Ezamakhompiyutha kanye yimuphi electronics - amadivaysi eziyinkimbinkimbi, izimiso zazo akuqondakali njalo izakhamizi kakhulu. Uyini ROM nalokho idivayisi udinga? Abantu abaningi ngeke ukwazi ukuphendula lo mbuzo. Zama ukulungisa ukungaboni ngaso linye.
Uyini ROM?
Lokho abayikho nalapho ukuyisebenzisa? Funda-kuphela izinkumbulo (Roms) inkumbulo nonvolatile. Nezobuchwepheshe, bona ezisetshenziswa njengendlela chip. Ngesikhathi esifanayo sathola ukuthi emagama isifinyezo ROM. kudivayisi Yakhelwe ukulondoloza ulwazi angena ngumsebenzisi, kanye nezinhlelo ezifakiwe. Imemori wokufundwayo kuphela zingatholakala amadokhumenti, umculo, izithombe - okungukuthi, konke kufanele agcinwe izinyanga noma ngisho neminyaka. amanani inkumbulo, kuye ngokuthi idivayisi esetshenziswa, ziyahlukahluka kusuka amakhilobhayithi eziningana (amadivayisi elula kokuba olulodwa crystal Silicon, izibonelo okuyizinto microcontrollers) ukuze terabytes. Kukhula inani ROM - izinto ezingaphezu zingagcinwa. I ivolumu ngqo wakhona umthamo kwemininingwane. Uma impendulo uphawu yombuzo, lokho ROM kufanele iphendvulwe: iyona izimpahla idatha, okuyinto ozimele DC voltage.
angaphandle kanzima njengoba idivayisi main unomphela isitoreji
On umbuzo yini ROM isivele waphendula. Manje okufanele sikhulume ngalokho abayikho. The main yesitoreji unomphela idrayivu kanzima. Sinenkosi kuzo zonke ikhompyutha yesimanje. Zisetshenziswa ngenxa engafezeka ebanzi isitoreji idatha. Kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhona eziningi ROM ezisebenzisa multiplexers (lokhu microcontrollers, ukuqalisa Loaders nezinye izindlela ezifanayo electronic). Ucwaningo enemininingwane kuyodingeka ukuba ningabi nje kuphela ukuqonda incazelo ROM. Efunda okwakubhalwe kulowo mbhalo neminye imibandela futhi kudingekile, ukuze baqonde ndaba.
Ukunwetshwa kanye kwalokho ROM amakhono ne flash ubuchwepheshe
Uma imemori komsebenzisi okusezingeni akwanele, ungasebenzisa i ozikhethela isandiso amathuba olunikezwa ROM isitoreji idatha. Lokhu kwenziwa esebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje owawusekelwe amakhadi inkumbulo futhi ngemoto ye-USB flash. Zisekelwe isimiso ukusetshenziswa amaningi. Ngamanye amazwi, idatha kuwo angase acinywe futhi iqoshwe amakhulu ezinkulungwane izikhathi.
Yini-ke usenkumbulweni unomphela
I ROM yakhiwa izingxenye ezimbili, okuyinto zibizwa A-ROM (software ukugcina) kanye ROM-E (yokukhipha izinhlelo). A ROM uhlobo A transformer kuyinto matrix diode, okuyinto Ithungelwe esebenzisa ikheli izintambo. Lesi sigaba se-ROM yenza umsebenzi oyinhloko. Ukugcwalisa incike impahla kuyiphi zenziwa ROM (kungasetshenziswa perforations futhi opholile kazibuthe, wangishaya amakhadi, amadiski kazibuthe, izigubhu, lugs ferrite, dielectrics futhi electrostatic icala ekuqongeleleni impahla yabo).
isakhiwo wokuhlelwa kwendikimba ROM
Lokhu into electronic, lihunyushwe ngokuthi idivayisi, okuyinto ngokubukeka sifana uxhumano inombolo ethile eyodwa-bit cell. Chip ROM, naphezu ezingaba eyinkimbinkimbi kanye namathuba ezibonakala abalulekile, usayizi amancane. Lapho ngekhanda izingcezu ezithile kukhiqizwa uphawu ukuze izindlu (lapho kulotshwa zero) noma amandla supply (uma iyunithi kulotshiwe). Ukuze kwandiswe amaseli inkumbulo kancane wokufundwayo kuphela inkumbulo chips kungenziwa exhunywe ngokulinganisa. Futhi abakhiqizi ukuyenza ukuze athole umkhiqizo yesimanje, njengendlela chip ROM nokusebenza okusezingeni eliphezulu kubenza bakwazi ukuncintisana emakethe.
amanani memory ukusetshenziswa amayunithi ahlukahlukene ubunjiniyela
inkumbulo osayizi iyashiyana uhlobo ngenhloso ROM. Ngakho elula zasendlini ezifana imishini yokuwasha noma amafriji kungenziwa esisungulwe microcontrollers ngokwanele (kusuka izinqolobane zabo ezimbalwa amashumi amakhilobhayithi), futhi ezimweni ezingavamile isethelwe okuthile more xaka. Sebenzisa semali ROM lapha akwenzi mqondo, ngoba isibalo electronics ezincane, futhi inqubo akudingi izibalo eziyinkimbinkimbi. Ukuze TV yesimanje liyadingeka yinto neliphelele kunalelo. Futhi eyinkimbinkimbi kuyinto esivelele imishini Computing njengama-computer nezimiso amaseva, ROM okuyiwona, njengoba ubuncane, aqukethe gigabytes ezimbalwa (I-ezikhishwe iminyaka engu-15 edlule) kufika ku amashumi kanye namakhulu terabytes idatha.
