Villa Rotunda - ngobuciko Andrea Palladio

Budebuduze Venice enchanting lingumuzi Vicenza, engesiyo kancane omuhle ukwedlula walondoloza medieval inganekwane isithombe yamanzi. Chaza zonke ezikhangayo yizivakashi komnikazi akunakwenzeka esihlokweni esisodwa.

Vicenza ibizwa ngokuthi idolobha ka-Andrea Palladio behlonipha wathutha lapha eseyinsizwa genius omkhulu, eyakha lapha izakhiwo ngokubabazekayo, okuyinto babé ukuziqhenya Italy.

Ake sicabangele indlu yezwe, ohlwini eziyiNgcebo Yomhlaba ngo-UNESCO-1994, okuyinto njengoba La Rotonda (Villa Rotunda) eyaziwa. Vicenza Palladio bashiya umlando ongeke wayeyisazi yokwakha izakhiwo emzini Italy phakade ezihambisana negama okuyinhloko okukhulu.

izakhiwo ubuhlakani

Imisebenzi yakhe e itshe neze okuphindaphindiwe, ngisho izakhi ezincane zokuhlobisa kukhona ngabanye.

Wadala yobuciko eziningi wezakhiwo emhlabeni kuphela, ogama lakhe labizwa ngokuthi isitayela (Palladian), ngangikholelwa ukuthi zonke esakhiweni okubukeka ngayo nenzuzo kakhulu ngesikhathi isilinganiso efanele lonke kanye izingxenye kuwo. Futhi noma ngabe singakanani isimo amakholomu ehlotshisiwe kanye eziqoshiwe zikanokusho, nemengamo ngomusa ngeke wenze sakhiwo esihle.

wesimethri isimiso

Andrea Di Pietro, aziwa alias njengoba palladium (egameni unkulunkulukazi ngesiGreki uPallas Athena), hhayi ngephutha isikhathi esiningi ukufunda nezakhiwo zasendulo komuzi. Ukwenza imidwebo kwezindlu namathempeli, waqonda ukuthi kungani sasiba sihle kakhulu. Ukulinganisa enamandla ikholomu umdali wathola ukuthi ngaphambi ukwakhiwa master kwenziwa izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi zezibalo.

Palladio waqaphela ukuthi isimiso wesimethri ngoba abakhi emakhulwini eminyaka adlule eyamshukumisela. Enye uhlangothi noma isiphi isakhiwo silinganiselwe omunye, kuba ukuze akulahle ngesimo izikwele nemibuthano. Ukuhlola isakhiwo elingunxande, umakhi wathola ukuthi lapha kakhulu wasondela ngokucophelela isilinganiso esifanelekile ubude nobubanzi.

Wanameka nendlu, lapho isibe imodeli

Villa Rotonda emi egqumeni, efana ezakhiweni zenkolo, ngeqholo ezinde phezu Vicenza. Ngemva umsebenzi kwaqala ukuvela isakhiwo esiqinile ngoba aristocrats IsiZulu eyakhelwe lesi sithombe, bese kubhekwa ikhophi edume kunazo UZandile (Voznesensky) Cathedral Tsarskoye Selo.

Lesi yisihloko sokuqala emlandweni ukwakhiwa indlu yangasese, ukuphinda buyisiphi yokwakha yenkolo yasendulo. Lokhu ukufana ubonakele sibonga izitebhisi ububanzi, eziqoshiwe lonkulunkulu basendulo futhi Dome ukuthi zivuse izinhlangano neSonto LamaRoma "ethempelini kwabo bonke onkulunkulu" - onkulunkulu.

esifanekisweni ashukumisayo

Mayelana ukubaza Kuhle kokusho ngokwehlukile. Encwadini yakhe ikhuluma abaculi ambalwa Italian ezazisebenza naye bese udala ukubaza ashukumisayo. Figures ukuthi umklami walithanda ukubeka eduze izitebhisi, njalo kunyakaza. Lena akuyona evamile ngalé eqandisiwe ngayinye yesithombe sengathi imisinga unikeza ukuphila kulo lonke isakhiwo iyonke.

History of the isakhiwo

Villa Rotonda eduze Vicenza, ezakhiwe imithetho esigabeni segolide, sidalwe njengendawo yokuhlala esihle Paolo Almerico, futhi ngemva kokufa umakhi wawuqeda umsebenzi yokuqedela of umfundi wakhe abanamakhono V Scamozzi ngoba abanikazi abasha - Capra abazalwane.

Siyazi emlandweni ukwakhiwa ezikhangayo main omuzi. Ukuze umakhi sobudala owathuthela Vicenza waphenduka umbingeleli abangabaLevi, ngiphuphe ikhaya elihle. Amateur amafomu weJiyomethri njalo ngokushesha waqaphela ukuthi wayezoba ukuthatha njengesisekelo isikwele, okuzokwenza faka mbuthano.

Ngo-1566 Palladio, okholelwa ukuthi enhle kunazo kuyizinto elula, ithuthukiswe indaba emfushane ka isakhiwo esizayo. Sibonga i ngezabelo yokubukisa zezibalo we ezahlukene villa wesimethri ephelele: Round Hall alotshiwe isikwele.

