlaka elikhanyayo. Ngezinye imiphetho yayo kwakhiwa Ukuhlola webhaktheriya ( "uphawu umgexo") ukuthi ibhekane esigabeni esifanayo.

Emasontweni ambalwa phansi isilonda uvala black utwayi, futhi phakathi naso sonke isikhathi lesi sifo kukhona izinzwa ukuphendula wendawo. Lona omunye izimpawu zokuxilonga yalesisifo. Kusukela izimpawu jikelele isehlane imfiva isikhathi eside, ephelezelwa ikhanda, ubuthakathaka kanye ubuhlungu bemisipha. Ngemva kwamasonto amabili noma amathathu, ukubonakaliswa wendawo ababhubhayo, futhi ndawonye nabo obscheintoksikatsionny uphawu.

ukuhlola

Okuvame kakhulu ifomu cutaneous sifo umahluko kusuka kwamanye webhaktheriya amathumba carbuncles. The main lolwehlukanisa Akukhona ukubukeka "imigexo", okuyinto sici kuphela i-anthrax. ifomu generalized libhekene kuqala okusheshayo, ukudakwa ezinzima, edema yamaphaphu, futhi oligo-anuria. Ngezinye izikhathi khona umthombo isifo udokotela udinga okumelwe ahlukaniswe kusuka-anthrax futhi tularemia isifo.

Ukuhlolwa laboratory sitholakele isifo singasetshenziswa bacterioscopy igazi noma umchamo, kanye isivuno osenyameni evela isilonda abezindaba izakhi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusebenzisa izilwane zokucwaninga ukuze izifo olucacile. ukuhlolwa Serological ukusiza ukuthola esigabeni lesi sifo futhi ukulungela kwesimiso somzimba sokuzivikela ezifweni. Enye indlela ukuqhuba yokungezwani komzimba izivivinyo antraksinom.

Umgomo uzivikele kundicosho

Ukuze kuvikelwe i-anthrax athuthukile bukhoma wokugoma ezomile ukuthi kufanelekile isicelo ongama noma cutaneous. ukukhululwa yayo 1 ml ampoules (ibalwa 200 ngemithamo ekuphathweni ongama) kanye 1.5 ml uketshezi (glycerol).

A wokugoma ukuze uzivikele kundicosho elomuntu inhlanganisela ezinhlamvu eziphilayo lwegciwane kanye antigen ukuhlanzwa exhunywe hydroxide aluminium. Udokotela ingeza nosawoti isitsha isotonic, ukuguqulela powder ibe ingxube homogeneous. Impilo yomgomo owomile engu-3, kanye nama-liquid - 2.

Kubantu abadala kanye nezingane zonke wokugoma-anthrax ingasetshenziswa kusuka ngonyaka 1. Regulations lebhalwe ke, sigcina umuntu eba amasosha omzimba okukhulu.

Izimo yokugoma

Ukwethulwa umgomo kukhona ezinye imithetho jikelele:

• isiguli kumele kube enempilo;
• lokushisa komzimba uhla evamile;
• SARS emva zokugcina ngaphezu kwenyanga;
• komzimba nezinto ekuphathweni ngaphambi yokugoma babonakala.

Yokusetshenziswa ngokumelene wokugoma-anthrax kuqokomisa Izimo ambalwa. Ngakho, umuntu akumelwe abe umlando izifo letindzala sezicubu zezinzwa, yansukuzonke pathologies dermatological, kanye nezinkinga endocrine uhlelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isidingo zithobele zinkathi. Phakathi umgomo wokugcina futhi wokugomela i-anthrax kufanele kube lamashumi okungenani izinsuku ezingamashumi amathathu.

Bacterinia

Ukusetshenziswa wokugoma anti--anthrax kubangela ukusabela zendawo jikelele. ekuphathweni Percutaneous ngesikhumba ngelanga ngesikhathi indawo umjovo livela hyperaemia nokuvuvukala kancane ezicutshini. Kamuva kwakhiwa uqweqwe, eyagcina iphele. ekuphathweni Ongama yomgomo kuhambisana kokuziphatha kuze kufinyelele 0.5 cm.

Umkhuhlane kukalutshwana kakhulu futhi kubonakala ikhanda, ukwanda izinga lokushisa lomzimba kuya subfebrile, lanwetshwa zamanzi. Ngezinye izikhathi isicanucanu nokuhlanza. Abantu ne ephakeme izimpendulo mzimba wokugoma-anthrax kungaba baxabane nomzimba kuze kube ukushaqeka anaphylactic.

Isikali nokuPhatha

I yokugoma lokuqala wenziwa wokugoma elomile woketshezi, kamuva zisebenzisa okufana ezomile kuphela. Ukuhlela kwikota yokuqala akuxhomekile singangena uthola isilinganiso imithi e ivolumu 0.5 ml phansi kwesikhumba.

Kunezindlela ezimbili ukuze ome injected wokugoma-anthrax ukuba abantu bafe. Ukufundiswa uthi futhi izingane ezineminyaka kusukela ngineminyaka engu-14 kudingeke ukuba ubambe eyinhloko yokugoma phansi kwesikhumba nge amazinga okukhishwa ezimbili kwesikhawu samahora ngenyanga. Abadala kwi yangaphandle lwesithathu ingalo isilinganiso isicelo 2 amathonsi wokugoma buhlanjululwe bese KLWEBHEKA isikhumba wagcoba isigamu uketshezi ngomzuzu.

Uma ukuxhumana umuntu non-zigonywe isilwane esigulayo futhi wayephethe zokuvimbela eziphuthumayo ngesimo inkambo kwamaphilisi:

• abadala ke "Ciprofloxacin" noma "Doxycycline";
• izingane - "Amoxicillin".

wokugoma Anthrax izilwane

wokugoma Kenezifo isilwane ukukhiqizwa kwamasosha omzimba ukuba pathogen ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-10 kusukela esikhathini sokuqondisa futhi ihlinzeka amasosha omzimba enamandla enyakeni owodwa. It yenzelwe isimiso yokugoma okuyimpoqo zonke izilwane zasemapulazini.

Ngokokuqala ngqá yokugoma inikezwa engu-inyanga eyodwa bese futhi ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha. Abadala kumele zigonywe minyaka yonke. Uma isibalo izinkomo watholakala isilwane lapho kukhona izimpawu zikandicosho, umhlambi wonke wengulube zigonywe futhi.

Izimo yokugoma izilwane:

• umkhuhlane;
• sokukhulelwa yamuva noma castration;
• ukuhlinzwa;
• namathole izinyanga 9.

Umgomo undicosho lenziwa lapho kushisa noma kubanda, kanye lihambisana namanye izidakamizwa. Ngempatho ngemithi elwa namagciwane, anthelmintics nezidakamizwa insektoakaritsidnymi kumele silinde okungenani izinsuku eziyi-10 ngemuva ngokugoma. Ubisi izinkomo zigonywe avunyelwe ukuphuza ngosuku olulandelayo ngemva lokugoma, kodwa ekubulaleni izinkomo inyama kuyodingeka luhlehliswe amasonto amabili.