Vera Davidova - Soviet opera umculi: Biography, amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo, lokusungula

Umculi Vera Davidova waphila isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngeshwa, indaba cishe igcinwe izwi lakhe, kodwa umbono uhlala abalaleli enanikade umxhwele kubo. Igama lakhe manje okuvame ukukhumbuleka isikhathi eceleni ngisho nokuphathwa kwegama Stalin, nakuba kuba impela ngokungafanele. Vera Aleksandrovna Davydova kwaba umculi omuhle uyakufanelekela ukuba ahlale emlandweni yobuciko.

ebuntwaneni

Wazalelwa esizayo opera inkanyezi Vera Davydova Septhemba 17, 1906 ku Nizhny Novgorod emndenini zasebukhosini. ngezinhlobo zawo kwabakhulelwe enyukela Pozharsky, nasekhaya babe ngabathengi, kodwa akekho owake walikhuluma ngayo noma iyiphi maqondana art. Umndeni sinezingane ezinhlanu. Ubaba ngokuvamile ulahleke Nizhny Novgorod Fair, futhi zonke ukunakekelwa kwezingane walala emahlombe unina. Ekugcineni, umama kabaze baba lakho ukuma Ukholo, eqoqwe izingane saya kuye eMpumalanga Ekude, lapho ngashada. It usingababa wabona engavamile musicality amantombazane futhi waphoqelela ukuba waqala ukutadisha umculo.

Ngo-1912, uVera waya esikoleni parallel wathatha upiyano izifundo nokuhlabelela. Esikoleni, yena kuqala efika. Lapho eMpumalanga Ekude ishanelwe kulwiwa, umkhaya wathuthela Vera e Blagoveshchensk. Kukhona diva esizayo waqhubeka ukufunda umculo wopiyano L. Kuksinskoy. Wahlela Ukholo soloist ekhwayeni komuzi lombhishobhi.

kweminyaka eminingi yocwaningo

I impumelelo labesimame umculo yayinengi, kanye wakuzwa was dolobhakazi nge uhambo abadumile opera umculi A. Labinskiy futhi yamnxusa ukuba iqhubeke nesifundo sayo. Futhi ngo-1924, uVera Davidova eLeningrad ukuyothola imfundo. Glazunov, owayengifundela okuku at Leningrad Conservatory, washaywa amandla nobuhle izwi Ukholo, ngaleso sikhathi uye ngokuphindaphindiwe enikeziwe ukwesekwa. Futhi ekwindla ka-1924 Davidov wabona igama lakhe ohlwini lezifundo somculo. NA Rimsky-Korsakov. Wafunda eklasini E. Devos-Soboleva, bahamba amakilasi e-studio opera ka I. Ershov. Nge Yebo lokuqala ngokushesha yalo idluliselwe wesithathu ngoba impumelelo ekusunguleni uhlelo lokuqeqesha.

ekuqaleni komgwaqo

Emuva ezinsukwini zakhe umfundi Vera Davidova wangenela esigabeni edumile Kirov Ballet. Wenza ikhasi umdlalo e Urbana opera "Les amaHuguenot." Ngemva kokuthola iziqu ngo-1930 somculo Ukukholelwa iminyaka emibili wasebenza ngezikhathi ezithile ngesikhathi Kirov Theater, lapho wenza izindima uMarta "Khovanshchina" futhi Amneris e "Aida" futhi wahlabelela etinhlelweni letinyenti letehlukene Modular eziningi zakudala opera izingxenye.

opera umsebenzi

Ngo-1932, uVera Davidova, ecula i-opera nge esiyingqayizivele mezzo-soprano, wamenywa ukuba Bolshoi Theatre. Debut party avela kuye lo oculayo esiteji eyinhloko yezwe kwaba Amneris ku opera "Aida". Khona-ke, omunye ngemva komunye, ilandelwe yibo bonke amaqembu best we repertoire zomhlaba opera: Lyubava e "Sadko", Lyubasha e "uMlobokazi I Tsar sika", Marfa e "Khovanshchina" Aksinya e "epholile Flows Don", Marina Mniszek e "Boris Godunov". Kodwa inhlangano yayo esemqoka futhi ovelele baba uCarmen. Abagxeki kanye Ongoti opera wavuma ukuthi Davidov kwaba okuhamba phambili kwe-Carmen esiteji Soviet.

