Uzimele endlini ngezandla zakhe: isinyathelo ngesinyathelo imiyalelo. ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa

Izindlu ezweni lethu ngokwesiko yamisa gumbi lwamakholi noma izakhiwo itshe. Nokho, kukhona nezinye izinketho for ukwakhiwa ongaphakeme liphumele okulandelanayo, okungase kube ngcono. Ngokwesibonelo, izindlela ukwakha indlu Uhlaka ngezandla zakhe. Step by step imiyalelo kuhlanganisa izigaba eziyinhloko 4:

• ukuthelwa isisekelo;
• ukufakwa Uhlaka;
• walling futhi ukwahlukanisa;
• ukwakhiwa ophahla.

Lezi zakhiwo zakhiwa ngokushesha futhi ngaphandle kokusebenzisa imishini ekhethekile ephakamisa. Uhlaka endlini Timber izindleko engabizi futhi ehholweni isizini eyodwa, futhi etholakala hhayi ngaphansi kuka ifudumele kuka inhloko-dolobha yombuso lwamakholi noma itshe.

Kukhethwa indawo ngoba indlu

Ukusetshenziswa ukhuni kusho ukuthi phansi ngaphansi kwendlu ngeke aqukethe umswakama kakhulu. Indawo kumele kube ezomile kakhulu futhi kwemijondolo kahle manzi kungazange kuwenze ekonakaleni okusheshayo.

Imidwebo Uhlaka izindlu kufanele esekelwe tilinganiso zibambene esakhiweni. Izincazelo kusukela ku-inthanethi kuyaqondakala kuphela ochwepheshe, kokuba othile ulwazi theory kanye amakhono awusizo. Isisekelo kumele elalizokwakhiwa e ngokuhambisana nohlobo inhlabathi, futhi indlu - ngesisekelo yokusebenza imithwalo.

Isidingo iphrojekthi ikhaya

Umthuthukisi kumele kube iphrojekthi ekhaya, wadala ngochwepheshe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, wavuma nge izinkonzo eziningi ukuthi kungenza kube izinguquko zabo yandiswe.

Ngo esigabeni sokuqala indaba emfushane kungenziwa ekhaya wedwa, kodwa okwenzeka kamuva ke kuyodingeka uthole iphrojekthi efanelekayo. Ukuze imidwebo ukwakhiwa zihlale abadinga Uhlaka izindlu, esekelwe izibalo ezidingekayo. Ukuze iphrojekthi kuyodingeka bakhokhe. Yalutho ojwayelekile, kodwa ungakwazi oda ngelakho, okuzokwenza acabangele izidingo lonjiniyela. Iphinde wabeka ubuchwepheshe ukwakhiwa, okumele abe ngokuqinile kuyalandelwa. Lokhu kusebenza futhi ukudalwa kwezimiso zobunjiniyela.

Engineering uhlelo ekhaya

Le phrojekthi kufanele kufakwe wonke amanethiwekhi, lapho esakhiwe Uhlaka endlini ngezandla zakhe. Step by step imiyalelo uhlanganisa laying zokuxhumana emazingeni athile ukwakhiwa, eziqala isisekelo. Lapho-ke kuthululwe ngokushesha izimbobo zobuchwepheshe. Gubha kamuva ukhonkolo kuyoba nzima nakakhulu.

Uhlelo kagesi kuhlanganisa kuwukuphendula wiring, nezinyawo futhi isisekelo. Enethiwekhi zitholakala kude ngaphakathi 4 m kusuka komunye nomunye. Ziqukethe ikhava zokuzivikela, uma kukhona imithombo yamanzi.

Ukuthi lolusuku ebeka amanzi nendle izinhlelo incike lula ukusetshenziswa ukuphuza amanzi ashisayo, kanye okukhipha nokucutshungulwa imfucuza.

Uhlelo ukupholisa yakhiwa imbobo nge ukuvuleka.

Ukwakhiwa isisekelo

Fundam akhethiwe columnar, ibhande melkozaglublenny noma izitini zikasimende. Ukuze kwandiswe ukuqinisa amandla futhi isicelo tubing Monolithic. izindlu lishe laba ngumlotha lokhuni zakhelwe isisekelo encane, eyenzelwe imithwalo ongaphakeme. Kuthatha kancane material. Ngenxa Uhlaka endlini yabo izindleko esisindisa kuba aphansi. Ngaye, Ukuvubukula umsele noma umgodi yamba bese wenza umcamelo isihlabathi. Ngaphambi concreting isethi rebar futhi formwork. Gcwalisa isisekelo strip is ifanelekile ukwenza rammer obuphelele. Lokukhuphula izindlu Uhlaka ukhonkolo ketshezi asethwe e nokwanda kuka- mayelana 2 m izikopelo mpo 500 mm ubude. Plane grillage yokululama nodaka.