imaski ROM
Ezimweni lapho ukurekhodwa olwenziwa kusetshenziswa inqubo metallization futhi imaskhi isetshenziswa, yesitoreji unomphela ibizwa ngokuthi buso. Amakheli memory ezi- kuzo ayanikezelwa terminals 10, kanye chip ethile kukhethwa isiginali ekhethekile CS. Ukuhlela lolu hlobo ROM efektri, kuphumele ukukhiqizwa isikali amancane naphakathi akuzuzisi futhi ngempela ungakhululekile. Kodwa ukukhiqizwa emikhulu, zingabantu eshibhe phakathi wonke amadivaysi isitoreji unomphela, okuyinto kuvikelwe nabo udumo.
Schematically, isisindo ingqikithi ungachazwa ukuthi compounds inkumbulo-matrix babashayeli indawo webs fusible eyenziwe polycrystalline silicon. Ngesikhathi sigaba ukukhiqiza konke Jumpers nekhompyutha ecabanga ukuthi zonke eqoshiwe amayunithi okunengqondo. Kodwa phakathi nesimiso wokulungiselela wakhonza zinamandla ephakeme, ngawo ukushiya amayunithi okunengqondo. Lapho usebenzisa voltages ongaphakeme jumper shabalala, nekhompyutha ufunda ngezwi eliphansi ukuthi kukhona zero okunengqondo. Ngokwalesi simiso kukhona ehlelwe wokufundwayo kuphela izinkumbulo.
Ehlelwe funda kuphela izinkumbulo
Prom zazinzima ukhululekile ngesikhathi senqubo yokukhiqiza, kubo bewukwati babe Sokuzivikela ukukhiqizwa medium- futhi elincane. Kodwa zinsizakuphila balinganiselwe - ukuze uhlelo kungenziwa ebhaliwe kanye kuphela (ngenxa yokuthi kwebhuloho shabalala unomphela). Ngenxa yalokhu ukungakwazi ukusebenzisa kabusha umthamo ofundwa kuphela, nokuloba eyiphutha phansi uma kufanele kulahliwe. Lokhu kukhulisa inani yonke imishini kukhiqizwa. Ngenxa yokungapheleli emjikelezweni ukukhiqiza, le nkinga ngempela matasa izingqondo Onjiniyela idivayisi inkumbulo. Indlela ukuphuma kulesi simo kwaba ukuthuthukiswa kwe-ROM kungenziwa kabusha zahlelwa izikhathi eziningi.
ROM nge UV noma kagesi erasable
Thina sabe sesithola zinsizakuphila ngokuthi "funda inkumbulo kuphela UV noma kagesi erasable." Kudaliwe ngesisekelo array inkumbulo lapho inkumbulo amaseli akheke ekhethekile. Ngakho, kwengqamuzana ngalinye kunesikhungo esiyinkimbinkimbi Mos Transistor, lapho esangweni wenziwe polycrystalline silicon. Ngokufana inguqulo yangaphambilini, angithi? Kodwa lezi Roms isici ukuthi Silicon kuphinde lizungezwe yisivikelo kokuba izakhiwo nangokuvikela emangalisayo - Silica. Umgomo we operation isekelwe lokungeniswa ukushaja okuqukethwe ingagcinwa iminyaka leminyenti. Khona-ke kukhona izici zemihuzuko. Ngakho, amadivayisi ultraviolet-ROM kumele hit imisebe ultraviolet ivela ngaphandle (isibani ultraviolet, njll). Kusobala ukuthi kusukela iphuzu Ngenxa kalula ukusebenza ukufunda inkumbulo kuphela kagesi erasable kuyinto kwemisebenzi yoMnyango njengoba ukwenza kusebenze kubo, umane ukusebenzisa zinamandla. Umgomo we lokusula kagesi seyenziwe ngempumelelo ROM ezifana flash ngemoto, okuyinto kuyabonakala eziningi.
Kodwa ROM ahlu- ezinjalo ngaphandle ukwakhiwa kwengqamuzana, ikhipha ezahlukene kusukela ezivamile inkumbulo imaski ROM. Ngezinye izikhathi lezi amadivaysi zibizwa futhi ngokuthi reprogrammiruemymi. Kodwa nge zonke izinzuzo kukhona othile isivinini imingcele lokusula: senzo ngokuvamile kuthatha amaminithi angu-ayi-10-30.
Naphezu kungenzeka ngaphezulu amadivayisi reprogrammiruemye kulinganiselwe ukusetshenziswa. Ngakho, electronics kanye Ukusula ultraviolet angaphila kusuka 10 kuya ku-100 bhala imijikelezo. Khona-ke wethonya elonakalisayo emisebeni kuba palpable ukuze angabe esaba ukusebenza. Bheka ukusetshenziswa izici eziningana ezinjengolwazi singasetshenziswa esenezela njengoba isitoreji BIOS izinhlelo, video kanye namakhadi umsindo for emachwebeni owengeziwe. Nokho, ubhalwe kabusha isihlobo elikhulu kuyinto isimiso Ukusula kagesi. Ngakho, inani Uphindza amadivayisi abavamile isukela 100 000 500 000! Kukhona ehlukile ROM idivayisi ekwazi basebenze amahora engeziwe, kodwa kubasebenzisi abaningi akudingeki-ke.