Phakathi nempi, umculi waxoshelwa Tbilisi, lapho yena wahlabelela endlini opera, futhi eminyakeni babuka e-Azerbaijan, e izibhedlela woLwandle Olumnyama, e-Armenia. umsebenzi wakhe e nkundla ube yimpumelelo kakhulu, wayengenazo izimbangi. Davidov wayesebenza esikhumulweni Bolshoi kuze 1956.

Useke babuka ngokuphindaphindiwe emazweni angaphandle, igama lalo lashintsha baziwa Finland, Norway, Hungary, Sweden.

Kubulawa Davydova was inhlanganisela efanele ngendlela emangalisayo ukucula kanye nekulingisa inkulumo. Abagxeki wabhala ukuthi Vera Alexandrovna kwaba inqubo hhayi kuphela kakhulu, kodwa futhi idatha kumdlali oluvelele luka. namaqhawekazi wakhe wamshaya isipiliyoni ezijulile cefe Amazing.

ekamelweni umculo

Ngaphandle opera Davydova ichitha isikhathi esiningi emisebenzini ukubulawa ekamelweni. Ngo-1944, wenza umjikelezo "romance Russian kusukela kwaqala namuhla", ezazihlanganisa imisebenzi 200, ezisukela emaculweni kwekhulu le-17 ziphethe umphakathi elaziwayo elincane usebenza Glier, Myaskovsky, Shaporin. Futhi kufakwe ohlelweni Ukwakheka Rimsky-Korsakoff futhi S.Rakhmaninov.

Abagxeki kuqashelwe ukuthi ukusebenza Vera Alexandrovna bamba ezahlukene uhlamvu abachwepheshile umoya waleli umculo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ingoma ngayinye, wenziwa Davydova, Yindaba mini-elicwengisiswe ngokucophelela lapho izwi ngumculi omkhulu Kugcizelelwa okushiwo umsebenzi. A impumelelo enkulu phakathi izilaleli bajabulela Vera Uhlelo Alexandrovna, kuhlanganise imisebenzi by Grieg, Sinding, Sibelius nezinye bomculo kusukela eScandinavia.

Ukuphila Georgia

Lapho esethathe umhlalaphansi kusukela Bolshoi Theatre ngo-1956, uVera Alexandrovna nomyeni wakubo wathuthela Tbilisi. Lapha, yena ubelokhu esebenza kusukela 1959 ngesikhathi Tbilisi State Conservatory. Kuyo yonke le minyaka lokufundisa Davydova kukhicite Umthala abaculi oluvelele, kuhlanganise Maklavu Kasrashvili, soloist we Bolshoi Theatre, Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR. Ngo-1964, Davydova waklonyeliswa isihloko onguprofesa Conservatory. Useke wasebenza abafundi Chinese, ngubani ngokukhethekile wafika eSoviet Union ukuze balukhulume kahle ikhono Soviet opera esikoleni. Ekhatsi Tbilisi, Vera Alexandrovna ahlala khona waze washona.

Legacy kanye inkumbulo

Ngeshwa, ukuze ezisekhona impela kancane umlingo izwi recordings Vera Davidova. Namuhla ungakwazi ukulalela okuqoshiwe ngo-1937 opera Bizet sika "UCarmen" opera ngu Tchaikovsky "Mazepa" (okuthunyelwe 1948), Verdi sika "Aida" (1952), NA Rimsky-Korsakov sika "Sadko" (1952).