Ukufakwa sill ekhaya

Ngemva kwesonto, ngemva ethela isisekelo ukhonkolo kunamekwe lonke ipuleti phansi - ngokhuni block kwesigaba okungenani 150x150 mm. Wakhe zangaphambi afuthwe ngesibulali isinqandakuvunda, futhi phansi ngezincwadi ezimbili zamatshe ungangenisi amanzi of ukufulela impahla. Beam ogibele imishudo isisekelo ihange noma izikhonkwane, ngawo izimbobo basuke yamba lishonile kunesikhumba 100 mm. Ubude kanye into esiyibonisa ngezikhathi ezithile enkompolo ungaphakathi nengxenye-isihlahla nezinzipho krepjat.

I amabhodi kumele embondelene ngokugcwele futhi axhunyiwe ndawonye base. Ngemva kwalokho, bagawula anemifantu futhi zifakwe izingodo ngokobulili ebhodini 50h150 mm. izabelo zabo engenhla kufanele isethwe ku indiza ovundlile, futhi phansi Amabha kuthiwa abethelwe kuwo esifanelana subfloor. Ukuze it is abethela ngumuntu stapler, umusi, bese zigcwalisiwe isikhala phakathi joists heater (amaminerali yoboya noma Foam). Top phansi wenziwe nhlangothi zombili ibhodi 40h150 mm.

inhlangano Uhlaka

Uhlaka kuyisisekelo ebamba wonke isakhiwo endlini. Kuyinto uprights mpo zixhunywe strapping evundla imishudo. Lapho esakhiwe Uhlaka endlini ngezandla zakhe, igxathu negxathu Umhlahlandlela inikeza ukulandelana okuqinile obandayo. I okubalulekile kungenzeka metal noma iphrofayela izinkuni. Ukusetshenziswa kwensimbi sidinga imishini Welding kanye nekhono ukusebenza naye. Ukuze ukhuni Uhlaka okhunini oluqinile isetshenziswa, isibonelo, i-oki noma larch. Racks ukwenza usayizi ukuphakama egumbini. Basuke exhunywe kwi phansi plate "nezilimi inkatho". Ukusincwela kwenziwa ngokunembile, ngaphandle izikhala.

Khetha usayizi kanye nebanga phakathi okuthunyelwe kufanele kube, okokuqala kunakho konke, kuye ngokuthi umthwalo ngobulili kusukela phezulu. Kubo, sithathe Usayizi ezibonakalayo, ezingashabalala osetshenziselwa ambozwe. Racks nge plate ngezansi uxhumeke ku besokunxele yesikhashana, onikeza extra ukwakhiwa rigidity.

Ngemva ibha mpo luzovezwa, it ufaneleka wesitimela engenhla. Isimiso Its uxhumano okufanayo - ngosizo Slots nsé ugongolo aphansi. Ukubeka kuya phezulu yokubeka ngamunye izipikili ezimbili, lalihlehliswa okungenani 10 cm. Uhlaka ekugcineni kwaqinisa ugunda njalo futhi demountable yesikhashana.

Ukwakhiwa kanye odongeni ukwahlukanisa

Ngaphandle clapboard endlini, zamapulangwe clapboard, psevdobrusom. Kufutfumeta umkhiqizo polystyrene Foam, plastic foam, amaminerali uvolo kanye nezinye izinto. Bathatha izakhiwo ukushisa-ukuze sivikeleke of zokwakha ezivamile. Kule ndaba, Uhlaka iyisonto izindleko engabizi. Ukuze uhlale unyaka wonke ukwahlukanisa ukushuba kumele okungenani ibe 5 cm. Le nto bagcwalise isikhala wonke phakathi joists, ukuthi kwakungekho voids. Ukuvimbela displacement ukwahlukanisa silungise iziqobosho ekhethekile.

Lapho sakha luhlaka endlini, kubalulekile ukuvikela izakhiwo lokhuni emiphumeleni umswakama. Ngenhla heater ogibele yokubeka ungangenisi amanzi ifilimu ke eyayigcwele lathing of slats ngoba ukupholisa ngaphansi kwesikhumba yangaphandle.

Izindonga indlu Uhlaka ngaphakathi Unamekwe Gypsum amapuleti fibrous noma OSB.

ukufakwa uphahla

Ceiling uhlezi phezu imishayo ophahleni, igibele strapping ibha phezulu, lapho anemifantu bafa ngabo. Yasibamba kungabuye kwenziwe esebenzisa kubakaki steel. Isakhiwo ukwenza ngaphambili emhlabathini. Imishayo afakwa Slots futhi kuvikelwe ukuba izinzipho ngombala. Ezindaweni ngodonga ingaphakathi efakwe bephakamise Amabha asekelayo. Babuye exhunywe kwi ukwakhiwa ezivamile nge plate phezulu kanye phansi. Lezi zindawo uprights abethelwe ophahleni panel amabhodi ezimazombezombe.

Ukwahlukanisa iyunithi uphahla

Kumi esiqongweni sezindawo ophahleni panel ipulangwe umusi isithiyo impahla. sici yakhe nge ukugqagqana ugongolo futhi belondekile ukudla noma emapheshana. Ukukhonza njengombonisi umusi isithiyo polymer ulwelwesi noma ifilimu okhethekile.