Isakhiwo sokuqala nge Dome emhlabeni

Talent Master ebonakaliswa yokuthi yonke imininingwane zokuhlobisa esivela izakhiwo zethempeli, kahle ezihlangene esakhiweni yangasese bese uyinika obugagu ekhethekile. A isizinda okusezingeni eliphezulu kwaba kuyingxenye ebalulekile izakhiwo zenkolo, futhi ukwakha ikhaya wokuziphilisa, akunjalo ukhohliwe mayelana Andrea Palladio.

Villa Rotonda eduze Vicenza baba wokuziphilisa Renaissance isakhiwo Dome wokuqala emhlabeni ahlotshiswe aqoshiwe kuwo kunesikhala lapho ihholo elikhulu kuyinto kwelanga.

Isakhiwo yangaphandle okuhambisana ngokugcwele ubuhle bangaphakathi. Ukuze imidwebo ingaphakathi bamenywa abaculi abanamakhono, ehlotshisiwe ophahleni futhi izindonga nge nemidwebo izindikimba basezinganekwaneni futhi allegories zokuphila Almerico umpristi.

Ukwenza Izinto Zibe Lula kukho konke

Villa Rotonda, dumisa igama wayeyisazi-Italian emhlabeni wonke, siqukethe mbumbulu ezine ezifanayo ezungeze oluyingungu emaphakathi round ihholo. Massive izitebhisi ayihaba uthango ku esemgwaqweni emifanekisweni ngamatshe olungaphambili lwesonto ngalinye, elalihlotshiswe kompheme ne amakholomu eziyisithupha futhi pediments.

Simple Uma unganakile, izixazululo yezakhiwo ngaphandle frills wenze ukubukeka isakhiwo elicwengisiswe nenhle.

Ngaphambili, abakhi we kuvulandi lasendulo unamathele kuphela olungaphambili lwesonto main, futhi Palladio oFakazi BakaJehova kwakungqubuzana namasiko esungulwe, okwenza villa ziyalingana nhlangothi zonke.

Ukuvumelana nemvelo futhi wobuciko yezakhiwo

Uma kuhlelelwa isakhiwo yayisekelwe eliyigugu yayo nakho ubuhlakani Andrea Palladio. Villa Rotonda, ezakhiwe emasikweni best of zethempeli lasendulo, ihlanganisa kahle ezungezile. Umakhi lolungenamaphutsa kahle art amafomu ngomusa yezakhiwo kuvumelana ubuhle bemvelo, kokuba ugxile leli khono kusukela abaklami lasendulo.

Encwadini yakhe ethi, avuma ukuthi ngamabomu wakhetha ekudalweni nenqwaba enhle kunazo zonke, okuyinto ungacabanga. Umbhali njalo ukuvusela imvelo, futhi ngamunye umsebenzi wakhe ngokugcwele ahlanganisiwe nalo ngokuvumelana.

Ukuhlolwa Goethe isakhiwo

Villa Rotonda e Vicenza bekulokhu nesithakazelo esikhulu. Nge wobuciko eliyingqayizivele ngeke ahlangane eziningi, futhi Goethe kwaba okufanayo. Kakhulu nentshisekelo imbongi endulo German wafika Italy uqobo zibabaza imisebenzi Palladio. Wayekholelwa ukuthi babone ubuhle ezimangalisayo zezitshalo kungenzeka kuphela umuntu, ngakho waya Vicenza.

Ngo-1786, ngemva kokuvakashela indlu bayahlonishwa Goethe wabhala e amanothi akhe: "Villa Rotunda - isakhiwo omangalisayo, elise entabeni olunothile. Kubonakala sengathi phambi izakhiwo ongazange azivumele ukuthi okunethezeka. Ngasinye ohlangothini endlini sifana ethempelini. amakamelo Kuyamangalisa amahle ihholo elikhulu. Umnikazi walesi sakhiwo, ibonakale ukusuka kunoma yiliphi iphuzu, washiya yesizukulwane isikhumbuzo yangempela. "

abanikazi Ukushintsha

Ngo-June 1912, i-Villa Rotonda eshintsha izandla. Zaba umndeni Valmarana ufisa ukubuyisela i simangalele yezakhiwo. UProfesa Mario izakhiwo, owashona ngo-2010, wagqunywa ejele iminyaka engu-60 ukuqinisekisa ukuthi usezuze isithombe ukuthi abantu ababephila ezaziwayo. Ngo-1980, endaweni baba evuleleke emphakathini, futhi ngezinsuku ezithile, ungakwazi bajwayelane umhlobiso ingaphakathi.

Namuhla ungumnikazi villa Valmarana Lodovico, ukusungula isikhwama esikhethekile.

Iningi abacwaningi umsebenzi wezakhiwo Italian bakholelwa ukuthi inani lakhe lokusungula iyona grand Villa Rotonda. Palladio owawusekelwe izinhlelo ke yakhe ezinkulu futhi wabonisa izimiso wesimethri yezakhiwo.

Sample isitayela alingana ngokuphelele kuwo wonke isivakashi kuyinto isifiso angenakuvinjwa ngijwayele eminye imisebenzi ye-master, elisesifundeni isifunda zixhaphakile edolobheni.