Lo mculi akazange azikhohlwe kwezwe azalelwa kulo. Yokudumisa 105 lokuzalwa Nizhny Novgorod isingathwe i kusihlwa ikhumbule Vera Davidova, ngo-2012, ngemva kukhonsathi yakhe owawuse, lapho ehlabelela ozithandayo opera izindima zakhe futhi zothando.

Imiklomelo kanye izihloko

Vera Davidova ngokuphindaphindiwe ukhishwa ithalente lwakhe oluvelele. Yena waklonyeliswa Stalin Prize kathathu. Ngo-1937, yena waklonyeliswa isihloko "Umculi ahlonishwe we RSFSR," ngo-1951 yena waklonyeliswa isihloko "Umculi RSFSR Yabantu". Ngesikhathi ngihlala kwa-Tbilisi, waba umnikazi we isihloko "Umculi Yabantu we Georgian SSR". Vera Alexandrovna waklonyeliswa izindondo eziningana, Wobudlelwano Red Banner futhi "Ibheji Ukuhlonishwa".

ukuphila Siqu

Vera Alexandrovna ukushada nakanjani lapho eseneminyaka wafunda Leningrad Conservatory, ne umculi abanamakhono abavela Georgia Dmitry Mchelidze. Ndawonye lo mbhangqwana wahlala iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-60. Dmitry Semenovich kwaba bass oluvelele, ehlabelela ngesikhathi Mariinsky Theatre, bese umbhangqwana lwabuthana ngesikhathi Bolshoi Theatre. Ngo-1950 waba inhloko yalawa qembu zale nkundla. Ngo-1951 Dmitry idluliselwe ukusebenza Tbilisi, bamlandela noVera Alexandrovna. Lo mbhangqwana batshelwa kanyekanye ngesikhathi Tbilisi Conservatory. Lapho eshonelwa ngumyeni wakhe ngo-1983, izihlobo ahlinzekwa Vera Alexandrovna ukubuya eMoscow, kodwa akazange alinge ashiye ithuna yenkosikazi.

Vera Davidova futhi Stalin: iqiniso nasezindabeni eziqanjiwe

Namuhla, igama Vera Davidova avame akakhumbulanga kuphela ngenxa yokuzikhandla kwakhe, futhi ngokuqondene umuntu kaStalin. Ngisho ngesikhathi umsebenzi umculi ngesikhathi Bolshoi Theatre ababeshisekela kuhletshwa emva kwakhe, bonke impumelelo yakhe ezihlobene ne ukusekelwa eliphezulu.

Ngo-1993, le ncwadi yabhalwa ngo-London ngo L. Gendlin "Bavume ukhukhuva Stalin", ebhalwe ebusweni umculi sika. Lapho Vera Alexandrovna sezwa ngalokho salolu shicilelo, it is sebekubeke kunqatshelwe wonke amaqiniso ukuze banikezwe khona. Umzukulu wakhe u-Olga Mchelidze osho le ncwadi sabulala ugogo wakhe, ngubani wehluleka ukuthuka ezinjalo. Olga, ngokuvumelana umculi, uthi akukho ukuhlobana phakathi Stalin futhi Davydova wayengekho. Lokho uma walethwa dacha wakhe, lapho kwakukhona khona etingcocweni letimfisha, futhi kule ubuhlobo lake laphela. Abantu ababehlala kulezo zikhathi, bathi, akunakwenzeka ukuthi umculi bazokwazi ukusinda ihlulekile umholi. Kodwa ubufakazi obubhalwe futhi ubufakazi bangempela yokuxhumana phakathi umculi kanye Stalin akukho.

amaqiniso ezithakazelisayo

Vera Davidova ukuthi uyisekela of the Supreme Soviet of the umhlangano wesibili nowesithathu. Phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili, kuye lo oculayo wanikeza amakhonsathi ambalwa, izimali kuyiphi bathunyelwa Defense Fund. Davydov ayitholanga isihloko "Umculi Yabantu ye-USSR", uthi igama layo kusukela nohlu Ukuklonyeliswa ehlaselwa Stalin yena.