Flush ne joists Friend kufanelekile ukwahlukanisa: amaminerali noma ingilazi, ubumba zandiswa Foam. It uvala phezulu ukubekwa uphawu ifilimu futhi limbozwe yonkana isihlangu ugongolo eyenziwe amabhodi. Lapho ibanga phakathi kuka-500 mm embondelene perpendicular joists, bese kuba phansi.

Ukuvulwa somnyango phansi 2nd kwenziwa evunyelwe crosspieces ezimbili phakathi imishayo.

ukwakhiwa kophahla

Uphahla has a isisindo eside, ngakho-ke kumelwe sincike odongeni lwendlu, okuyinto kakade kuqedile, kodwa ungenayo i-sekugcineni zokuhlobisa. Lapho wakha indlu Uhlaka (noma iyiphi enye), ngokukhiqiza ophahleni kuyadingeka ukunquma emthambekeni, inani skates, ukufulela impahla, usayizi, inombolo bese iphimbo Trusses.

Uphahla ubukeka amahle, uma has simise eziyinkimbinkimbi. Kodwa-ke kwandisa yinkimbinkimbi yokukhiqiza kanye izindleko endlini uzimele. Okuvame kakhulu uphahla gable, okuyinto efanelekayo elisophahleni futhi ekamelweni elisophahleni lwendlu. Umklamo ilula futhi liqukethe ihhashi elilodwa kuphela. Ukungabi lezigodi (emakhoneni ngilugweda) kuyinto inzuzo, kusukela kulezi zindawo abangavikelekile kakhulu futhi kunzima ukwenza.

Roof pitch kufanele kukhethwe 28º, ukuba aqhele leliqhwa elikhithikayo livela kuye. Uma ukwenza 50º, kuyoba siphezulu umoya imithwalo. Usayizi elikhulu emthambekeni kubhekwa 35-45º, okuyinto enkulu ngokombono design: uma uphahla ezitshekile, kodwa hhayi okubabayo kakhulu. Abaningi Uhlaka izindlu ezakhiwe ngokhuni ne attics kuyenziwa, okuvumela more isikhala ephilayo. Ukuze kube lula, kukhona kudingeka ukwakha udonga ukuphakama encane 1.1-1.6 m. Khona-ke, ezindaweni aphansi kungaba imibhede wahlela noma amakhabethe.

Indlu ifreyimu Loft kuyinto ukwakhiwa engasindi futhi iqine, okuyinto ekwakheni efanele ukwakha ibhoduluko ukhululekile izindleko ubuncane isikhathi nemali.

I Trusses cross-section akhethiwe ukwahlukanisa based ngokufanele therebetween, ugqinsi okujwayeleke 100-150 mm. Ukuze hedging ukuthatha ibhodi usayizi 150h50 mm. Ubude bayo 6 m. nail amabhodi amabili ilele kulolu hlangothi ngendlela incwadi L. Ngemva kwalokho, babhala baphakanyiselwe ophahleni kanye engela oyifunayo kuyakhethwa esekelwe cantrail uvumelanise. Ngesikhathi overhangs efanayo kufanele zinamathele odongeni at ibanga 30-55 cm. Umshudo Ngemva amabhodi axhunyiwe futhi uthole isampula semishayweni. Ezindaweni ukwesekwa zenziwa V-entanyeni eyodwa ukuphakama. ubuchwepheshe Ukwakhiwa kuhilela ukusetshenziswa Uhlaka izindlu njengoba mauerlat phezulu ifreyimu tubing. Abalingisa semishayweni zenziwa kuyo yonke ophahleni ukuhambisa phakathi kwayo kube 70-80 cm.

Rigel akuyona ngaphansana esitezi sokuqala. musa yibeke kakhulu, ngakho uxhumano ngeke isebenze kanzima ngokwanele. Ugongolo ugema ixhumeke nengxenye-foot. Okokuqala, ezibekwe phezu pediments, bese welule izintambo phakathi kwabo ukubeka abanye.

uhlobo lathing kuncike hlobo ukufulela impahla. It is thinned noma okuqinile. Ukuze yiluphi uhlobo wophahla Batten unamathele endaweni ugongolo yokhalo ngaphandle imvume.

ukufulela

impahla Kalula wokufulela Uhlaka indlu ezimise okwama-tile. Lilula nezimo, kulula ukufaka futhi engabizi. Okumbi zihlanganisa flammability futhi wokudamba okusheshayo.

Metal decking futhi izinto okudingeka bashintshashintshe ngayo futhi unamathisele ophahleni mbukwane. Ziyakwazi kulula ukufaka, abe nesisindo ongaphakeme futhi eziphansi. Ngu nebubi zihlanganisa umsindo ngesikhathi imvula nesichotho.

Lapho ophahleni usulungile, ukukhwezwa kudoti kanye amanzi ohlelweni ukuphambukisa kwezulu ekhaya.

isiphetho

Ukuze umuntu sina ecabanga yokuhlala ephephile futhi ukhululekile, manje akuyona inkinga ukwakha indlu Uhlaka ngezandla zakhe. Step by step imiyalelo kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukuba umsebenzi ngokushesha, ephumelelayo elishibhile futhi ngaphandle amaphutha.